Yıl 2018,
Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 0 - 0, 31.12.2018
Burcu Koç
,
Özgür Yayla
,
Yalçın Arslantürk
Evren Güçer
Kaynakça
- Bem, Sandra Lipsitz (1974), “The Measurement of Psychological Androgyny”,
Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, Vol. 42, No. 2, pp.155-162.
- Bem, Sandra Lipsitz and Steven A. Lewis (1975), “Sex Role Adaptability: One
Consequence of Psychological Androgyny”, Journal of Personality and Social
Psychology, Vol. 31, No. 4, pp.634-643.
- Bem, Sandra Lipsitz (1981), “Gender Schema Theory: A Cognitive Account of
Sex Typing”, Pschological Review, Vol. 88, No. 4, pp.354-364.
- Catina, Ana, Svetlana Boyadjieva and Michaela Bergner (1996), “Social Context,
Gender Identity and Eating Disorders in Western and Eastern Europe: Preliminary
Results of a Comparative Study”, European Eating Disorders Review, Vol. 4, No.
2, pp.100-106.
- Choi, Namok and Dale R. Fuqua (2003), “The Structure of the Bem Sex Role
Inventory: A Summary Report of 23 Validation Studies”, Educational and
Psychological Measurement, Vol. 63, No. 5, pp. 872-887.
- Dökmen, Zehra Y., (1999), “Bem Cinsiyet Rolü Envanteri Kadınsılık ve
Erkeksilik Ölçekleri Türkçe Formunun Psikometrik Özellikleri (Psychometric
Properties of the Turkish Version of Bem Sex Role Inventory: Femininity and
Masculinity Scales)”, Journal of Crisis, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp.27-40.
- Ely, Robin J. (1995), “The Power in Demography: Women`s Social Contructions
of Gender Identity at Work”, The Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 38, No.
3, pp.589-634.
- Fischer, Eileen and Stephen J. Arnold (1990), “ More Than a Labor of Love:
Gender Roles and Christmas Gift Shopping”, Journal of Consumer Research,
Vol. 17, No. 3, pp.333-345.
- Fischer, Eileen and Stephen J. Arnold (1994), “Sex, Gender Identity, Gender Role
Attitudes and Consumer Behavior”, Psychology&Marketing, Vol. 11, No. 2,
pp.163-182.
- Gill, Sandra, Jean Stockard, Miriam Johnson and Suzanne Williams (1987),
“Measuring Gender Differences: The Expressive Dimension and Critique of
Androgyny Scales”, Sex Roles, Vol. 17, No. 7-8, pp.375-400.
- Hair, Joseph F., William C. Black, Barry J. Babin, and Rolph E. Anderson (2010),
Multivariate Data Analysis: A Global Perspective. 7th edition, Pearson Prentice
Hall.
- Hoffman, Rose Marie and L. DiAnne Borders (2001), “Twenty-Five Years After
The Bem Sex-Role Inventory: A Reassessment and New Issues Regarding
Classification Variability”, Measurement and Evaluation in Colseling and
Development, Vol. 34, No. 1, pp.39-55.
- Kulik, Liat (1998), “Effect of Gender and Social Environment on Gender Role
Perceptions and Identity: Comparative Study of Kibbutz and Urban Adolescents
in Israel”, Journal of Community Psychology, Vol. 26, No. 6, pp.533-548.
- Moreland, John R., Nancy Gulanick, Eileen K. Montague, and Vincent A. Harren
(1978), “Some Psychometric Properties of the Bem Sex-Role Inventory”, Applied
Psychological Measurement, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp.249-256.
- Nunkoo, Robin and Dogan Gursoy (2012). “Residents’ Support For Tourism: An
Identity Perspective”, Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 39, No. 1, pp.243-268.
- Palan, Kay M. (2001), “Gender Identity in Consumer Behavior Research: A
Literature Review and Research Agenda”, Academy of Marketing Science Review,
No. 10, pp.1-24.
- Prakash, Ved (1992), “Sex Roles and Advertising Preferences,” Journal of
Advertising Research, Vol. 32, No. 3, pp.43-52.
- Putrevu, Sanjay (2004), “Communicating with the Sexes: Males and Female
Responses to Print Advertisements”, Journal of Advertising, Vol. 33, No. 3,
pp.51-62.
- Sherif, Carolyn Wood (1982), “Needed Concepts in the Study of Gender
Identity”, Psychology of Women Quaterly, Vol. 6, No. 4, pp.375-398.
- Spence, Janet T. (1984), “Masculinity, Femininity and Gender-Related Traits: A
Conceptual Analysis and Critique of Current Research,” Progress in Experimental
Personality Research, Vol. 13, 1-97.
- Vigorito, Anthony J. and Timothy J. Curry (1998), “Marketing Masculinity:
Gender Identity and Popular Magazines,” Sex Roles, Vol. 39, No. 1-2, pp.135-
152.
- Vitz, Paul C. and Donald Johnston (1965), “Masculinity of Smokers and the
Masculinity of Cigarette Images”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 49, No. 3,
pp.155-159.
- Yağcı, Mehmet İsmail and Neslihan İlarslan (2010), “Reklamların ve Cinsiyet
Kimliği Rolünün Tüketicilerin Satın Alma Davranışları Üzerindeki Etkisi (Effects
of the Advertisements and Gender Identity Role on Customers` Purchasing
Behavior)”, Journal of Dogus University, Vol. 11, No. 1, pp.138-155.
- Wright, Anne B. and Sue Holttum (2012), “Gender Identity, Research SelfEfficacy and Research Intention in Trainee Clinical Psychologists in the UK”,
Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp.46-56.
GENDER IDENTITY ROLES IN TOURISM AND THEIR EFFECTS ON CONSUMER BEHAVIORS
Yıl 2018,
Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 0 - 0, 31.12.2018
Burcu Koç
,
Özgür Yayla
,
Yalçın Arslantürk
Evren Güçer
Öz
Gender identity concept represents “masculine, feminine, androgynous and
undifferentiated” personality characteristics in psychology. According to the
term, while a male might exhibit feminine attitudes in psychological gender
aspect, a female might possess masculine features. Dimensions and inventories of
gender identity roles and their impacts on consumer behaviors have been studied
constantly in marketing and psychology literature. Some of the research findings
support that consumer behaviors might as well be affected by psychology-based
gender roles. In this study, respondents were included in four groups by using
Bem’s Sex Role Inventory and then, they were asked to evaluate two different
visual and verbal advertising materials (Feminine & Masculine). Consequently,
the structural relationship between respondents’ perception and purchase
intention toward both ads according to the general average of the gender identity
roles was tried to be given.
Kaynakça
- Bem, Sandra Lipsitz (1974), “The Measurement of Psychological Androgyny”,
Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, Vol. 42, No. 2, pp.155-162.
- Bem, Sandra Lipsitz and Steven A. Lewis (1975), “Sex Role Adaptability: One
Consequence of Psychological Androgyny”, Journal of Personality and Social
Psychology, Vol. 31, No. 4, pp.634-643.
- Bem, Sandra Lipsitz (1981), “Gender Schema Theory: A Cognitive Account of
Sex Typing”, Pschological Review, Vol. 88, No. 4, pp.354-364.
- Catina, Ana, Svetlana Boyadjieva and Michaela Bergner (1996), “Social Context,
Gender Identity and Eating Disorders in Western and Eastern Europe: Preliminary
Results of a Comparative Study”, European Eating Disorders Review, Vol. 4, No.
2, pp.100-106.
- Choi, Namok and Dale R. Fuqua (2003), “The Structure of the Bem Sex Role
Inventory: A Summary Report of 23 Validation Studies”, Educational and
Psychological Measurement, Vol. 63, No. 5, pp. 872-887.
- Dökmen, Zehra Y., (1999), “Bem Cinsiyet Rolü Envanteri Kadınsılık ve
Erkeksilik Ölçekleri Türkçe Formunun Psikometrik Özellikleri (Psychometric
Properties of the Turkish Version of Bem Sex Role Inventory: Femininity and
Masculinity Scales)”, Journal of Crisis, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp.27-40.
- Ely, Robin J. (1995), “The Power in Demography: Women`s Social Contructions
of Gender Identity at Work”, The Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 38, No.
3, pp.589-634.
- Fischer, Eileen and Stephen J. Arnold (1990), “ More Than a Labor of Love:
Gender Roles and Christmas Gift Shopping”, Journal of Consumer Research,
Vol. 17, No. 3, pp.333-345.
- Fischer, Eileen and Stephen J. Arnold (1994), “Sex, Gender Identity, Gender Role
Attitudes and Consumer Behavior”, Psychology&Marketing, Vol. 11, No. 2,
pp.163-182.
- Gill, Sandra, Jean Stockard, Miriam Johnson and Suzanne Williams (1987),
“Measuring Gender Differences: The Expressive Dimension and Critique of
Androgyny Scales”, Sex Roles, Vol. 17, No. 7-8, pp.375-400.
- Hair, Joseph F., William C. Black, Barry J. Babin, and Rolph E. Anderson (2010),
Multivariate Data Analysis: A Global Perspective. 7th edition, Pearson Prentice
Hall.
- Hoffman, Rose Marie and L. DiAnne Borders (2001), “Twenty-Five Years After
The Bem Sex-Role Inventory: A Reassessment and New Issues Regarding
Classification Variability”, Measurement and Evaluation in Colseling and
Development, Vol. 34, No. 1, pp.39-55.
- Kulik, Liat (1998), “Effect of Gender and Social Environment on Gender Role
Perceptions and Identity: Comparative Study of Kibbutz and Urban Adolescents
in Israel”, Journal of Community Psychology, Vol. 26, No. 6, pp.533-548.
- Moreland, John R., Nancy Gulanick, Eileen K. Montague, and Vincent A. Harren
(1978), “Some Psychometric Properties of the Bem Sex-Role Inventory”, Applied
Psychological Measurement, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp.249-256.
- Nunkoo, Robin and Dogan Gursoy (2012). “Residents’ Support For Tourism: An
Identity Perspective”, Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 39, No. 1, pp.243-268.
- Palan, Kay M. (2001), “Gender Identity in Consumer Behavior Research: A
Literature Review and Research Agenda”, Academy of Marketing Science Review,
No. 10, pp.1-24.
- Prakash, Ved (1992), “Sex Roles and Advertising Preferences,” Journal of
Advertising Research, Vol. 32, No. 3, pp.43-52.
- Putrevu, Sanjay (2004), “Communicating with the Sexes: Males and Female
Responses to Print Advertisements”, Journal of Advertising, Vol. 33, No. 3,
pp.51-62.
- Sherif, Carolyn Wood (1982), “Needed Concepts in the Study of Gender
Identity”, Psychology of Women Quaterly, Vol. 6, No. 4, pp.375-398.
- Spence, Janet T. (1984), “Masculinity, Femininity and Gender-Related Traits: A
Conceptual Analysis and Critique of Current Research,” Progress in Experimental
Personality Research, Vol. 13, 1-97.
- Vigorito, Anthony J. and Timothy J. Curry (1998), “Marketing Masculinity:
Gender Identity and Popular Magazines,” Sex Roles, Vol. 39, No. 1-2, pp.135-
152.
- Vitz, Paul C. and Donald Johnston (1965), “Masculinity of Smokers and the
Masculinity of Cigarette Images”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 49, No. 3,
pp.155-159.
- Yağcı, Mehmet İsmail and Neslihan İlarslan (2010), “Reklamların ve Cinsiyet
Kimliği Rolünün Tüketicilerin Satın Alma Davranışları Üzerindeki Etkisi (Effects
of the Advertisements and Gender Identity Role on Customers` Purchasing
Behavior)”, Journal of Dogus University, Vol. 11, No. 1, pp.138-155.
- Wright, Anne B. and Sue Holttum (2012), “Gender Identity, Research SelfEfficacy and Research Intention in Trainee Clinical Psychologists in the UK”,
Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp.46-56.