Interpersonal Emotion Regulation Scale (IERS): Adaptation and Psychometric Properties in a Turkish Sample
Yıl 2018,
, 754 - 762, 16.12.2018
Asude Malkoç
,
Meltem Aslan Gördesli
Reyhan Arslan
,
Ferah Çekici
,
Zeynep Aydın Sünbül
Öz
This study aims to test the validity and reliability of the Turkish adaption of Hofmann, Carpenter and Curtis’ (2016) Interpersonal Emotion Regulation Scale (IERS). The original scale is comprised of four sub-dimensions; namely, enhancing positive affect, perspective taking, soothing, and social modeling. The study was carried out with 326 students from various departments of Medipol University. Work on adapting the scale began with an attempt to find linguistic equivalence. After ensuring this linguistically equivalence for the scale’s original form, a Confirmatory Factor Analysis was launched to examine its construct validity. The results of this confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the four-factor original structure of the scale was also valid for the Turkish sample and the goodness of fit indices of the scale was within acceptable limits. The Cronbach-Alpha internal consistency coefficient was found as .92 for the overall scale. The scale shows outstanding psychometric characteristics.
Kaynakça
- Bentler, M. (1990). Comparative fit indices in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107, 238-246.
- Berking, M., & Wupperman, P. (2012). Emotion regulation and mental health: recent findings, current challenges, and future directions. Current Opinions in Psychiatry, 25(2), 128-134.
- Berscheid, E. (2003). The human's greatest strength: Other humans. In L. G. Aspinwall & U. M. Staudinger (Eds.), A psychology of human strengths: Fundamental questions and future directions for a positive psychology (pp. 37-47). Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association.
- Brown, A. T. (2006). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research (1st ed). New York: Guilford Press.
- Byrne, B. M. (2001). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: basic concepts, applications, and programming. NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
- Cicchetti, D., Ackerman, B. P., & Izard, C. E. (1995). Emotions and emotion regulation in developmental psychopathology. Development and Psychopathology, 7(1), 1-10.
- Coan J. A., Schaefer, H.S., & Davidson, R. J. (2006). Lending a hand: Social regulation of the neural response to threat. Psychological Science, 17, 1032–1039.
- Cote, S. (2005). A social interaction model of the effects of emotion regulation on work strain. Academy of Management Review, 30(3), 509-530.
- Debrot, A., Schoebi, D., Perrez, M., & Horn, A.B. (2013). Touch as an interpersonal emotion regulation process in couples’ daily lives: The mediating role of psychological intimacy Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 39(10), 1373–1385.
- Diamond, L. M., & Aspinwall, L.G. (2003). Emotion regulation across the life span: an ıntegrative perspective emphasizing self-regulation, positive affect, and dyadic processes. Motivation and Emotion, 27(2), 125–156.
- Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R. A., Guthrie, I. K., & Reiser, M. (2000). Dispositional emotionality and regulation: Their role in predicting quality of social functioning. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 136-157.
- Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2012). How to design and evaluate research in education (8th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
- Gaensbauer, T. J. (1982). Regulation of emotional expression in infants from two contrasting caretaking environments. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 21 (2), 163–171.
- Garnefski, N., Kraaij, V., & Spinhoven, P. (2001). Negative life events, cognitive emotion regulation and emotional problems. Personality and Individual Differences, 30(8), 1311-1327.
- Garnefski, N. & Kraaij, V. (2006). Relationships between cognitive emotion regulation strategies and depressive symptoms: A comparative study of five specific samples. Personality and Individual Differences, 40(8), 1659-1669.
- Golden, P. R., & Gross, J. J. (2010). Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on emotion regulation in social anxiety disorder. Emotion, 10(1), 83-91.
- Greenberg, J. (2011). Behavior in organizations (10 th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Hare, A. P. Handbook of small group research. New York, NY.
- Gross, J. J. & Munoz, R.F. (1995). Emotion Regulation and Mental Health. Clinical Psychology: Science & Practice, 2(2), 151-164.
- Gross, J. J. (1998a). Antecedent- and response-focused emotion regulation: Divergent consequences for experience, expression, and physiology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 224–237.
- Gross, J. J. (1998b). The emerging field of emotion regulation: An integrative review. Review of General Psychology, 2, 271–299.
- Gross, J. J. (1999a). Emotion and emotion regulation. In L.A. Pervin & O.P. John (Eds.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research (2nd ed., pp. 525–552). New York: Guilford.
- Gross, J. J. (1999b). Emotion regulation: Past, present, future. Cognition & Emotion, 13, 551–573.
- Gross, J. J. (2001). Emotion Regulation in Adulthood: Timing Is Everything. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 10(6), 214–219.
- Gross J. J. (2002). Emotion regulation: Affective, cognitive, and social consequences. Psychophysiology, 39, 281–291.
- Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: Implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(2), 348-362.
- Higgins, E. T., & Pittman, T. S. (2008). Motives of the human animal: Comprehending, managing, and sharing inner states. Annual Review of Psychology, 59, 361–385.
- Hofmann, S. G. (2014). Interpersonal emotion regulation model of mood and anxiety disorders. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 38, 483–492.
- Hofmann, S.G., Carpenter, K., & Kurtiss, J. (2016). Interpersonal Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (IERQ): Scale development and psychometric characteristics. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 40 ( 3), 341 – 356.
- Kashdana, T. B., Barrios, V., Forsyth, J. P., & Steger, M. F. (2006). Experiential avoidance as a generalized psychological vulnerability: Comparisons with coping and emotion regulation strategies. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44(9), 1301-20.
- Kline, B. R. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (3rd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.
- Kuzucu, Y. (2006). Duyguları fark etmeye ve ifade etmeye yönelik bir psiko-eğitim programının, üniversite öğrencilerinin duygusal farkındalık düzeylerine, duyguları ifade etme eğilimlerine, psikolojik ve öznel iyi oluşlarına etkisi. (Doktora tezi). Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
- Lopes, P. N., Salovey, P., Côté, S., Beers, M., & Petty, R. E. (Ed.). (2005). Emotion regulation abilities and the quality of social interaction. Emotion, 5(1), 113-118.
- Marroquín, B. (2011). 1Interpersonal emotion regulation as a mechanism of social support in depression. Clinical Psychology Review, 31(8), 1276-1290.
- Marshall, N. M. (1996). Sampling for qualitative research. Family Practice, 13(6), 522-525.
- Niven, K., Totterdell, P., Stride, C. B., & Holman, D. (2011). Emotion Regulation of Others and Self (EROS): The development and validation of a new individual difference measure. Current Psychology: A Journal for Diverse Perspectives on Diverse Psychological Issues, 30(1), 53-73.
- Northoff, G., Heinzel, A., de Greck, M., Bermpohl, F., Dobrowolny, H., & Panksepp, J. (2006). Self-referential processing in our brain — A meta-analysis of imaging studies on the self. NeuroImage, 31, 440–457.
- Rime (2007). The social sharing of emotion as an interface between individual and collective processes in the construction of emotional climates. Journal of Social Issues, 63(2), 307-322.
- Rime (2009). Emotion Elicits the Social Sharing of Emotion: Theory and Empirical Review. Emotion Review 1(1), 60-85.
- Tabachnick. B. G. & Fidell. L. S. (2006). Using multivariate statistics (5th ed.). Boston: Allyn andBacon.
- Tamminen, K. A., & Crocker, P. R. E. (2013). “I control my own emotions for the sake of the team”: Emotional self-regulation and interpersonal emotion regulation among female high-performance curlers. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 14, 737–747.
- Tamir, M., & Millgram, Y. (2017). Motivated Emotion Regulation. In Advances in Motivation Science, 207–247.
- Thompson R. A. (1994). Emotion regulation: A theme in search of definition. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 59, 25–52.
- Tucker, L. R., & Lewis, C. (1973). The reliability coefficient for maximum likelihood factor analysis. Psychometrica, 38, 1-10.
- Zaki, J., & Williams, W. C. (2013). Interpersonal emotion regulation. Emotion, 13, 803–810.
Interpersonal Emotion Regulation Scale (IERS): Adaptation and Psychometric Properties in a Turkish Sample
Yıl 2018,
, 754 - 762, 16.12.2018
Asude Malkoç
,
Meltem Aslan Gördesli
Reyhan Arslan
,
Ferah Çekici
,
Zeynep Aydın Sünbül
Öz
This study aims to test the validity and
reliability of the Turkish adaption of Hofmann, Carpenter and Curtis’ (2016)
Interpersonal Emotion Regulation Scale (IERS).
The original scale is comprised of four sub-dimensions; namely,
enhancing positive affect, perspective taking, soothing, and social modeling.
The study was carried out with 326 students from various departments of Medipol
University. Work on adapting the scale began with an attempt to find linguistic
equivalence. After ensuring this linguistically equivalence for the scale’s
original form, a Confirmatory Factor Analysis was launched to examine its
construct validity. The results of this confirmatory factor analysis revealed
that the four-factor original structure of the scale was also valid for the
Turkish sample and the goodness of fit indices of the scale was within
acceptable limits. The Cronbach-Alpha internal consistency coefficient was
found as .92 for the overall scale. The scale shows outstanding psychometric
characteristics.
Kaynakça
- Bentler, M. (1990). Comparative fit indices in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107, 238-246.
- Berking, M., & Wupperman, P. (2012). Emotion regulation and mental health: recent findings, current challenges, and future directions. Current Opinions in Psychiatry, 25(2), 128-134.
- Berscheid, E. (2003). The human's greatest strength: Other humans. In L. G. Aspinwall & U. M. Staudinger (Eds.), A psychology of human strengths: Fundamental questions and future directions for a positive psychology (pp. 37-47). Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association.
- Brown, A. T. (2006). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research (1st ed). New York: Guilford Press.
- Byrne, B. M. (2001). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: basic concepts, applications, and programming. NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
- Cicchetti, D., Ackerman, B. P., & Izard, C. E. (1995). Emotions and emotion regulation in developmental psychopathology. Development and Psychopathology, 7(1), 1-10.
- Coan J. A., Schaefer, H.S., & Davidson, R. J. (2006). Lending a hand: Social regulation of the neural response to threat. Psychological Science, 17, 1032–1039.
- Cote, S. (2005). A social interaction model of the effects of emotion regulation on work strain. Academy of Management Review, 30(3), 509-530.
- Debrot, A., Schoebi, D., Perrez, M., & Horn, A.B. (2013). Touch as an interpersonal emotion regulation process in couples’ daily lives: The mediating role of psychological intimacy Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 39(10), 1373–1385.
- Diamond, L. M., & Aspinwall, L.G. (2003). Emotion regulation across the life span: an ıntegrative perspective emphasizing self-regulation, positive affect, and dyadic processes. Motivation and Emotion, 27(2), 125–156.
- Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R. A., Guthrie, I. K., & Reiser, M. (2000). Dispositional emotionality and regulation: Their role in predicting quality of social functioning. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 136-157.
- Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2012). How to design and evaluate research in education (8th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
- Gaensbauer, T. J. (1982). Regulation of emotional expression in infants from two contrasting caretaking environments. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 21 (2), 163–171.
- Garnefski, N., Kraaij, V., & Spinhoven, P. (2001). Negative life events, cognitive emotion regulation and emotional problems. Personality and Individual Differences, 30(8), 1311-1327.
- Garnefski, N. & Kraaij, V. (2006). Relationships between cognitive emotion regulation strategies and depressive symptoms: A comparative study of five specific samples. Personality and Individual Differences, 40(8), 1659-1669.
- Golden, P. R., & Gross, J. J. (2010). Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on emotion regulation in social anxiety disorder. Emotion, 10(1), 83-91.
- Greenberg, J. (2011). Behavior in organizations (10 th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Hare, A. P. Handbook of small group research. New York, NY.
- Gross, J. J. & Munoz, R.F. (1995). Emotion Regulation and Mental Health. Clinical Psychology: Science & Practice, 2(2), 151-164.
- Gross, J. J. (1998a). Antecedent- and response-focused emotion regulation: Divergent consequences for experience, expression, and physiology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 224–237.
- Gross, J. J. (1998b). The emerging field of emotion regulation: An integrative review. Review of General Psychology, 2, 271–299.
- Gross, J. J. (1999a). Emotion and emotion regulation. In L.A. Pervin & O.P. John (Eds.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research (2nd ed., pp. 525–552). New York: Guilford.
- Gross, J. J. (1999b). Emotion regulation: Past, present, future. Cognition & Emotion, 13, 551–573.
- Gross, J. J. (2001). Emotion Regulation in Adulthood: Timing Is Everything. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 10(6), 214–219.
- Gross J. J. (2002). Emotion regulation: Affective, cognitive, and social consequences. Psychophysiology, 39, 281–291.
- Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: Implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(2), 348-362.
- Higgins, E. T., & Pittman, T. S. (2008). Motives of the human animal: Comprehending, managing, and sharing inner states. Annual Review of Psychology, 59, 361–385.
- Hofmann, S. G. (2014). Interpersonal emotion regulation model of mood and anxiety disorders. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 38, 483–492.
- Hofmann, S.G., Carpenter, K., & Kurtiss, J. (2016). Interpersonal Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (IERQ): Scale development and psychometric characteristics. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 40 ( 3), 341 – 356.
- Kashdana, T. B., Barrios, V., Forsyth, J. P., & Steger, M. F. (2006). Experiential avoidance as a generalized psychological vulnerability: Comparisons with coping and emotion regulation strategies. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44(9), 1301-20.
- Kline, B. R. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (3rd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.
- Kuzucu, Y. (2006). Duyguları fark etmeye ve ifade etmeye yönelik bir psiko-eğitim programının, üniversite öğrencilerinin duygusal farkındalık düzeylerine, duyguları ifade etme eğilimlerine, psikolojik ve öznel iyi oluşlarına etkisi. (Doktora tezi). Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
- Lopes, P. N., Salovey, P., Côté, S., Beers, M., & Petty, R. E. (Ed.). (2005). Emotion regulation abilities and the quality of social interaction. Emotion, 5(1), 113-118.
- Marroquín, B. (2011). 1Interpersonal emotion regulation as a mechanism of social support in depression. Clinical Psychology Review, 31(8), 1276-1290.
- Marshall, N. M. (1996). Sampling for qualitative research. Family Practice, 13(6), 522-525.
- Niven, K., Totterdell, P., Stride, C. B., & Holman, D. (2011). Emotion Regulation of Others and Self (EROS): The development and validation of a new individual difference measure. Current Psychology: A Journal for Diverse Perspectives on Diverse Psychological Issues, 30(1), 53-73.
- Northoff, G., Heinzel, A., de Greck, M., Bermpohl, F., Dobrowolny, H., & Panksepp, J. (2006). Self-referential processing in our brain — A meta-analysis of imaging studies on the self. NeuroImage, 31, 440–457.
- Rime (2007). The social sharing of emotion as an interface between individual and collective processes in the construction of emotional climates. Journal of Social Issues, 63(2), 307-322.
- Rime (2009). Emotion Elicits the Social Sharing of Emotion: Theory and Empirical Review. Emotion Review 1(1), 60-85.
- Tabachnick. B. G. & Fidell. L. S. (2006). Using multivariate statistics (5th ed.). Boston: Allyn andBacon.
- Tamminen, K. A., & Crocker, P. R. E. (2013). “I control my own emotions for the sake of the team”: Emotional self-regulation and interpersonal emotion regulation among female high-performance curlers. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 14, 737–747.
- Tamir, M., & Millgram, Y. (2017). Motivated Emotion Regulation. In Advances in Motivation Science, 207–247.
- Thompson R. A. (1994). Emotion regulation: A theme in search of definition. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 59, 25–52.
- Tucker, L. R., & Lewis, C. (1973). The reliability coefficient for maximum likelihood factor analysis. Psychometrica, 38, 1-10.
- Zaki, J., & Williams, W. C. (2013). Interpersonal emotion regulation. Emotion, 13, 803–810.