Mineral manipulation and antioxidative studies in carnation - Dianthus caryophyllus L.

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 28 - 35, 15.08.2017

Smita Purohit , Meghana Agarwal

https://doi.org/10.26558/ijcst.334683

Öz

The effect of ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) on shoot bud induction and proliferation from nodal explants of Dianthus caryophyllus L. was investigated. Shoot buds were induced on MS medium supplemented with 2.2µM BAP and 2.7µM NAA. The induced shoot buds were sub-cultured on medium with same hormonal composition for their proliferation. Both shoot bud induction and proliferation media were supplemented with different levels of NH4NO3 (0, 5.15, 10.3, 20.61*, 41.20 mM). NH4NO3 highly influenced the shoot bud formation and their subsequent proliferation. In the present investigation, NH4NO3 at one-fouth of MS level was found to be beneficial for controlling the hyperhydricity of regenerated shoots whereas the number of shoots was comparable to the control cultures. The MS or higher levels of NH4NO3 were observed to suppress healthy morphogenesis and resulted in increased hyperhydricity. The physiological disorder of hyperhydricity, commonly observed in carnation micropropagation, was also controlled with 100 % efficiency by reducing NH4NO3 at one-fouth of MS level. Antioxidant enzyme activity was minimum in normal and healthy shoots. The activity increased with increase in the number of hyperhydric shoots.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hyperhydricity, Carnation, Ammonium nitrate, Antioxidant enzyme, Shoot buds, Micropropogation

Kaynakça

• Aebi, H. 1974. Catalases. In: Bergmeyer, HU. (Ed.), Methods of Enzymatic Analysis, vol. 2. Academic Press, NY, pp. 673–684.
• Apel, K. and Hirt, H. 2004. Reactive Oxygen Species: Metabolism, oxidative stress, and signal transduction. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 55:373–99.
• Asada, K. 1999. The water-water cycle in chloroplasts: scavenging of active oxygens and dissipation of excess photons. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, 50:601–639.
• Beyer WF. and Fridovich, I. 1987. Assaying for superoxide disniutase activity: some large consequences of minor changes in conditions. Analytical Biochemistry, 161: 559-566.
• Brand, MH. 1993. Agar and ammonium nitrate influence hyperhydricity, tissue nitrate and total nitrogen content of serviceberry (Amelanchier arborea) shoots in vitro. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 35: 203-209.
• Cousson, A. and Van, KTT. 1993. Influence of ionic composition of the culture medium on de novo flower formation in tobacco thin cell layers. Canadian Journal of Botany, 71:506-511.
• Donelly, VA. and Vidaver, W. 1984. Leaf anatomy of red raspberry transferred from culture to soil. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 109: 172-176.
• Earle, ED. and Langhans, RW. 1975. Carnation propagation from shoot tips cultured in liquid medium. Horticultural Science, 10: 608-610.
• Franck, T., Kevers, C. and Gasper, T. 1995. Protective enzymatic systems against activated oxygen species compared in normal and hyperhydric shoots of Prunus avium L. raised in vitro. Plant Growth Regulators, 16:253-256.
• Frey, L. and Janick, J. 1991. Organogenesis in carnation. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 116:1108-1112.
• Gatierrez-Miceli, FA., Arias, L., Juarez-Rodriguez, N., Abud-Archila, M., Amaro-Reyes, A. and Dendooven, L. 2010. Optimization of growth regulators and silver nitrate for micropropagation of Dianthus caryophyllus L. with the aid of a response surface experimental design. In Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology-Plant, 46: 57-63.
• Ivanova, M. and van Staden, J. 2008. Effect of ammonium ions and cytokinins on hyperhydricity and multiplication rate of in vitro regenerated shoots of Aloe polyphylla. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 92:227–231.
• Jethwani, V. and Kothari, SL. 1996. Phenylacetic acid induced organogenesis in cultured leaf segments of Dianthus chinensis. Plant Cell Reports, 15:869-872.
• Kantia, A. and Kothari, SL. 2002. High efficiency adventitious shoot bud formation and plant regeneration from leaf explants of Dianthus chinensis L. Scientia Horticulture, 96:205-212.
• Kevers, C. and Gasper, T. 1986. Vitrification of carnation in vitro: change in water contents, extracellular space, air volume and ion levels. Physiologie végétale, 24:647-653.
• Kevers, C., Coumans, M., Coumans-gilles, MF. and Gasper, T. 1984. Physiological and biochemical events leading to vitrification of plants cultured in vitro. Physiologia Plantarum, 61:69-74.
• Kim, KW., Byun, MS. and Kang, MS. 1988. Effect of ABA and agar in preventing vitrification of carnation plantlets cultured in vitro. Journal of Korean Society of Horticulture Science, 29:208-215.
• Leonhardt, W. and Kandeler, R. 1987. Ethylene accumulation in culture vessels- a reason for vitrification?. Acta Horticulturae, 212:223-230.
• Li, Y., Wang, L., Ye, M., Shen, D., Li, Y., Wang. LH., Ye, MM. and Shen, DL. 1997. The factors influencing vitrification of tissue-cultured carnation plantlets. Plant Physiology Communications, 33:256-258.
• Modi, P., Sinha, A. and Kothari, SL. 2009. Reduction of hyperhydricity in micropropagated French Marigold (Tagetes patula L.) plants by modified medium parameters. Floriculture and Ornamental Biotechnology, 3:40-45.
• Murashige, T. and Skoog, F. 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiologia Plantarum,15:473-497.
• Murch, SJ., KrishnaRaj, S. and Saxena, PK. 2000. Phytomaceuticals: Mass production, standardization and conservation. Scientific Review of Alternative Medicine, 4:39-43.
• Niedz, RP. and Evens, TJ. 2007. Regulating plant tissue growth by mineral nutrition. In Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology-Plant, 43:370-381.
• Paek, KY., Han, BH. and Choi, SL. 1991. Physiological, biochemical and morphological characteristics of vitrified shoots regenerated in vitro. Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture, 3:151-162
• Pareek, A., Kantia, A. and Kothari, SL. 2004. In vitro cloning of ornamental species of Dianthus. Indian Journal of Biotechnology, 3:263-266.
• Racusen, D. and Foote, M. 1965. Protein synthesis in dark-grown bean leaves. Canadian Journal of Botany, 43:817-824.
• Rojas-Martínez, L., Visser, RGF., and De Klerk, GJ. 2010. The hyperhydricity syndrome: waterlogging of plant tissues as a major cause. Propagation of Ornamental Plants, 10:169-175.
• Saher, S., Piqueras, A., Hellin, E. and Olmos, E. 2004. Hyperhydricity in micropropagted carnation shoots: the role of oxidative stress. Physiologia Plantarum, 120:152.
• Saric, M., Mezei, S. and Ruzic, D. 1995. Genetic aspects of mineral nutrition of plants grown in vitro. Archives of Biological Sciences, 47:1-12.
• Sutter, E. and Langerhans, LW. 1979. Epicuticular wax formation on carnation plantlets regenerated from shoot tip culture. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 104:493-496.
• Thakur, M., Sharma, DR. and Sharma, SK. 2002. In vitro regeneration of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) plants resistant to culture filtrate of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi. Plant Cell Reports, 20:825-828.
• Tsay, H., Tsay, HS. and Drew, RA. 1998. Effect of medium compositions at different recultures on vitrification of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) in vitro shoot proliferation. Acta Horticulturae, 461:243-249.
• van Altvorst, AC., Yancheva, S. and Dons, H. 1995. Cells within the nodal region of carnation shoots exhibits a high potential for adventitious shoot formation. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 40:151-157.
• Watad, AA., Ahroni, A., Shejtman, H., Nissim, A. and Vainstein. A. 1996. Adventitious shoot formation from carnation stem segments: a comparison of different culture procedures. Scientia Horticulture, 65:313-320.
• Wetzstein, HY. and Sommer, HE. 1982. Leaf anatomy of tissue cultured Liquidambar stryraciflua during acclimatization. American Journal of Botany, 69:1579-1586.