Günümüzün değişen koşullarına göre Türkiye'de eğitim eşitliğinin incelenmesi

Öz

Eğitim, ülkelerin gelişmişlik düzeyini etkileyen itici bir güç olması sebebiyle öncelikle ele alınması gereken konular arasında değerlendirilmektedir. Eğitimin, toplumun tüm kesimlerinden bireylerin potansiyellerine ulaşması için önemli bir ihtiyaç olduğu yadsınamaz bir gerçektir. Böylelikle yüksek eğitim seviyesi sayesinde gelişen toplumlar ülkelerin ilerlemesine doğrudan katkıda bulunmaktadırlar. Eğitim ile ilgili ortaya çıkan sorunların çözümü noktasında pek çok politika yürürlüğe konmuştur. Ancak, eğitimde uygulanan politikaların eski sorunları çözmek yerine yeni sorunlar yarattığına dair endişeler de bulunmaktadır. Çözüm önerileri üretebilmek için öncelikle problem durumlarının anlaşılması büyük bir öneme sahiptir. Bu sebeple bu derleme çalışması Türkiye'de eğitim eşitliğini günümüzün değişen koşullarını göz önünde bulundurarak incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Eğitim eşitsizliği açısından problem arz eden durumların yoksulluk, cinsiyet ve engellilik kategorilerinde toplandığı tespit edilmiştir. Türkiye'de okuma-yazma oranı geçmişten günümüze kadar önemli oranda artış göstermiştir. Fakat diğer taraftan, kırsal kesimde kız çocuklarının okullaşma oranının düşük olması gibi kronik sorunlar da nispeten devam etmektedir. Kırsal bölgeler ile şehirlerdeki imkânlar arasındaki farkın azaltılması ihtiyacı bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca özel gereksinimli çocukların eğitime katılımının artırılması gerektiği göze çarpmaktadır. Bu anlamda, Türkiye'de eğitim eşitliğinin araştırılması politika önerileri ve gelecekteki araştırmalar için yol göstermesi açısından önemli görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada ilk olarak Türkiye'de eğitim eşitliğinin tarihçesi anlatılmış, daha sonra eğitimde eşitsizliğe maruz kalan hassas gruplar ayrıntılı olarak incelenerek literatür bağlamında tartışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Eğitim
• kalkınma
• eşitlik
• sosyal politika
• eğitim politikası

An investigation of education equality in Türkiye according to today’s changing conditions

Öz

Education is a driving force that affects the development level of countries and therefore needs to be addressed in the first place. All segments of society need education in order to reach their potential. In this way, the development of society will enable countries to progress. Many policies have been carried out to solve the problems regarding education. However, there are concerns that the policies implemented in education are creating new problems rather than solving old ones. In order to produce solutions, it is necessary first to understand the problem situation. Therefore, this review study aims to investigate education equality in Türkiye. Poverty, gender, and disability are found as the categories in which problem situations accumulate in terms of education inequality. The literacy rate in Türkiye has increased significantly from the past to the present. However, on the other hand, chronic problems such as the low enrollment rate of girls in rural areas relatively continue to persist. There is a need to reduce the gap between opportunities in rural areas and cities. It is also evident that the participation of children with special needs in education should be increased. Thus, investigating education equality in Türkiye is crucial for policy recommendations and future research. In this study, firstly, the history of education equality in Türkiye was explained, then the vulnerable groups exposed to inequality in education were examined in detail and discussed in the context of the literature.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• : Education
• development
• equality
• social policy
• educational policy

Kaynakça

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