ÇAĞDAŞ SANATTA GENETİK

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 109 - 125, 30.06.2020

Figen Girgin

https://doi.org/10.22252/ijca.672228

Cited By: 2

Öz

Genetik sanat, DNA’yı içeren sanattır. Sanatta genetik, uzun bir süre önce daha çok bir fotoğrafçı olarak bilinen Edward Steichen’ın, 1936’da MoMA’da hibrit delfinyum çiçeklerini sergilemesi ile varlığını göstermesine rağmen, son yirmi yıldır daha çok ilgi görmektedir. Günümüzde bilgisayarın hızı, veri depolamadaki iyileştirmeler, çizim programlarındaki çeşitlilik, dijital araçlarda maliyetin azalması gibi nedenler teknolojiye ve biyoteknolojiye yakınlığı arttırmanın yanı sıra bilimsel keşiflere duyulan merak, bilimsel uygulamaları estetik geleneği içinde yorumlama isteği, sanat ve bilimi aynı paydada buluşturuyor. Vücudun genetiğinden ve genetik üzerine yapılan araştırmalardan etkilenen bazı sanatçılar, genetiğe yönelik otoradyograflar ve kromozomlar gibi görsel imgeler ve işaretleri kullanırlar. Sanatçılar bazen DNA’nın bilinen formundan etkilenirken; bazen bir kişinin genetik kodları ve oranı türe özgü olan; A (adenin), T (timin) , G (guanin), C (sitozin)’in harflerinin sembolik olarak gösterilmesi ile yaratım sürecine girmektedirler. Çoğunlukla ten üzerine odaklanan sanat için, bedenin içyapısı, soyut dünyası sanatsal açıdan oldukça verimlidir. Betimsel tarama modelli olan bu araştırmada genetiğin çağdaş sanattaki yeri, DNA’ya odaklanan bazı sanatçıların yapıtları ışığında değerlendirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Genetik, Biyo-sanat, DNA, Çağdaş Sanat, Sanat

GENETIC IN CONTEMPORARY ART

Öz

Genetic art is the art involving DNA. Genetics in art has long attracted much attention over the past two
decades, although Edward Steichen, known as a photographer, exhibited hybrid delfinium flowers at MoMA
long ago in 1936. Today, the reasons such as the speed of the computer, data storage improvements, diversity
of drawing programs, the cost of digital tools increase in technology and biotechnology, as well as the curiosity
of scientific discoveries, the desire to interpret scientific applications in the aesthetic tradition, art and science
brings together in the same field. Some artists who are affected by the genetics of the body and research on
genetics use visual images and signs such as autoradiographs and chromosomes. Artists are sometimes
influenced by the known form of DNA; sometimes a person's genetic codes and proportion are speciesspecific; A (adenine), T (thymine), G (guanine), C (cytosine) letters are entered into the process of creation by
symbolic display. For art, which mostly focuses on the skin, the body's internal structure and abstraction are
artistically efficient. In this descriptive survey model, the place of genetics in contemporary art has been
evaluated in the light of the works of some artists focusing on DNA.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Genetics, Bio-art, DNA, Contemporary Art, Art

Kaynakça

• Andrews, B. L. (2007). Art As A Public Policy Medium. E.Kac (Ed.), Signs of Life: Bio Art And Beyond içinde (s. 125-149). Massachusetts Londra: Leonardo, The MIT Press Cambridge. https://www.digitalartarchive.at/fileadmin/user_upload/Virtualart/PDF/360_Signs_of_Life_-_Bio_Art_and_Beyond.PDF
• Anker, S. (2000). Gene Culture: Molecular Metaphor in Visual Art. Leonardo,33(5), 371-375, Eighth New York Digital Salon. https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/1576881.pdf?ab_segments=0%252Fbasic_expensive%252Fcontrol&refreqid=excelsior%3A61385b80afd48158808802ae1bbfddca
• Anker, S., vd. (2008). Technogenesis: Aesthetic Dimensions of Art and Biotechnology. B. A. Lustig, B. A. Brody ve G.P. McKenny (Ed.), Altering Nature Volume One: Concepts of Nature And the Natural in Biotechnology Debates içinde (s.275-321). Springer Science + Business Media B.V, ISBN 978-1-4020-6920-8 e-ISBN 978-1-4020-6921-5 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-6921-5. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-1-4020-6921-5.pdf
• BBC News (2001, 19 Eylül). Gallery Puts DNA in the Frame. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1550864.stm (Erişim: 30.11.2019).
• Eskin, B. (2001, Aralık). Building the Bioluminescent Bunny. ARTnews, 100(11), 118-119. https://www.ekac.org/artnews2001.html (Erişim: 30.11.2019).
• Fineberg, J. (2014). 1940’tan Günümüze Sanat: Varlık Stratejileri. (S.Atay-Eskier, G. E. Yılmaz, Çev.). İzmir: Karakalem Kitabevi Yayınları.
• Gedrim, R. J. (2007). Edward Steichen’s 1936 Exhibition of Delphinium Blooms: An Art of Flower Breeding. E. Kac (Ed.), Signs of Life: Bio Art and Beyond içinde (s. 347-369). Massachusetts Londra: Leonardo, The MIT Press Cambridge. https://www.digitalartarchive.at/fileadmin/user_upload/Virtualart/PDF/360_Signs_of_Life_-_Bio_Art_and_Beyond.PDF
• Gessert, G. (1993). Notes on Genetic Art. Leonardo, 26(3), 205-211. https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/1575812.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3A40a407c62281c24d14b95659cf94d7f0
• Gessert, G. (1999). A History of Art İnvolving Dna. G. Stocker ve C. Schöpf (Ed.), Proceedings of Ars Electronica 99: LifeScience içinde. New York, Viyana: Springer. ISBN: 3-211-83368-4 http://archive.aec.at/media/assets/c9acaef6b57fa517210b9e457c013c2f.pdf
• Gessert, G. (2007). Why I Breed Plants. E. Kac (Ed.), Signs of Life: Bio Art and Beyond içinde (s. 185-197). Massachusetts Londra: Leonardo, The MIT Press Cambridge. https://www.digitalartarchive.at/fileadmin/user_upload/Virtualart/PDF/360_Signs_of_Life_-_Bio_Art_and_Beyond.PDF
• Gessert, G. (t.y.). Genetics and Culture. http://geneticsandculture.com/genetics_culture/pages_genetics_culture/gc_w02/gc_w02_gessert.htm (Erişim: 01.12.2019).
• In vivo (t.y.). Tıp Terimleri Sözlüğü. https://www.tipterimlerisozlugu.com/invivo.html (Erişim: 01.12.2019).
• Kac, E. (1999). Transgenic Art. G. Stocker ve C. Schöpf (Ed.), Proceedings of Ars Electronica 99: LifeScience içinde. New York, Viyana: Springer. ISBN: 3-211-83368-4 http://archive.aec.at/media/assets/04f63a01493370ca61ae1ef31e0f05d6.pdf
• Kac, E. (1999). Genesis. G. Stocker ve C. Schöpf (Ed.), Proceedings of Ars Electronica 99: LifeScience içinde. New York, Viyana: Springer. ISBN: 3-211-83368-4 http://archive.aec.at/media/assets/8c3f348513ccf819c79fc556597faf31.pdf
• Kac, E. (2007). Art That Looks You in the Eye: Hybrids, Clones, Mutants, Synthetics, and Transgenics. E. Kac (Ed.), Signs of Life: Bio Art and Beyond içinde (s. 1-27). Massachusetts Londra: Leonardo, The MIT Press Cambridge. https://www.digitalartarchive.at/fileadmin/user_upload/Virtualart/PDF/360_Signs_of_Life_-_Bio_Art_and_Beyond.PDF
• Kac, E. (2007). Life Transformation-Art Mutation. E. Kac (Ed.), Signs of Life: Bio Art and Beyond içinde (s. 163-184). Massachusetts Londra: Leonardo, The MIT Press Cambridge. https://www.digitalartarchive.at/fileadmin/user_upload/Virtualart/PDF/360_Signs_of_Life_-_Bio_Art_and_Beyond.PDF
• Kevin Clarke Web Site (t.y.). Recent Works. http://www.kevinclarke.com/portraits/recent-works/ (Erişim: 01.12.2019).
• Kremers, D. (2007). Repro duction. E. Kac (Ed.), Signs of Life: Bio Art and Beyond içinde (s. 295-300). Massachusetts Londra: Leonardo, The MIT Press Cambridge. https://www.digitalartarchive.at/fileadmin/user_upload/Virtualart/PDF/360_Signs_of_Life_-_Bio_Art_and_Beyond.PDF
• Larry Miller Web Site (t.y.). Creative Time/DNAid. http://creativetime.org/programs/archive/2000/DNAidBillboard/dnaid/copyright.html (Erişim: 01.12.2019).
• Marc Quinn Web Site (t.y.). Artworks, Self. http://marcquinn.com/artworks/single/self-1991 (Erişim: 01.12.2019).
• Miller, S. (1996, Şubat). Portrait of Isabel Goldsmith. Leonardo, 29(1), 73. https://muse.jhu.edu/article/607174/pdf
• Mitchell, R. E. (2010). Bioart and the Vitality of Media. Seattle, Washington: The University of Washington Press. https://books.google.com.tr/books?id=FsDXCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA12&dq=bio+art&hl=tr&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiHy6y5t5nmAhVCZcAKHWitAkEQ6AEISjAE#v=onepage&q=bio%20art&f=false
• Nelkin, D. ve Anker, S. (2002, 1 Aralık). The Influence of Genetics on Contemporary Art. Nature Publishing Group, 3, 967-971. https://www.academia.edu/6200087/The_influence_of_genetics_on_contemporary_art (Erişim: 29.11.2019).
• Nelkin, D. (2007). Blood and Bioethics in the Biotechnology Age. E. Kac (Ed.), Signs of Life: Bio Art and Beyond içinde (s. 115-123). Massachusetts Londra: Leonardo, The MIT Press Cambridge. https://www.digitalartarchive.at/fileadmin/user_upload/Virtualart/PDF/360_Signs_of_Life_-_Bio_Art_and_Beyond.PDF
• Osthoff, S. (2001, Ekim). Eduardo Kac’s Genesis: Biotechnology Between the Verbal, the Visual, the Auditory, and the Tactile. Installation Julia Friedman Gallery, Chicago, U.S.A. Leonardo Digital Reviews. http://www.ekac.org/osthoffldr.html
• Quinn, M. (2007). Genomic Portrait. E. Kac (Ed.), Signs of Life: Bio Art and Beyond içinde (s. 309-311). Massachusetts Londra: Leonardo, The MIT Press Cambridge. https://www.digitalartarchive.at/fileadmin/user_upload/Virtualart/PDF/360_Signs_of_Life_-_Bio_Art_and_Beyond.PDF
• Read, S. (t.y.). Suzanne Anker. Art and Science Journal. https://www.artandsciencejournal.com/post/43496911472/suzanne-anker-the-work-of-suzanne-anker-finds (Erişim: 01.12.2019).
• Reichle, I. (2007). Art in the Age of Biotechnology : Scientific Images in Contempoarary Art. Reinhard Heil, vd. (Ed.), Tensions and Convergences: Technological and Aesthetic Transformations of Society içinde. Bielefeld: Transcript Verlag. https://books.google.com.tr/books?id=Zci8hqYsw_0C&pg=PA94&lpg=PA94&dq=suzanne+anker+zoosemiotics&source=bl&ots=D0PV4NynH4&sig=ACfU3U1r36imvh59-2kGomsFRcPaRkkFwQ&hl=tr&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjY1p-Ki4PmAhUHIsAKHYWhA_MQ6AEwD3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=suzanne%20anker%20zoosemiotics&f=false
• Rose, B. (t.y.). Dennis Ashbaugh: The Content of Abstraction. http://www.cpnas.org/collections/dennis-ashbaugh.html (Erişim: 01.12.2019).
• Stafford, B. M. (2007). From Genetic Perspective to Biohistory: The Ambiguities of Looking Down, Across, and Beyond. E. Kac (Ed.), Signs of Life: Bio Art and Beyond içinde (s. 373-386). Massachusetts Londra: Leonardo, The MIT Press Cambridge. https://www.digitalartarchive.at/fileadmin/user_upload/Virtualart/PDF/360_Signs_of_Life_-_Bio_Art_and_Beyond.PDF
• Stocker, G. (t.y.). Uprising. https://www.ekac.org/stocker.html Orijinali Catalogue of Genesis (1999). O.K. Center for Contemporary Art içinde ( s.41-43) yayınlanmıştır.
• Whitham, G. ve Pooke, G. (2013). Çağdaş Sanatı Anlamak. (T. Göbekçin, Çev.). İstanbul: Optimist Yayınları.