Comparison of Micrometeorological Methods used for the Determination of Actual Evapotranspiration

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 13 - 22, 25.05.2018

Levent Şaylan , Yunus Özkoca Barış Çaldağ , Fatih Bakanoğulları

https://doi.org/10.26558/ijcst.392854

Cited By: 2

https://izlik.org/JA92RC49XD

Öz

Comparison
of Micrometeorological Methods used for the Determination of Actual
Evapotranspiration

Levent
ŞAYLAN¹, Yunus Özkoca^2*, Barış Çaldağ¹, Fatih
Bakanoğulları³

¹Istanbul
Technical University, Faculty of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Department of
Meteorological Engineering, İstanbul

*Antalya Provincial Disaster and Emergency Directorate,

 Antalya

³Atatürk
Soil Water and Agricultural Meteorology Research Institute, Kırklareli

^*

^* Corresponding
Author: [e-mail] 

Abstract:  Among upmost important effects of climatic variability and change are the related variations in type, amount and timing of precipitation at global or regional scales. This aspect causes different effects from the agricultural point of view.  Among these effects the drought phenomenon comes to the forefront.  Efforts on eliminating the agricultural drought problem are mainly made by irrigation.  That’s why the upmost important portion of available water is consumed by agricultural irrigation, globally. Concordantly, the evapotranspiration plays a crucial role on determination of the irrigation water requirement for agriculture and planning the related systems. Usage of the methods on direct measurement of actual evapotranspiration by global means, however; is quite scarce.  In this study, the Bowen Ratio Energy Balance and micrometeorological Eddy Covariance Methods, which are widely in use for the measurement of actual evapotranspiration, have been used within the 2009-2010 wheat growing season in Kırklareli. In conclusion, a comparative evaluation of these approaches was done for the advantages and disadvantages by means of their determination abilities of actual evapotranspiration.

Key
words:  Evaporation,
Evapotranspiration, Bowen Ratio, Energy Balance, Eddy Covariance

Anahtar Kelimeler

Evaporation , Evapotranspiration , Bowen Ratio , Energy Balance , Eddy Covariance

Kaynakça

• Attarod, P., Aoki, M., Bayramzadeh, V. and Ahmadi, M.T. 2011. Micrometeorological observations above a Japanese red pine forest within the growing season. Turkish Journal of Agriculture, 35: 597-609.
• Bezerra, B.G. 2012. Crop evapotranspiration and water use efficiency. Irrigation Systems and practices in Challenging Environments, 9: 57-76.
• Bowen, I.S. 1926. The ratio of heat lossesby conduction and by evaporation from any water surface. Physical Review, 27: 779-787.
• Burba, G. and Anderson, D. 2013. A brief practical guide to Eddy Covariance flux measurements. Lincoln, pp. 6-28, LI-COR Biosciences, Nebraska.
• Cheng, C., Nnadi, F. and Liou, Y. 2014. Energy budget on various land use areas using reanalysis data in Florida. Advances in Meteorology, 2014: 1-13.
• Dicken, U., Cohen, S. and Tanny, J. 2013. Examination of the Bowen ratio energy balance technique for evapotranspiration estimates in screenhouses. Biosystems Engineering, 114: 397-405.
• Fritschen, L.J. and Simpson, J.R. 1989. Surface energy balance and radiation systems: general description and improvements. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 28: 680-689.
• Fritschen, L.J. 2010. Accuracy of evapotranspiration determinations by the Bowen ratio method. Hydrological Science Journal, 2: 38-48.
• Guo, X., Zhang, H., Kang, L., Du, J., Li, W. and Zhu, Y. 2007. Quality control and flux gap filling strategy for Bowen ratio method: revisiting the Priestley-Taylor evaporation model. Environmental Fluid Mechanics, 7: 421-437.
• Inman-Bamber, N.G. and McGlinchey, M.G. 2003. Crop coefficient and water-use estimates for sugarcane based on long-term Bowen Ratio energy balance measurements. Field Crops Research, 83: 125-138.
• Khoomsab, K. and Khummongkol, P. 2011. Application of Bowen Ratio method for estimating fluxes of sulfate and nitrate aerosols. International Conference on Biology, Environment and Chemistry, Singapore, 2-4 November.
• Oke, T.R. 1987. Boundary Layer Climates. NY, 2, pp. 435, John Wiley and Sons, New York.
• Özkoca, Y. 2015. Determination of Energy Fluxes of Crops by using Micrometeorological Methods, İTÜ Graduate School of Sciende, Engineering and Technology, M. Sc. Thesis. pp 76.
• Pauwels, V.R.N. and Samson, R. 2006. Comparison of different methods to measure and model actual evapotranspiration rates for a wet sloping grassland. Agricultural Water Management, 82: 1-24.
• Poznikova, G., Trnka, M., Fischer, M., Orsag, M. and Zalud, Z. 2012. Applicability of Bowen Ratio Energy Balance method in fetch limited conditions. Mendelnet, Czech Republic, 21-22 November.
• Shi, T., Guan, D., Wu, J., Wang, A., Jin, C. and Han, S. 2008. Comparison of methods for estimating evapotranspiration rate of dry forest canopy: Eddy Covariance, Bowen Ratio Energy Balance, and Penman-Monteith Equation. Journal of Geophysical Research, 113: 1-15.
• Soares, J.M., De Azevedo, P.V. and Da Silva, B.B. 2007. Bowen Ratio-Energy Balance associated errors in vineyards under dripping irrigation. Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia, 22: 233-240.
• Spittlehouse, D.L. and Black, T.A. 2010. Evaluation of the Bowen Ratio Energy Balance Method for determining forest evapotranspiration. Atmosphere-Ocean, 2: 98-116.
• Şaylan, L. 2000. The effects of the environmental factors on the evapotranspiration in different growth phases of soybean. Journal for Land Management, Food and Environment, Die Bodenkultur, 51: 127-134.
• Şaylan, L., Bakanoğulları, F. and Çaldağ, B. 2012a. Investigation of the potential effects of climate change on crop growth by crop growth simulation models. Final report of the TÜBİTAK Project, code: 108O567, pp. 261, March 2012, Istanbul.
• Takagi, K., Kimura, R. and Şaylan, L. 2009. Variability of surface characteristics and energy flux patterns of sunn hemp under well-watered conditions. Theoretical and Applied Meteorology, 96: 261-273.
• Todd, R.W., Evett, S.R. and Howell, T.A. 2000. The Bowen Ratio-Energy Balance method for estimating latent heat flux of irrigated alfalfa evaluated in a semi-arid, advective environment. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 103: 335-348.
• Turkish State Meteorological Service, 2015. 2015, February 2). Statistics about cities. Accessed at: http://www.mgm.gov.tr
• Ünlü, M., Kanber, R., Diker, K. and Steduto, P. 2001. Comparing cotton evapotranspiration estimated by micrometeorological and water budget methods. Turkish Journal of Agriculture, 25: 329-335.
• Ünlü, M., Kanber, R. and Kapur, B. 2010. Comparison of soybean evapotranspirations measured by weighing lysimeter and Bowen Ratio Energy Balance method. African Journal of Biotechnology, 9: 4700-4713.
• Ünlü, M., Kanber, R., Koç, D.L., Özekici, B., Kekeç, U. et. al., 2014. Irrigation scheduling of grapefruit trees in a Mediterranean environment throughout evaluation of plant water status and evapotranspiration. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 38: 908-915.
• Wang, W., Xiao, W., Cao, C., Gao, Z., Hu, Z. Et. al., 2014. Temporal and spatial variations in radiation and energy balance across a large freshwater lake in China. Journal of Hydrology, 511: 811-824.
• Wever, L.A., Flanagan, L.B. and Carlson, P.J. 2002. Seasonal and interannual variation in evapotranspiration, energy balance and surface conductance in northern temperate grassland. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 112: 31-49.
• Xing, Z., Chow, L., Meng, F., Rees, H.W., Stevens, L. and Monteith, J. 2008. Validating evapotranspiration equation using Bowen Ratio in New Brunswick, Maritime, Canada. Sensors, 8: 412-428.