INTERORGANIZATIONAL AND INTERDEPARTMENTAL RESOURCE DEPENDENCY OF E-GOVERNMENT APPLICATIONS

Abstract

The research on the relationship between environment and organizations has been an important issue in the management and organization theory literature. One of the important theories which brought new insights to the environment-organization interaction is resource dependency theory (Pffefer and Salancik, 1978). Organizations have to access resources from their environment to provide required input for their internal operations. Thus, organizational design for internal efficiency seems meaningless without reaching resources. The effectiveness of an organization is more related with the management of demands of various interest groups upon which organizations depend for resources and support according to the resource dependency paradigm (Pffefer and Salancik, 1978). So, organizations partially or completely depend on others to survive in their environment. The same resource dependency framework is also valid for the departments in organizations. Obtaining resources from other departments and managing/manipulating their demands can be crucial for the success of departmental activities. Resource dependency theory can be used to question the organizational effectiveness of egovernment and e-governance applications. Information system departments of some critical state institutions may depend on other departments and organizations to access required resources and support for their internal operations. Other departments and organizations may also have various dependency relationships to the focal organizations or departments. The objective of this study is to determine interorganizational and interdepartmental resource dependency relationships of a state institution’s information system department. Network analysis techniques were used to map the mutual resource dependency relationships.

Keywords

• Resource dependency theory, network theory, network analysis

Kaynakça

1. Bertalanffy, L. (1950), The Theory of Open Systems in Physic and Biology, Science, 3, 23-29.
2. Bertalanffy, L. (1940), Der Organismus als Physikalisches System Betrachtet,
3. Naturwissenschaften, 1940, 28, 521-531.
4. Bourdieu, P. (1983), Forms of Capital. Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education, 241-258.
5. Burns, T. and Stalker, G.M. (1961), The Management of Innovation, London: Tavistock.
6. Burt, S.R. (1992), Structural Holes: The Social Structure of Competition. Harvard University Press.
7. Clegg, R.S. (1989). Radical revisions: Power, discipline and organizations. Organization Studies, , 1, 97-115
8. Coleman, J.S. (1988), Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital, American Journal of Sociology, 94: 95-120.

9. Davison, R. M. , Wagner, C. and Ma, C.K.L. (2001), From Government to E-government: A
10. Transition Model, Information Technology and People, 18,3, 280-299. Dhanaraj, C. and Parkhe, A. (2006), Orchestrating Innovation Networks, Academy of Management Review, 31, 3, 659-669.
11. DiMaggio, P. J. and Powell, W.W. (1983), The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields. American Sociological Review, 48: 147-160.
12. Emirbayer, M. and Goodwin, J. (1994), Network Analysis, Culture and the Problem of Agency,
13. American Journal of Sociology, 99, 6, 1411-1454.
14. Galbraith, J. R. (1973), Designing Complex Organizations, Reading: MA: Addison-Wesley.
15. Granovetter, M. (1973), Strength of Weak Ties, American Journal of Sociology, 78: 1360-1380.
16. Granovetter, M. (1985), Economic Action and Social Structure: The Problem of Embeddedness,
17. American Journal of Sociology, 9, 3, 481-510. Gulati, R. and Gargulio, M. (1999), Where do interorganizational networks come from? The American Journal of Sociology, 104, 5, 1439-1493.
18. Hanneman, R.A. (2001), Introduction to Social Network Methods. Riverside C.A.: University of California.
19. Hannan,M.T. and Freeman, J.H. (1977), The population ecology of organizations, American
20. Journal of Sociology, 82: 929-964. Hickson, D.J.; Hinings, C.R.; Lee, C.A., Schneck, R.E. and Pennings, J.M. (1971), A Strategic
21. Contingencies of Intraorganizational Power, Administrative Science Quarterly, 16, 216-229. Jablin, F.M. and Putnam, L.J. (2001), The New Handbook of Organizational Communication :
22. Advances in Theory, Research and Methods, Sage Pub. Kaya, M. and Çetin, E. (2008), Harnessing ICT to Improve E-Government and E-Governance, 1st ICEGEG Proceedings.
23. Lawrence, P.R. and Lorcsh, J.W. (1967), Organization and Environment: Managing
24. Differentiation and Integration, Boston: Harvard University. Lee, J. and Kim, J. (2007), Grounded Theory Analysis of E-Government Initiatives: Exploring
25. Perceptions of Government Authorities, Government Information Quarterly, 24, 135-147. Monge, R.P and Contractor, S.N. (2001), The New Handbook of Organizational Communication :
26. Advances in Theory, Research and Methods, Sage Pub. Oliver, C. (1990), Determinants of Interorganizational Relationships: Integration and Future
27. Directions, Academy of Management Review, 15, 2, 241-265. Parkhe, A.; Wasserman, S. and Ralston, A.D. (2006), New Frontiers in Network Development,
28. Academy of Management Review, 31, 3, 560-568. Pfeffer, J. (1976), Beyond Management and the Worker: The Institutional Function of
29. Management, Academy of Management Review, 36-46. Pfeffer, J. and Nowak, P. (1976), Joint Ventures and Interorganizational Inter-dependence,
30. Administrative Science Quarterly, 21, 398-418. Pfeffer, J. and Salancik, G.R. (1978), The External Control of Organizations: A resource
31. Dependence Perspective. New York: Harper & Row. Ring, S. P. and Van De Ven, H.A. (1994), Developmental process of coorperative interorganizational relations. Academy of Management Review, 19, 1, 90-118.
32. Schein, E.V. (1977). Individual power and political behaviors in organizations. Academy of
33. Management Review, 2, 1, 64-73
34. Van De Ven, H.A. (1976), On the Nature, Formation and Maintenance of Relations Among
35. Organizations, Academy of Management Review, 1, 4, 24-36. Thompson, J. D. (1967), Organizations in Action, McGraw-Hill.
36. Woodward, J. (1965), Industrial Organization: Theory and Practice, London: Oxford University Press.