THE URBAN PATTERNS IN “INFORMAL” AND “FORMAL” NEIGHBORHOODS: A GRAPH THEORY-BASED STUDY

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 42 - 47, 01.04.2017

Ebru Cubukcu K. Mert Cubukcu

Öz

The urban “informal” neighborhoods in developing countries are the spatial outcomes of the informal economic relations and practices in cities. The emerge of these neighborhoods in Turkey goes back to the 1965’s in parallel to the rapid growth of private industry, followed by an immense amount of migration to big cities. The urban patterns of these “informal” neighborhoods can still be traced. In this study, the graph theory is used to compare the spatial structure of “formal” and “informal” neighborhoods of Izmir. Two neighborhoods to represent “formal” and “informal” urban patterns are selected: 1 Bostanli and 2 Ballikuyu . Six different graph theory-based centrality indices are calculated for each neighborhood: 1 edge density, 2 edge sinuosity, 3 eta index, 4 node density, 5 order of a node, and 6 beta index. The results showed that the urban street patterns pertaining to “formal” and “informal” neighborhoods of Izmir, measured through graph theory-based centrality indices, are remarkably different, and the results are statistically significant. However, the urban street network produced through a legal process is not necessarily superior to the legal one, when the graph theory-based indices are considered. Further research may consider a broader range of time and space to generalize these results

Kaynakça

• Alexander, A.P., 1960. Industrial entrepreneurship in Turkey: Origins and growth. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 8(4), pp.349-365.
• Bin, X. & Zhongyi, Z., 2010. Graph Theory, Mathematical Olympiad Series Vol. 3. London: World Scientific & Shanghai: East China University Press.
• Borruso, G., 2003. Network density and the delimitation of urban areas. Transactions in GIS, 7(2), 177-191.
• Buhl, J., Gautrais, J., Reeves, N., Solé, R. V., Valverde, S., Kuntz, P., & Theraulaz, G., 2006. Topological patterns in street networks of self-organized urban settlements. The European Physical Journal B-Condensed Matter and Complex Systems, 49(4), 513-522.
• Crucitti, P., Latora, V., & Porta, S., 2006. Centrality measures in spatial networks of urban streets. Physical Review E, 73(3), 036125.
• Cubukcu, K.M., 2015. Examining the Street Patterns in Izmir in the 19th Century: A network based spatial analysis. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 202, pp.436-441.
• Freely, J., 2010. Children of Achilles: the Greeks in Asia minor since the days of Troy. New York: I. B. Touris & Co. Ltd..
• Goffman, D., 1999. Izmir: from village to colonial port city. In: E. Eldem, D. Goffman & B. A. Masters (Eds.), The Ottoman City Between East and West: Aleppo, Izmir, and Istanbul (pp. 79-134). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Hammond, R. & McCullagh, P.S., 1978. Quantitative techniques in geography: An introduction (2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Kansky K. & Danscoine, P., 1989. Measures of network structure. Flux, 5(1), 89-121.
• Wagstaff, J.M., 1985. The Evolution of Middle Eastern Landscapes: An Outline to A.D. 1840. Rowman & Littlefield,UK.