Changes of Some Heavy Metal Concentrations Based on Organic and Traffic Density in Fraxinus Excelsior L.

Abstract

At the beginning of the problems caused by the industrialization and the rapid increase in the world population; environmental and especially air pollution. Air pollution is causing millions of people to die every year around the world. Air pollution components are non-biodegradable heavy metals, although they are necessary for low amounts of human, animal and plant needs, they can produce toxic effects when they are present in large quantities. Some heavy metals have toxic effects even at low concentrations. In particular, the accumulation of heavy metals in the atmosphere is a serious problem for human health. It is therefore of great importance to monitor the change in heavy metal concentrations. Bioindicators are used as the most important determinants of determination of heavy metal contamination in atmosphere. In this study, the usability of Fraxinus excelsior L. organelles as a biomonitor was investigated in the determination of heavy metal constructions. It was studied on the leaves, seeds and twigs taken from the individuals grown in the areas where the ash tree traffic is dense, less dense and not. According to the results of the study, it was determined that the concentrations of the elements in the leaves and seeds were increased depending on the traffic density.

Keywords

• Biomonitor,heavy metal,traffic,Fraxinus excelsior L.

Fraxinus excelsior L.’da Bazı Ağır Metal Konsantrasyonlarının Organel ve Trafik Yoğunluğuna Bağlı Değişimi

Öz

Sanayileşme ve Dünya nüfusundaki hızlı artışın sebep olduğu problemlerin başında çevre ve özellikle hava kirliliği gelmektedir. Öyle ki hava kirliliği her yıl dünya çapında milyonlarca insanın hayatını kaybetmesine sebep olmaktadır. Hava kirliliği bileşenleri biyobozunur özelliğe sahip olmayan ağır metaller, düşük miktarlarda insan, hayvan ve bitki ihtiyaçları için gerekli olsalar da fazla miktarlarda bulunduklarında toksik etki oluşturabilmektedir. Bazı ağır metaller düşük konsantrasyonlarda bile toksik etkiye sahiptir. Özellikle ağır metallerin atmosferde birikiminin artması insan sağlığı açısından ciddi sorun teşkil etmektedir. Bundan dolayı ağır metal konsantrasyonlarının değişiminin takip edilmesi büyük önem taşımaktadır. Ağır metal kirliğinin atmosferdeki kontrasyonlarının belirlenmesinde en önemli belirteç olarak biyoindikatörlerden yararlanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada da ağır metal kontrasyonlarının belirlenmesinde biyomonitör olarak Dişbudak (Fraxinus excelsior L.) organellerinin kullanılabilirliği araştırılmıştır. Dişbudak ağacının trafiğin yoğun olduğu, az yoğun olduğu ve olmadığı alanlarda yetişen bireylerinden alınan yaprak, tohum ve dal örnekleri üzerinde çalışma yapılarak ve Ba, Al, B, Ca, Fe, K, Mg ve Mn konsantrasyonlarının değişimleri belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre yaprak ve tohumda çalışmaya konu elementlerin konsantrasyonlarının genel olarak trafik yoğunluğuna bağlı olarak arttığı belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biyomonitör,ağır metal,trafik,Fraxinus excelsior L.

Kaynakça

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