Araştırma Makalesi
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Analysis of Spatio-temporal Land Use/Land Cover Change: Case of Izmir, Turkey

Yıl 2020, , 308 - 324, 15.12.2020

İpek Karaali , Ebru Ersoy Tonyaloğlu , Birsen Kesgin Atak , Engin Nurlu

https://doi.org/10.47898/ijeased.800037
Cited By: 3

Öz

This study aims to analyze the changes in land use/land cover (LU/LC) using landscape metrics in Karşıyaka, Bayraklı, Konak and Bornova districts of Izmir metropolitan city, where the rapid urbanization was experienced together with population growth between 1990 and 2019. LU/LC maps were derived from Landsat 4-5 TM and Landsat 8 satellite images of 1990 and 2019 using object-based classification method. LU/LC change has been detected and interpreted in FRAGSTATS software using 9 core landscape metrics at class level. According to our results, the largest change in LU/LC was the increase in artificial surfaces. The rapid increase in industrial and residential areas of artificial surfaces disrupted the integrity of the natural landscape and caused fragmentation, perforation and isolation in the natural landscape elements in the study area.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Remote sensing Landscape metrics Landsat satellite images Land use/land cover Object based classification

Kaynakça

  • Aguilera, F., Valenzuela, L. M. and Botequilha-Leitão, A., (2011). Landscape metrics in the analysis of urban land use patterns: A case study in a Spanish metropolitan area. Landscape and Urban Planning, 99 (3-4), 226- 238.
  • Alphan, H., (2003). Land‐use change and urbanization of Adana, Turkey. Land Degrad. Dev., 14, 575-586.
  • ASTER, Global DEM Missions, (2016). https://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/mission.asp, (Erişim Tarihi: 1 Haziran 2020).
  • Atak, Kesgin, B., (2020). Analyzing Urban Landscape Structure Changes Using Landscape Metrics; The Case of Izmir. Ege Üniv. Ziraat Fak. Derg., 57 (1), 119-128.
  • Barredo, J. I., Kasanko, M., Mccormick, N. and Lavalle, C., (2003-b). Modelling Dynamic Spatial Processes: Simulation of Urban Future Scenarios Through Cellular Automata, Landscape and Urban Planning, 64 (3), 145-160.
  • Barredo, J. I., Lavalle, C., Demichel, L., Kasanko, M. and Mccormik, N., (2003-a). Sustainable Urban and Regional Planning: The MOLAND Activities on Urban Scenario Modeling and Forecast, EC Joint Research Centre Institute for Environment and Sustainability, 54.
  • Botequilha Leitão, A., Miller, J., Ahern, J. and McGarigal, K. (Eds.)., (2006). Measuring Landscapes: A Professional Planner’s Manual, Washington, D.C.: Island Press.
  • Bürgi, M., Hersperger, A. M. and Schneeberger, N., (2004). Driving Forces of Landscape ChangeCurrent and New Directions, Landscape Ecology, 19 (8), 857-868.
  • Congalton, R. G. and Green, K., (1999). Assessing the Accuracy of Remotely Sensed Data Principles and Practices. Boca Raton: Lewis Publisher.
  • Deng, J. S., Wang, K., Hong, Y. and Qi, J. G., (2009). Spatio-temporal dynamics and evolution of land use change and landscape pattern in response to rapid urbanization. Landscape and Urban Planning, 92 (3-4), 187-198.
  • DiBari, J.N., (2007). Evaluation of five landscape-level metrics for measuring the effects of urbanization on landscape structure: the case of Tucson, Arizona, USA. Landscape and Urban Planning, 79(3-4), 308-313.
  • Ersoy, E., (2019). Assessment of Road-Induced Landscape Fragmentation and Implications for Landscape Planning: The Case of Izmir Province, Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 9 (3), 699-709.
  • ESRI, (2019). ArcGIS 10.7 Software, Environmental Systems Research Institute, Redlands, CA.
  • Foody, G., (2002). Status of land cover classification accuracy assessment, Remote Sensing of Environment, 80 (1), 185-201.
  • Geospatial, T., (2015). eCognition Developer 9.1 Software, Trimble Navigation Limited, United States of America.
  • Gustafson, E. J., (1998). Quantifying Landscape Spatial Pattern: What Is the State of the Art?, Ecosystems, 1, 143-156.
  • Haščič I. and Mackie, A., (2018). Land Cover Change and Conversions: Methodology and Results for OECD and G20 Countries. Paris: OECD Publishing.
  • Herold, M., Couclelis, H., and Clarke, K.C., (2005). The role of spatial metrics in the analysis and modeling of urban land use change. Computers, environment and urban systems, 29 (4), 369-399.
  • Herold, M., Scepan, J. and Clarke, K., (2002). The Use of Remote Sensing and Landscape Metrics to Describe Structures and Changes in Urban Land Uses, Environment and Planning, 34(8), 1443-1458.
  • İÇDR, (2019). İzmir İli 2018 Yılı Çevre Durum Raporu, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti İzmir Valiliği Çevre ve Şehircilik İl Müdürlüğü. https://webdosya.csb.gov.tr/db/ced/icerikler/-zm-r_2018_-cdr_son-20191122120621.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 7 Haziran 2020).
  • Ji, W., Ma, J., Twibell, R. W., and Underhill, K., (2006). Characterizing urban sprawl using multi-stage remote sensing images and landscape metrics. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 30(6), 861-879.
  • Kesgin Atak, B. ve Ersoy Tonyaloğlu, E., (2019). Aydın İli Örneğinde Karbon Depolama Potansiyelinin Mekansal ve Zamansal Analizi. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 19 (3), 778-786.
  • Kesgin, B. and Nurlu, E., (2009). Land cover changes on the coastal zone of Candarli Bay, Turkey using remote sensed data, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 157 (1), 89-96.
  • Kurtşan, K., (2018). Tarımsal Peyzaj Değişimi Analizi: İzmir ili Bornova İlçesi Örneği, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ege Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İzmir.
  • Leitão, A.B., Miller, J., Ahern, J. and McGarigal, K., (2012). Measuring landscapes: A planner's handbook. Island press.
  • L3Harris Geospatial, (2013). ENVI 5.1 Image Analysis Software, Harris Geospatial Solutions Inc., USA.
  • Lu, D., Mausel, P., Brondizio, E. and Moran, E., (2004). Change detection techniques, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 25 (12), 2365-2401.
  • Martesen, A.C., Pimentel, R.G. and Metzger, J.P., (2008). Relative effects of fragment size and connectivity on bird community in the Atlantic Rain Forest: Implications for conservation, Biological Conservation, 141(9), 2184-2192.
  • Matsushita, B., Xu, M. and Fukushima, T., (2006). Characterizing the changes in landscape structure in the lake Kasumigaura Basin, Japan using a high-quality GIS dataset. Landscape and Urban Planning, 78, 241-250.
  • McGarigal, K., Cushman, S. A. and Ene, E., (2012). FRAGSTATS v4: Spatial Pattern Analysis Program for Categorical and Continuous Maps. University of Massachusetts, Amherst. http://www.umass.edu/landeco/research/fragstats/fragstats.html, (Erişim Tarihi: 20 Mayıs 2020).
  • McGarigal, K., (2014). FRAGSTATS help. Documentation for FRAGSTATS 4. FRAGSTATS: Spatial Pattern Analysis Program for Categorical Maps Documentation. https://www.umass.edu/landeco/research/fragstats/documents/fragstats_documents.html, (Erişim Tarihi: 17 Ekim 2020).
  • Nurlu, E., Erdem, Ü., Güvensen, A. ve Erdoğan, N., (2009). CORINE Standartlarına Göre Karaburun Yarımadası Örneğinde Alan Kullanımı/Arazi Örtüsü Değişiminin Saptanması Üzerine Araştırma Proje Raporu, E.Ü. Bilimsel Araştırma Fonu, Proje No: 2005-ÇSUM005, İzmir.
  • Nurlu, E., Erdem, Ü., Öztürk, M. Güvensen, A. ve Türk, T., (2008). Landsc., Demog. Dev., Biodiversity and Sust. Land Use Strategy: A Case Study on Karaburun. Petrosillo, I., Müller, F., Jones, K.B., Zurlini, G., Krauze, K., Victorov, S., Li, B.-L., Kepner, W.G. (Eds), Use of Landsc. Scien. for the Asses. of Environ. Security (357-368). Peninsula: Springer.
  • OECD, (2003). OECD Environmental Indicators-Development, Measurement and Use, Reference Paper, OECD Environmental Performance and Information Division, Paris.
  • OECD, (2017). Green Growth Indicators 2017, Paris: OECD Publishing. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264268586, (Erişim Tarihi: 1 Haziran 2020).
  • Selim, S. ve Sönmez, N. K., (2015). Sığla (Liquidambar orientalis Miller) Popülasyonları Dağılımının CBS ile Belirlenmesi ve Habitat Kalitesinin Peyzaj Metrikleri Kullanılarak Değerlendirilmesi; Muğla Köyceğiz Örneği. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 12 (1), 30-38.
  • Singh, A., (1989). Digital Change Detection Techniques Using Remotely-Sensed Data, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 10, 989-1003.
  • Somuncu, M., Akpınar, N., Kurum, E., Çabuk Kaya, N. ve Özelçi Eceral, T., (2010). Gümüşhane ili yaylalarındaki arazi kullanımı ve işlev değişiminin değerlendirilmesi: Kazıkbeli ve Alistire yaylaları örneği, Ankara Üniversitesi Çevrebilimleri Dergisi, 2(2):107-127.
  • Tağıl, Ş., (2014). Edremit Körfezi’nin Kuzey Sahil Bölgesinde Peyzaj Paterni ve Arazi Örtüsünün Zamansal ve Mekânsal Değişimi. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 17 (31), 1-16.
  • TUİK, Adrese Dayalı Nüfus Kayıt Sistemi., (2019). http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1059, (Erişim Tarihi: 5 Haziran 2020).
  • Turner II, B. L., Kasperson, R. E., Meyer, W. B., Dow, K. M., Golding, D., Kasperson, J. X., Mitchell, R.C. and Ratick, S. J., (1990). Two types of global environmental change: definitional and spatial-scale issues in their human dimensions. Global Environmental Change, 1(1), 14-22.
  • Turner, M. G., (1989). Landscape Ecology: The Effect of Pattern on Process. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 20, 171-197.
  • Turner, M.G., Gardner, R.H., and O’Neill. R.V., (2001). Landscape Ecology in Theory and Practice: Pattern and Process. New York, USA: Springer-Verlag.
  • U.S. EPA, (2008). EPA’s 2008 Report on the Environment. National Center for Environmental Assessment, Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, EPA/600/R07/045F.
  • Urban, D.L., O’Neill, R.V. and Shugart, H. H., (1987). Landscape ecology. BioScience 37:119–127.
  • Verburg, P. H. and Overmars, K. P., (2009). Combining Top-down and Bottom-up Dynamics in Land Use Modelling: Exploring the Future of Abandoned Farmlands in Europe with the DynaCLUE Model, Landscape Ecology, 24 (9), 1167-1181.
  • Yu, X. J. and Nakagoshi, C. N., (2007). Spatial and temporal dynamics of urban sprawl along two urban-rural transects: a case study of Guangzhou, China. Landscape and Urban Planning, 79, 69-109.

Alan Kullanımı/Arazi Örtüsü Değişiminin Mekansal ve Zamansal Analizi: İzmir/Türkiye Örneği

Yıl 2020, , 308 - 324, 15.12.2020

İpek Karaali , Ebru Ersoy Tonyaloğlu , Birsen Kesgin Atak , Engin Nurlu

https://doi.org/10.47898/ijeased.800037
Cited By: 3

Öz

Çalışmanın amacı 1990 ve 2019 yılları arasında nüfus artışı ile birlikte hızlı kentleşmenin yaşandığı İzmir ili Karşıyaka, Bayraklı, Konak ve Bornova ilçelerinde alan kullanım/arazi örtüsü (AK/AÖ)’nde meydana gelen değişimlerin peyzaj metrikleri ile analiz edilmesidir. Çalışmada 1990 yılına ait Landsat 4-5 TM ve 2019 yılına ait Landsat 8 uydu görüntüleri nesne tabanlı sınıflandırma yöntemi kullanılarak sınıflandırılmış ve 1990 ve 2019 yıllarına ait AK/AÖ haritaları elde edilmiştir. AK/AÖ değişimi, FRAGSTATS yazılımında sınıf düzeyinde 9 peyzaj metriğinden yararlanılarak yorumlanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, çalışma alanında en büyük değişim yapay yüzeylerde artış şeklinde yaşanmıştır. Yapay yüzeylerde baskın olarak sanayi ve yerleşim alanlarının hızla artması, doğal peyzajın bütünlüğünü bozarak çalışma alanında mevcut doğal peyzaj öğelerinde parçalanma, delinme ve izolasyona neden olmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Uzaktan Algılama Peyzaj metrikleri Landsat uydu görüntüleri Alan kullanım/arazi örtüsü Nesne tabanlı sınıflandırma

Kaynakça

  • Aguilera, F., Valenzuela, L. M. and Botequilha-Leitão, A., (2011). Landscape metrics in the analysis of urban land use patterns: A case study in a Spanish metropolitan area. Landscape and Urban Planning, 99 (3-4), 226- 238.
  • Alphan, H., (2003). Land‐use change and urbanization of Adana, Turkey. Land Degrad. Dev., 14, 575-586.
  • ASTER, Global DEM Missions, (2016). https://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/mission.asp, (Erişim Tarihi: 1 Haziran 2020).
  • Atak, Kesgin, B., (2020). Analyzing Urban Landscape Structure Changes Using Landscape Metrics; The Case of Izmir. Ege Üniv. Ziraat Fak. Derg., 57 (1), 119-128.
  • Barredo, J. I., Kasanko, M., Mccormick, N. and Lavalle, C., (2003-b). Modelling Dynamic Spatial Processes: Simulation of Urban Future Scenarios Through Cellular Automata, Landscape and Urban Planning, 64 (3), 145-160.
  • Barredo, J. I., Lavalle, C., Demichel, L., Kasanko, M. and Mccormik, N., (2003-a). Sustainable Urban and Regional Planning: The MOLAND Activities on Urban Scenario Modeling and Forecast, EC Joint Research Centre Institute for Environment and Sustainability, 54.
  • Botequilha Leitão, A., Miller, J., Ahern, J. and McGarigal, K. (Eds.)., (2006). Measuring Landscapes: A Professional Planner’s Manual, Washington, D.C.: Island Press.
  • Bürgi, M., Hersperger, A. M. and Schneeberger, N., (2004). Driving Forces of Landscape ChangeCurrent and New Directions, Landscape Ecology, 19 (8), 857-868.
  • Congalton, R. G. and Green, K., (1999). Assessing the Accuracy of Remotely Sensed Data Principles and Practices. Boca Raton: Lewis Publisher.
  • Deng, J. S., Wang, K., Hong, Y. and Qi, J. G., (2009). Spatio-temporal dynamics and evolution of land use change and landscape pattern in response to rapid urbanization. Landscape and Urban Planning, 92 (3-4), 187-198.
  • DiBari, J.N., (2007). Evaluation of five landscape-level metrics for measuring the effects of urbanization on landscape structure: the case of Tucson, Arizona, USA. Landscape and Urban Planning, 79(3-4), 308-313.
  • Ersoy, E., (2019). Assessment of Road-Induced Landscape Fragmentation and Implications for Landscape Planning: The Case of Izmir Province, Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 9 (3), 699-709.
  • ESRI, (2019). ArcGIS 10.7 Software, Environmental Systems Research Institute, Redlands, CA.
  • Foody, G., (2002). Status of land cover classification accuracy assessment, Remote Sensing of Environment, 80 (1), 185-201.
  • Geospatial, T., (2015). eCognition Developer 9.1 Software, Trimble Navigation Limited, United States of America.
  • Gustafson, E. J., (1998). Quantifying Landscape Spatial Pattern: What Is the State of the Art?, Ecosystems, 1, 143-156.
  • Haščič I. and Mackie, A., (2018). Land Cover Change and Conversions: Methodology and Results for OECD and G20 Countries. Paris: OECD Publishing.
  • Herold, M., Couclelis, H., and Clarke, K.C., (2005). The role of spatial metrics in the analysis and modeling of urban land use change. Computers, environment and urban systems, 29 (4), 369-399.
  • Herold, M., Scepan, J. and Clarke, K., (2002). The Use of Remote Sensing and Landscape Metrics to Describe Structures and Changes in Urban Land Uses, Environment and Planning, 34(8), 1443-1458.
  • İÇDR, (2019). İzmir İli 2018 Yılı Çevre Durum Raporu, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti İzmir Valiliği Çevre ve Şehircilik İl Müdürlüğü. https://webdosya.csb.gov.tr/db/ced/icerikler/-zm-r_2018_-cdr_son-20191122120621.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 7 Haziran 2020).
  • Ji, W., Ma, J., Twibell, R. W., and Underhill, K., (2006). Characterizing urban sprawl using multi-stage remote sensing images and landscape metrics. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 30(6), 861-879.
  • Kesgin Atak, B. ve Ersoy Tonyaloğlu, E., (2019). Aydın İli Örneğinde Karbon Depolama Potansiyelinin Mekansal ve Zamansal Analizi. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 19 (3), 778-786.
  • Kesgin, B. and Nurlu, E., (2009). Land cover changes on the coastal zone of Candarli Bay, Turkey using remote sensed data, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 157 (1), 89-96.
  • Kurtşan, K., (2018). Tarımsal Peyzaj Değişimi Analizi: İzmir ili Bornova İlçesi Örneği, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ege Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İzmir.
  • Leitão, A.B., Miller, J., Ahern, J. and McGarigal, K., (2012). Measuring landscapes: A planner's handbook. Island press.
  • L3Harris Geospatial, (2013). ENVI 5.1 Image Analysis Software, Harris Geospatial Solutions Inc., USA.
  • Lu, D., Mausel, P., Brondizio, E. and Moran, E., (2004). Change detection techniques, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 25 (12), 2365-2401.
  • Martesen, A.C., Pimentel, R.G. and Metzger, J.P., (2008). Relative effects of fragment size and connectivity on bird community in the Atlantic Rain Forest: Implications for conservation, Biological Conservation, 141(9), 2184-2192.
  • Matsushita, B., Xu, M. and Fukushima, T., (2006). Characterizing the changes in landscape structure in the lake Kasumigaura Basin, Japan using a high-quality GIS dataset. Landscape and Urban Planning, 78, 241-250.
  • McGarigal, K., Cushman, S. A. and Ene, E., (2012). FRAGSTATS v4: Spatial Pattern Analysis Program for Categorical and Continuous Maps. University of Massachusetts, Amherst. http://www.umass.edu/landeco/research/fragstats/fragstats.html, (Erişim Tarihi: 20 Mayıs 2020).
  • McGarigal, K., (2014). FRAGSTATS help. Documentation for FRAGSTATS 4. FRAGSTATS: Spatial Pattern Analysis Program for Categorical Maps Documentation. https://www.umass.edu/landeco/research/fragstats/documents/fragstats_documents.html, (Erişim Tarihi: 17 Ekim 2020).
  • Nurlu, E., Erdem, Ü., Güvensen, A. ve Erdoğan, N., (2009). CORINE Standartlarına Göre Karaburun Yarımadası Örneğinde Alan Kullanımı/Arazi Örtüsü Değişiminin Saptanması Üzerine Araştırma Proje Raporu, E.Ü. Bilimsel Araştırma Fonu, Proje No: 2005-ÇSUM005, İzmir.
  • Nurlu, E., Erdem, Ü., Öztürk, M. Güvensen, A. ve Türk, T., (2008). Landsc., Demog. Dev., Biodiversity and Sust. Land Use Strategy: A Case Study on Karaburun. Petrosillo, I., Müller, F., Jones, K.B., Zurlini, G., Krauze, K., Victorov, S., Li, B.-L., Kepner, W.G. (Eds), Use of Landsc. Scien. for the Asses. of Environ. Security (357-368). Peninsula: Springer.
  • OECD, (2003). OECD Environmental Indicators-Development, Measurement and Use, Reference Paper, OECD Environmental Performance and Information Division, Paris.
  • OECD, (2017). Green Growth Indicators 2017, Paris: OECD Publishing. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264268586, (Erişim Tarihi: 1 Haziran 2020).
  • Selim, S. ve Sönmez, N. K., (2015). Sığla (Liquidambar orientalis Miller) Popülasyonları Dağılımının CBS ile Belirlenmesi ve Habitat Kalitesinin Peyzaj Metrikleri Kullanılarak Değerlendirilmesi; Muğla Köyceğiz Örneği. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 12 (1), 30-38.
  • Singh, A., (1989). Digital Change Detection Techniques Using Remotely-Sensed Data, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 10, 989-1003.
  • Somuncu, M., Akpınar, N., Kurum, E., Çabuk Kaya, N. ve Özelçi Eceral, T., (2010). Gümüşhane ili yaylalarındaki arazi kullanımı ve işlev değişiminin değerlendirilmesi: Kazıkbeli ve Alistire yaylaları örneği, Ankara Üniversitesi Çevrebilimleri Dergisi, 2(2):107-127.
  • Tağıl, Ş., (2014). Edremit Körfezi’nin Kuzey Sahil Bölgesinde Peyzaj Paterni ve Arazi Örtüsünün Zamansal ve Mekânsal Değişimi. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 17 (31), 1-16.
  • TUİK, Adrese Dayalı Nüfus Kayıt Sistemi., (2019). http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1059, (Erişim Tarihi: 5 Haziran 2020).
  • Turner II, B. L., Kasperson, R. E., Meyer, W. B., Dow, K. M., Golding, D., Kasperson, J. X., Mitchell, R.C. and Ratick, S. J., (1990). Two types of global environmental change: definitional and spatial-scale issues in their human dimensions. Global Environmental Change, 1(1), 14-22.
  • Turner, M. G., (1989). Landscape Ecology: The Effect of Pattern on Process. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 20, 171-197.
  • Turner, M.G., Gardner, R.H., and O’Neill. R.V., (2001). Landscape Ecology in Theory and Practice: Pattern and Process. New York, USA: Springer-Verlag.
  • U.S. EPA, (2008). EPA’s 2008 Report on the Environment. National Center for Environmental Assessment, Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, EPA/600/R07/045F.
  • Urban, D.L., O’Neill, R.V. and Shugart, H. H., (1987). Landscape ecology. BioScience 37:119–127.
  • Verburg, P. H. and Overmars, K. P., (2009). Combining Top-down and Bottom-up Dynamics in Land Use Modelling: Exploring the Future of Abandoned Farmlands in Europe with the DynaCLUE Model, Landscape Ecology, 24 (9), 1167-1181.
  • Yu, X. J. and Nakagoshi, C. N., (2007). Spatial and temporal dynamics of urban sprawl along two urban-rural transects: a case study of Guangzhou, China. Landscape and Urban Planning, 79, 69-109.
Toplam 47 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Çevre Bilimleri, Fotogrametri ve Uzaktan Algılama
Bölüm Makaleler / Articles
Yazarlar

İpek Karaali 0000-0002-2125-8487

Ebru Ersoy Tonyaloğlu 0000-0002-2945-3885

Birsen Kesgin Atak 0000-0003-4786-0801

Engin Nurlu 0000-0001-5458-7749

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Aralık 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 25 Eylül 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020

Kaynak Göster

APA Karaali, İ., Ersoy Tonyaloğlu, E., Kesgin Atak, B., Nurlu, E. (2020). Alan Kullanımı/Arazi Örtüsü Değişiminin Mekansal ve Zamansal Analizi: İzmir/Türkiye Örneği. Uluslararası Doğu Anadolu Fen Mühendislik Ve Tasarım Dergisi, 2(2), 308-324. https://doi.org/10.47898/ijeased.800037

Cited By

İZMİR BORNOVA İLÇESİ ÖRNEĞİNDE ARAZİ ÖRTÜSÜ/ ALAN KULLANIMININ MEKANSAL VE ZAMANSAL DEĞİŞİMİNİN ANALİZİ
ArtGRID - Journal of Architecture Engineering and Fine Arts
https://doi.org/10.57165/artgrid.1204289
Peyzaj Yapısındaki Zamansal/Mekânsal Değişimin Metrik Analizi ile Değerlendirilmesi: Çanakkale Kent Merkezi
Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1085024
Kentsel Peyzaj Değişiminin Zamansal ve Mekansal Analizi: Burdur Kenti Örneği
Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.24011/barofd.939731