Petrographical and Sedimentological Study of Balambo Formation at Northeastern Iraq

Öz

This study was carried out for Balambo Formation (Valanginian  - Turonian). Area of study alocated within Azmir anticline at Sulaimaniya area at northeastern Iraq. From petrography study, it was found that the radiolaria forming the main skeletal such as; Novixitus mclaughlini, Archaeodictyomitra simplex, Xitus spinosus, Paronaella ewingi, Cryptamphorella conara, Rhopalosyringium hispidum, Crucella messinae and Vitorfus morini  .  While  the planktonic foraminifera such as; Globigerinelloides bentonensis, Globigerinelloides ultramicus,   Planoheterohelix globulosal, Hedbergella (Asterohedbergela), Planomalina buxtorfi, Ticinella praeticinensis and Calcispheres in second order. The ground mass formed of gray to brown micrite. The rocks effected by diagenetic processes with many types like silicification, recrystallization, cementation, and dissolution. According to Microfacies analysis study, the recognized main facies are tow: lime mudstone and lime wackstone. These facies divided into four submicrofacies: radiolarian lime mudstone submicrofacies, calcispheratic lime mudstone submicrofacies, radiolarian lime wackestone submicrofacies and Globigerinelloids lime wackestone submicrofacies. Based on facies and petrographic studies, its deposited within deep sea (Bathyal Zone) .  

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Balambo Formation Facies Analysis Northern Iraq Sedimentology

Kaynakça

1. [1] T.D.Adams, M. Khalili, M.K.Said, “Stratigraphic Significance of Some Oligosteginid Assemblages from Lurestan Province – Northwest Iran”, Micropaleoeontology, Vol. 13, 1967, pp.55-67.
2. [2] S.I. Al-Dulaimi, T.A.Mahdi, “Mid Cretaceous radiolarians from the Balambo Formation NE-Iraq”, Iraqi journal of science, Vol.49,2008, pp.132-139.
3. [3] F. Al-khadhimi, V.Sissakian, D.A. Dhikran and A.U. Duraid, “Tectonic Map of Iraq”,1996, Geosurvey, Baghdad Iraq.
4. [4] B.M. Ameen, K.H. Karim, “Depositional environment of Early Cretaceous Arabian Platform: An Eexample from Kurdistan region, NE-Iraq”, Proceeding of 3rd scientific conference of the College of Science, University of Baghdad, 2009,pp. 1949-1961.
5. [5] A.M. Awad, “Mineralogical and Geochemical study of Balambo Formation, Sulaimaniya area”, Master thesis, Baghdad University – Faculty of Science, 2010 .
6. [6] Van. R.C. Bellen, H.V.Dunnington, R.Wetzel, D.M.Morton, “Lexique Stratigraphique International Asia, Fascicule, 10a”, Iraq, Centeral National deal Recherches Scientifique, Paris, 1959.
7. [7] B.A. Bishop, “Petrography and origin of Cretaceous limestones - Sierra De Picachos and Vicinity, Nuevo Leon,Mexico”, Journal of Sedimmentology Petro., Vol.42,1972, pp.270-286.
8. [8] C.M.G. Bolton, “ Geology investigation on the gravel area between Ad. Dair and Somaika near Baghdad”, 1959, Unpubl. Report, NIMCO, Baghdad, Iraq.

9. [9] T. Buday, “The Regional Geology of Iraq, Stratigraphy and Paleogeography”, Dar Al - Kutub Published, Mosul,1980.
10. [10] T. Buday, S.Z.Jassim, “Tectonic map of Iraq”, 1987, Scale 1:1000000, Geosurvey, Baghdad, Iraq.
11. [11] R.J. Dunham, “Classification of Carbonate Rocks According to Depositional Texture”,in: Ham, W.E. (eds.), Classification of Carbonate rocks, A.A.P.G.Memoir - 1, Tulsa, Okla, 1962.
12. [12] E. Flügel, “Microfacies of Carbonate Rock, Analysis, Interpretation and Application”, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2004. [13] K.H. Karim, K.M.Ismail, B.M. Ameen, “Lithostratigraphic study of the Contact between Kometan and Shiranish Formations (Upper Cretaceous) from Sulaimani Governorate, Kurdistan Region, NE-Iraq”, Iraqi Bulletin of Geology and Mining, Vol.4,2008, pp. 2-17.
13. [14] H. K. Karim. A.M.Surdashy, “Tectonic and depositional history of Upper Cretaceous Tanjero Formation in Sulaimaniya Area, NE-Iraq”, Journal of Zankoy Sulaimani, Vol.8, 2005, pp.47-61.
14. [15] K.A. Ma’ ala, K.A. Hassan, A.A.G. Al- khateeb, “ Semi-detailed geological survey of jabal Azmir –Choarta area”, state company of geological survey and mining, 2004 Report No.2885.
15. [16] N.M.S. Numan, 1997. “A plate Tectonic Senario for the Phanerozoic Succession in Iraq”, Iraqi Geology Journal, Vol.2,1997, pp. 85-110. [17] R.C. Selley, “Applied Sedimentology”, Academic Press, 2000. [18] J.L. Wilson, “Carbonate Facies in Geologic History”, Springer-Verlag, Berl in, 1975.