ENHANCING SUSTAINABLE LIFELONG LEARNING THROUGH COMPETENCY BASED EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN ZIMBABWE POLYTHECNICS

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1, 133 - 146, 19.02.2020

Joseph Zuva Tranos Zuva

Öz

This paper looks at Competency Based Education and Training (CBET) as a mechanism of imparting skills to learners. The paper further justifies CBET as an alternative route for Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) in public institutions in Zimbabwe. Over the years and recently CBET has proved to be the conduit of skills development and training that produces competent graduates capable of creating employment and promoting sustainable economic growth. TVET is capable of producing specialist practitioners for the various levels of the productive and service sectors in all the sectors of the economy. The paper advanced how competency-based education can be used as a conduit to enhance sustainable life-long learning capable of creating employment through entrepreneurship and meeting industry demands. CBET is viewed as a reform mechanism of skills development for life-long learning. For this study documentary analysis of literature was used to determine the relevant source of material for review. The selected literature, which included policy documents, journal articles and search engines were critically analysed. Document analysis of reviewed literature became the main source of information and data about TVET in public institutions. CBET is a wholesome mode of delivery which links all the three domains of learning namely psychomotor, affective and cognitive and enables graduates from this system to effectively operate in both formal and informal sectors of the economy for their livelihoods and the development of the nation at large. The training system is guided by international trends of industrialisation and modernisation; hence the paper proposes a TVET system driven by CBET that focuses on skills development anchored on continuous assessment, on the job training and innovation. In conclusion, the study established CBET as an effective mode of equipping trainees with sustainable lifelong competencies for self-reliance and economic growth. For this reason, CBET can be adopted as a useful means of growing the economy through formal and informal entrepreneurial income generating projects.

Anahtar Kelimeler

competency, entrepreneurship, life-long learning, sustainable, skills development

Kaynakça

• Anane, C.A. 2013 Competency based training: Quality delivery for technical and vocational education and training (TVET) institutions. Educational Research International, 2(2):117- 127. http:// www.erint.savap.org.pk/PDF/vol2(2)/ERInt.2013(2.2-14).pdf Ates, H. and Alsal, K., 2012. The importance of lifelong learning has been increasing. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 46, pp.4092-4096. Ayonmike, S. Okwelle, P.C & Okeke, B.C 2014 Competency Based Education and Training in Technical Vocational Education: Implication for Sustainable National Security and Development 4 October Vol 1: 290-300 Brine, J. 2006. Lifelong learning and the knowledge economy: those that know and those that do not—the discourse of the European Union. British Educational Research Journal, 32(5):649-665. Brown, M. (1994). An introduction to the discourse on competency-based training (CBT) in Deakin University Course Development Centre (Ed.), a collection of readings related to competency-based training (pp. 1-17). Victoria, Australia: Victorian Education Foundation, Deakin University. Retrieved from http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED384695.pdf Clark, T., 2005. Lifelong, Life-Wide or Life Sentence? Australian Journal of Adult Learning, 45(1):47-62. Competence Models in Technology-Enhanced Competence-Based Learning Deißinger, T. & Hellwig, S., 2005. Structures and Functions of Competence-based Education and Training (CBET): A comparative perspective. Delker, P.V., 1990. Basic Skills Education in Business and Industry: Factors for Success or Failure. Contractor Report. Delors, J., 1998. Learning: The treasure within. UNESCO. Elfert, M., 2015. UNESCO, the Faure report, the Delors report, and the political utopia of lifelong learning. European Journal of Education, 50(1), :88-100. Foyster, J., 1990. Getting to Grips with Competency-Based Training and Assessment. TAFE National Centre for Research and Development, Attn: Sales, 252 Kensington Road, Leabrook, South Australia 5068. Harris, R., Hobart, B. and Lundberg, D., 1995. Competency-based education and training: Between a rock and a whirlpool. Macmillan Education AU. Kaaya, P.B. 2012. The importance of competency-based education and training (CBET) on industrial performance in Tanzania. Paper Presented at the TVET Institutions and Industries Collaborations Conference Program, 12th October, 2012, Arusha Tanzania. Kennedy, K. Wanami, S & Kerre, B.W. 2018 Challenges affecting the implementation of technical curriculum in public TVET institutions in Kenya: A case of Nandi and Uasin Gishu counties ISSN 2320-7388 8(3):30-34 Laal, M., 2011. Lifelong learning: What does it mean?. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 28, pp.470-474. Maravanyika, O.E 1990 World Bank Discussion papers Africa technical department Series No 91 Implementing educational policies in Zimbabwe. World Bank ISSN 0259-210 Mpofu, J & Chimhenga, S 2016 Unemployment and Implications to Social and Political Conflict: Perspectives from Zimbabwe. IOSR Journal of Research & Method in Education, 6(3): 08-13. Mupunga, D.M., Burnett, M.F & Redmann, D.H 2005 Examining the purpose of technical education in Zimbabwe’s high schools. International education journal ISSN 1443-1475 Shannon research press Norton, R.E., 1987. Competency-based education and training: a humanistic and realistic approach to technical and vocational instruction. Regional Workshop on Technical/Vocational Teacher Training in Chiba City, Japan. ERIC: ED (Vol. 279910). Obwoge, M. 2016 Competency based education and training: A fresh green leaf from the Australian context for TVET in Africa. IRA international journal of education and multidisciplinary studies ISSN 2455-2526, 3(3) OECD 2018 The future we want: The Future of education and skills education 2030 Directorate for education and skills. 2 rue André Pascal - 75775 Paris Cedex 16-France Okwelle, P & Ayonmike, C.S 2014 Towards value re-orientation of youths on the role of technical vocational education and training (TVET) for sustainable development in Nigeria. Journal of Education and Practice www.iiste.org ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online) 5(8) Preston, J., 2017. Competence Based Education and Training (CBET) and the End of Human Learning: The Existential Threat of Competency. Springer. Report on the Technical and Vocational Education and Training Policy Review Framework 2005 Sampson D., Fytros D. 2008 Competence Models in Technology-Enhanced Competence-Based Learning. In: Adelsberger H.H., Kinshuk, Pawlowski J.M., Sampson D.G. (eds) Handbook on Information Technologies for Education and Training. International handbooks on information systems. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg pp 155-177 STEP Report Series Southern Africa Regional Forum on Technical Vocational Education Training (TVET) 2016, Lilongwe Sullivan, R & Mclntosh, N 1996 The competency based approach to training 5(2) The World Bank 2002. Stepping up skills for jobs and productivity Turkkahraman, M. 2012 The role of education in societal development. Journal of educational and instructional studies in the world, Volume 2 Issue 4 ISSN 2146-7463 Tuschling, A. and Engemann, C., 2006. From education to lifelong learning: The emerging regime of learning in the European Union. Educational philosophy and theory, 38(4):451-469. Tuxworth, E. (1994). Competence-based education and training: background and origins. In Deakin University Course Development Centre (Ed.), A collection of readings related to competency-based training (109-123). Victoria, Australia: Victorian Education Foundation, Deakin University. Retrieved from http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED384695.pdf Watson, L., 2003. Lifelong learning in Australia. Department of Education, Science & Training. World Bank (IBRD), 2003. Lifelong learning in the global knowledge economy: challenges for developing countries: a World Bank report. World Bank, Washington, District of Columbia. World TVET Database Zimbabwe 2012 UNESCO-UNEVOC International centre for technical and vocational education and training Woyo, E., 2013 Challenges facing technical and vocational education training institutions in producing competent graduates in Zimbabwe 1(7):182-189 Zinhumwe, C. (2012). The youth and unemployment in Zimbabwe. Remarks presented at the National Youth Conference, with the theme, “Building a future with Decent Work for Young People held at Rainbow Towers in Harare on 29 March.