DO INFORMAL METHODS TO CONTROL POLLUTION WORK? A CASE OF INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION IN PAKISTAN.

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 237 - 254, 01.12.2012

Samina Khalil

Öz

The formal environmental pollution control and regulatory system in Pakistan has
failed to achieve the policy objectives and targets to control growing pollution
levels in Pakistan. The ineffectiveness of the regulatory system underscores the
need to explore the potential use of informal approaches to control industrial
pollution. The focus group discussion with the stakeholders in the Korangi
industrial area revolve around a broad theme of environmental supply and
environmental demand indicators that form the basis for exploring the potential
use of informal regulations to complement a regulatory system, alongside
community activism.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Regulatory framework, Informal approaches, Community activism

Kaynakça

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• SRO required all production units to immediately comply with the new standards after July 1994. Under the PEPA, , NEQS were revised with full consultation with the private sector, industrialists, trade and business associations and NGOs. The municipal and liquid industrial effluent standards cover 32 parameters. The standards for industrial gaseous emissions specify limits for 16 parameters and the standards for motor vehicles prescribe maximum permissible limits for smoke, carbon monoxide and noise.
• Revised standards cover discharge limits of effluents into inland water, sewage treatment plants (operational) and the sea. SMRS was introduced in 1998 which takes into account the resources and interests of both the regulators and industries.
• Table B: Socio-economic and environmental characteristics of KIA Korangi Industrial Area (KIA) Established in mid sixties, the KIA became operational in 1970. It is situated in the southeast of Karachi and spreads over 3,500 hectares. About 3,000 industrial and commercial units are currently in operation in the Karachi Industrial and Trading Estates (KITE)
• (US$ 27 million) a day. Total gross exports for 8 from KIA amount to approx US65 million 4. Data obtained from the members of Korangi Association of Trade and Industry 2007
• Korangi Association of Trade and Industry 2007
• Table C: Category wise industries operating in KIA S.No Textile and Allied Leather and Allied Engineering works Food, Tobacco and Beverages Pharmaceuticals and Chemicals Plastic products Ice factories Paper products Chicken feed factories Wood and Allied Petrochemicals Rubber products Power plants Others Total Units Source: Korangi Association of Trade and Industry 2007 Appendix 4