NEW ARCHITECTURAL ICONS OF THE COMPETITIVE ERA

Abstract

Production of space has always been a multi-dimensional phenomenon for various disciplines. This multidimensional nature; including politics, technology, sociology, economy etc. of this phenomenon creates a fertile tool for understanding 21st century’s world. Architecture, the discipline of spatial production also embodies the creation of meaning for both individuals and communities. This comprehensiveness of architecture has always given it an active role for building and making visible the dynamics that shape the world. In the light of this, in order to understand the today’s world, architecture serves as a key tool in means of both production of space and production of conflicting meanings. Since neoliberalism is used for defining the major impetus beginning from 20th century, how are the spaces/places and meanings change under this impetus is a worth-asking question. Following this question, taking architecture and production of space under the effects of neoliberalism as a focus point, the term “non-spaces” which first enounced by Augé Augé, 1995 can give us a general idea about the spaces of today’s milieu. Augé used this term generally for describing spaces like airports, highways and shopping malls etc. that represent emptiness and give no chance for establishing meaningful bonds. Taking a step further; this paper aims to discuss the role of architecture as a key component for competing cities through production of space following neoliberal urban politics. In this point of view, can architectural icons with similar functions such as culture, sports or other international events, created by star architects, help us to enlarge the scope of “non-spaces?” is the basic question of this paper. The paper will be based on the theories of neoliberal urban politics and the role of architecture in creating meaning and rationalizing these politics in competitive cities. Secondly, new functions and the role of star architects will be focused through these theories. Following these discussions, examples of mega-projects, both built and unbuilt, of some star architects will be opened to discussion

Kaynakça

1. Adam, R., 2008. Architecture and Globalisation. Architect’s Review
2. Adhan, K., 2008. Rediscovering the Island: Doha’s urbanity from pearls to spectacle. In Y. Elsheshtawy (Ed.), The evolving Arab City: Tradition, modernity and urban development (pp. 218–257). London and New York: Routledge.
3. Augé, M., 1992. Yer-Olmayanlar, çev. T.Ilgaz. İstanbul: Kesit Yayıncılık.
4. Bauman, Z., 1998. Küreselleşme – Toplumsal Sonuçları. çev. Yılmaz, A., İstanbul: Ayrıntı.
5. Bell, D., 1973. The Coming of Post-Industrial Society: A Venture in Social Forecasting. NY: Basic Books
6. Castells, M. (2008). Enformasyon Çağı: Ekonomi, Toplum ve Kültür. 1.Cilt: Ağ Toplumunun Yükselişi (2.Baskı).
7. Ebru Kılıç (Çev.). İstanbul: Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları. Cresswell, T., 2004. Place: A Short Introduction. Blackwell Publishing
8. Dovey, K., 1999. Framing Places: Mediating Power in Built Form. London: Routledge.

9. Gonzalez, S., 2006. Scalar narratives in Bilbao. A cultural politics of scales approach to the study of urban policy.
10. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 30.4, 836 – 57. Habermas, J., 1997. Kamusallığın Yapısal Dönüşümü. çev. Bora, T. & Sancar, M. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları
11. Harvey, D., 1999. Postmodernliğin Durumu. çev. Savran, S. İstanbul: Metis Yayınları.
12. Harvey, D. 2007, Zaman-Mekan Sıkışması ve Postmodern Durum, in Bülbük, K. (ed.), Küreselleşme Kültür
13. Medeniyet / Yerel Kimliklerden Küresel Stratejilere, İstanbul: Orient Yayınları, pp.117. Ibelings, H., 1998. Supermodernism: Architecture in the Age of Globalization, Amsterdam: NAI Publishers.
14. King, A.D., 2004. Spaces of Global Cultures: Architecture Urbanism Identity. London: Routledge
15. Lefebvre, H., 1991. The Production of Space. çev. Smith, D. Nicholson. Oxford: Blackwell
16. Ponzini, D. (2014). The Values of Starchitecture: Commodificatıon of Architectural Design in Contemporary
17. Cities. Antipode Journal. Ponzini, D. (2011). Large scale development projects and star architecture in the absence of democratic politics: The case of Abu Dhabi, UAE. in Cities 28 (pp. 251–259) doi:10.1016/j.cities.2011.02.002
18. Sassen, S., 1991. The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo. , Oxford: Princeton University Press.
19. Saunders W. S. (ed), Commodification and Spectacle in Architecture: A Harvard Design Magazine Reader, Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press, 22-33. Sklair, L. (2006). Iconic Architecture and Capitalist Globalization. City: analysis of urban trends, culture, theory, policy, action. Volume 10. No: 1, 21-47. doi: 10.1080/13604810600594613
20. Sklair, L. (2010). Iconic Architecture and the Culture-Ideology of Consumerism. İn Theory, Culture & Society. Volume 0 (0): 1-25. doi: 10.1177/0263276410374634
21. Sorkin, M. 2005. Brand Aid; or, The Lexus and the Guggenheim (Further Tales of the Notorious B.I.G.ness), in
22. Saunders W. S. (ed), Commodification and Spectacle in Architecture: A Harvard Design Magazine Reader, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 22-33. Tanaka, S. 2013. The ‘Starchitect’ Effect on Condo Prices. Wall Street Journal. January 10, 2013, retrieved from http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887323874204578221591933740524.html
23. Tuan, Yi-Fu, 1977. Space and Place. University of Minnesota Press
24. Tomlinson, J., 2004. Küreselleşme ve Kültür (2.Baskı). çev. Eker, A. İstanbul: Ayrıntı.
25. Yalçıntan, M. C., Çalışkan, Ç.O., Çılgın, K., Dündar, U. 2014. İstanbul Dönüşüm Coğrafyası [Istanbul
26. Transformation Geography] in Candan, A.B & Özbay, C. (Eds) Yeni İstanbul Çalışmaları: Sınırlar, Mücadeleler, Açılımlar, Metis Yayınları, İstanbul, pp 47-70