İran Ekonomisindeki Sektörlerin Toplam Faktör Verimliliğinin Ölçülmesi: Malmquist Endeks Analizi

Öz

Verimliliğin, ülkelerin büyümesinde ve rekabet gücünün artmasında önemli ve etkili bir rolü vardır. Bu çalışmada, Malmquist verimlilik endeksi kullanılarak, 2012-2017 yılları arasında İran ekonomisinin üç önemli sektöründe (tarım, sanayi ve hizmetler) üretim faktörlerinin toplam faktör verimlilik büyüme trendi incelenmiştir. Sonuçlar, çalışma döneminde, sanayi sektörü dışındaki tüm ekonomik sektörlerde toplam faktör verimlilik değişimlerinin teknolojik değişikliklere bağlı olduğunu ve sanayi sektöründe, hem teknik etkinlik hem de teknolojik değişikliklerin bu sektörün verimliliğini etkilediğini göstermiştir. Buna göre, tarım sektöründeki toplam faktör verimliliğinin büyümesi %1,5 azalmayla negatif bir seyir izlerken, sanayi ve hizmetler sektörlerinde sırasıyla %7 ve %11,3 artışla pozitif bir eğilim izlemiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İktisadi sektörler
• Etkinlik
• Verimlilik
• Malmquist Endeksi
• Teknolojik Değişme
• İran

Measurement of Total Factor Productivity in Iranian Economic Sectors: Malmquist Index Analysis

Öz

Productivity has an important and effective role in the growth of production and increasing the competitiveness of countries. In this study, using the Malmquist productivity index, the total productivity growth trend of production factors in three important sectors of the Iranian economy (agriculture, industry and services) during the years 2012-2017 have been discussed. The results showed that during the study period total factors productivity changes in all economic sectors except the industrial sector are due to technological changes, and in the industrial sector, both technical efficiency and technological changes have affected the productivity of this sector. Therefore, the growth of total factor productivity in the agricultural sector has had a negative trend with a decrease of 1.5% and in industry and services has had a positive trend with 7% and 11.3%, respectively.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Economic Sectors
• Efficiency
• Productivity
• Malmquist Index
• Technological Change
• Iran

Kaynakça

1. Ahmadi, M. (2011). Measuring the environmental efficiency of thermal power plants in Iran by Data Envelopment Analysis Method and comparing with selected OECD countries. (M.A. Thesis), Tehran University Press, Tehran, Iran.
2. Alirezaei, M.R. and AFSHARIAN, M. (2007). A Combınatıon Method For Measuring TFP Growth Using DEA Models and Tornquist Productivity Index; With an Application to the NIOC. Modarres Human Sciences, 11(3), 137-156.
3. Amirteymouri, S.and KHALILIAN, S. (2010). The Growth of Total Factors Productivity in Iran’s Important Sectors During the First, the Second and the Third Development Plans. Eqtesad-E Keshavarzi Va Towse'e, 18(3), 141-162.
4. Araujo, J. A., FEITOSA, D.G. and da SILVA, A.B. (2014). Latin America: Total Factor Productivity and its Components. Cepal Review 114, 51-65.
5. Atrkar Roshan, S., Moosavi, M.H. and Rasouli, F. (2015). Measuring and Analyzing the Productivity Index and Evaluation Of Industrial Performance (Kordestan Province). Journal of the Macro and Strategic Policies, 3(9), 97-121.
6. Central Bank of Iran, (2020), https://www.cbi.ir/page/16410.aspx (08.07.2020).
7. Chambers, R. G. (1998), Applied Production Analysis: A Dual Approach. Cambridge University Press, England.
8. Charnes, A., Cooper, W.W. and Rhodes, E. (1978). Measuring the Efficiency of Decision Making Units. European Journal of Operational Research, 2(6), 429-444.

9. Coelli, T. J. (1996). A Guide to DEAP Version 2.1: A Data Envelopment Analysis (Computer) Program, CEPA Working Papers. No. 8.
10. Coelli, T. J., Rao, D.S.P., O'Donnell, C. J. and Battese, G. E. (1998). An Introduction to Efficiency and Productivity Analysis. Springer press, USA.
11. Dashti Moghaddam, M. (1997). Estimating the productivity of capital stock in the agricultural sector. (M.A. Thesis), Tehran University, Tehran, Iran.
12. Ding, S., Guariglia, A. and Harris, R. (2016). The Determinants of Productivity in Chinese Large and Medium-Sized Industrial Firms, 1998–2007. Journal of Productivity Analysis, 45(2), 131-155.
13. Emamimeibodi, A. (2000). Principles of Measuring Efficiency and Productivity. Institute of Business Studies and Research Press, Tehran, Iran.
14. Emamimeibodi, A., Moahammadi, T. and Behrooz, A. (2015). Measuring Efficiency and Productivity in Iranian Natural Gas Refineries. Quarterly Journal of Economic Sciences, 9(30), 59-81.
15. Fan, S. (1991). Effects of Technological Change and Institutional Reform on Production Growth in Chinese Agriculture. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 73(2), 266-275.
16. Fare, R., Grosskopf, S., Norrıs, M. and Zhang, Z. (1994). Productivity Growth, Technical Progress, and Efficiency Change in Industrialized Countries. American Economic Review, 84(1), 66–83.
17. Farrell, M. J. (1957). The Measurement of Productive Efficiency. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A (General),120(3), 253-290.
18. Haggar, M. H. (2011). TFP Growth, Technological Progress and Efficiencies Change Empirical Evidence from Canadian Manufacturing Industries. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 60(4), 360-371.
19. Heidari, K. (1999). Total Factor Productivity of Wheat in Markazi Province. Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development, 7(28), 137-157.
20. Isazadeh, S. and Soofi Majidpour, M. (2017). Total Factor Productivity Growth, Technological Progress and Efficiency Changes: Empirical Evidence of Iranian Manufacturing Industries. Quarterly Journal of Economic Modeling, 11(4), 29-48.
21. Jahangard, E., Taee, H. and Naderi, M. (2012). Analysis of Total Factor Productivity in Iran: An Intersectoral Linkage Approach. Iranian Journal Of Trade Studies, 16(63), 51-85.
22. Kafaie, S.M.A and Bagherzadeh, M. (2016). The Impact Of Key Macroeconomic Variables on TFP in Iran. Journal of Economic Research and Policies, 24(79), 215-243.
23. Krueger, J., Cantner, U. and Hanusch, H. (1998). Explaining International Productivity Differences. Discussion Paper Series 179, Universitaet Augsburg, Institute for Economics.
24. Kula, V., Kandemir, T. and Özdemir, L. (2009). DEA Malmquist Total Factor Productivity Measure: A Research on the Cement Companies Quoted to IMKB. The Journal of Social Economic Research, 9(17), 186-202.
25. Lorcu, F. (2010). Malmquist Producticity Index: An Application of Turkish Automotive Industry. Istanbul University Journal of the School of Business Administration, 39(2), 276-289.
26. Mao, W. and Koo, W. W. (1997). Productivity Growth, Technological Progress, and Efficiency Change in Chinese Agriculture After Rural Economic Reforms: A DEA Approach. China Economic Review, 8(2), 157-174.
27. Nghiem, H.S. and Coelli, T. (2002). The Effect of Incentive Reforms Upon Productivity: Evidence From the Vietnamese Rice Industry. Journal of Development Studies, 39(1), 74-93.
28. Salami, H. (1997). Concepts and Measurement of Productivity in Agriculture. Agricultural Economics and Development, 18, 7-31.
29. Solow, R. M. (1957). Technical Change and the Aggregate Production Function. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 39(3), 312-320.
30. Statistical Center of Iran, (2020). https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/News/1397/sh-bazar.pdf(22.07.2020).
31. Vu, L.H. (2012). Vietnam’s Agricultural Productivity: A Malmquist Index Approach, MPRA Paper 94800, University Library of Munich, Germany.