​HERITAGE ARCHITECTURE AND CAPITALISM

Abstract

This paper is an initial proposition that Critical Heritage Studies CHS is caught within the constraints of a capitalist theoretical framework. CHS developed from the idea of intangible heritage following initiatives to include: social factors, gardens as living monuments, and cultural heritage within the scope of heritage, giving greater emphasis to non-material aspects of heritage and non-western cultural priorities. The paper begins to test the ideas of CHS against two Environment Court decisions from New Zealand, whch operate under the RMA, which aims to achieve sustainable management through the balancing of conflicting aspirations of development, economic, environmental, social and cultural priorities. CHS is strongly influenced by thinking shared by poststructuralism and revisionist historiography. Its shift from heritage as a finite resource and a fluid, changeable set of values shares its rhetoric with late twentieth-century capitalism. The paper is particularly interested in how these shared ideas of CHS and capitalism operate, and explores the commonalities between Smith's 2006 Uses of Heritage and Milton Friedman's 1962 Capitalism and Freedom.

Kaynakça

1. Adam, D.J., 1984. Stakeholder analysis. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
2. European Cultures. 17(1):54-73. Friedman, M., 1962. Capitalism and Freedom. London: University of Chicago Press.
3. Hamilton East Community Trust v Hamilton City Council ENV-2013-ALK-000065 (2014)
4. Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga Act 2014 No 26 (New Zealand)
5. ICOMOS., 1982. Historic Gardens [Florence Charter 1981]. December 1982, Accessed 29 September 2016. http://www.icomos.org/charters/gardens_e.pdf
6. ICOMOS., 1975. The Declaration of Amsterdam [Amsterdam Declaration]. 21-25 October, Accessed 29
7. September 2016. http://www.icomos.org/en/charters-and-texts/179-articles-en-francais/ressources/charters-and- standards/169-the-declaration-of-amsterdam
8. Report and Decision of the Board of Inquiry into the Basin Bridge Proposal (August 2014)

9. Resource Management Act 1991 No 69 (New Zealand)
10. Smith, L., 2006. Use of Heritage. Oxon: Routledge.
11. Accessed 9 January 2016. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0013/001325/132540e.pdf Accessed 9 December
12. Universal College of Learning (UCOL) v Wanganui District Council ENV-2008-WLG-000191 (2010)