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LIVELIHOOD STRATEGIES AND FORMATION OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL STRATIFICATION: EXPRIENCE FROM MALAYSIA

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 247 - 257, 01.06.2013

Öz

This paper focuses on the livelihood subsistence strategies used by group of
Research object who moved from Brunei to Malaysia in the early 19th century.
This study seeks to answer two key questions. First, what type of livelihood
subsistence strategies that are used by this group to survive? Second, how the
livelihood subsistence strategies influenced and form new type of social and
economic stratifications in the group that are considered as ‘egalitarians’. Using
ethnographic techniques, data in this study were collected from in-depth
interviews and participation observation which took 18 months to complete. The
study found that there is a slight change in the aspect of subsistence strategy
which is due to market forces and the virtues of capitalism. This community has
diversified subsistence to balance the pressure of market forces. The study also
revealed that factors such as income and property ownership have developed
social and economic stratification into several classes based on source of income
and ownership of production. Objective criteria such as income, and sources of
primary production such as land, make it critical value in this society.
Competition for means of production has created conflict of ownership and thus
sparks competition in other aspects such as the position and power. This explains
that in a small community social and economic stratification exists and their
competition for limited resources make them diversifies their livelihood systems.

Kaynakça

  • Edgall, Stephen. 1995. Class: Key Ideas. London & New York: Routledge.
  • Ellis, Frank. 1998. Household strategies and rural livelihood diversification. The Journal ofDevelopment Studies. Vol 35 No 1. pp1-38.
  • Furuoka, Fumitaka, 2011, economic Development in Sarawak, Malaysia: An
  • Emperical Inquiry, Kota Kinabalu: Penerbit Universiti Malaysia Sabah. Jackson, J.A. 1968. Editorial Introduction – Social Stratification. in Social Stratification.
  • Jackson, J.A (Editor). London: Cambridge University Press. Kelsall, R.K. and Kelsall, H.M. 1974. Stratification: An Essey on Class and Inequality.
  • London & New York: Longman. Malaysia. 2011. Department of Statistic. Government of Malaysia
  • Maxwell, Alan. 1981. Urang Darat. An Ethnografic Study of the Kedayan of Labu
  • Valley, Brunei. PhD. Yale University. Mohamad Suhaidi, Salleh. 1995. Ritual Makan Taun di kalangan komuniti Kedayan : satu tinjauan fungsi dan kesan. Graduate Exercise. Bangi: UKM.
  • Owen, Charles. 1968. Social Stratification. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
  • Parnell, Edward. 1910. “The names Kedayan, Dayak and Tanjong Datu”. Sarawak
  • Museum Journal. Vol 1 (1): 150-151. Sather, Clifford. 1981. Socio-economic survey of a Kedayan community at Kampung
  • Selanyau. Sarawak Gazette. Vol.CVII (2): 21-33
  • Sather, Clifford and Hatta Solhee. 1974. “ Kampung Selanyau : Social and economic organization of a Kedayan rice-growing village.” Sarawak Museum Journal. Vol XXII (43): 249-266.
  • Syed Husin, Ali. 1964. Social Stratification in Kampung Bagan: A Study of Class, Status,
  • Conflict and Mobility in a Rural Malay Community. Tumin, Micheal 1967. Social Stratification: The Form and Functions of Inequality. New
  • Jersey: Prentice Hall. Wan Hashim, Wan Teh. 1995. Peasants Under Peripheral Capitalism. Bangi: Penerbit
  • Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
Yıl 2013, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 247 - 257, 01.06.2013

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Edgall, Stephen. 1995. Class: Key Ideas. London & New York: Routledge.
  • Ellis, Frank. 1998. Household strategies and rural livelihood diversification. The Journal ofDevelopment Studies. Vol 35 No 1. pp1-38.
  • Furuoka, Fumitaka, 2011, economic Development in Sarawak, Malaysia: An
  • Emperical Inquiry, Kota Kinabalu: Penerbit Universiti Malaysia Sabah. Jackson, J.A. 1968. Editorial Introduction – Social Stratification. in Social Stratification.
  • Jackson, J.A (Editor). London: Cambridge University Press. Kelsall, R.K. and Kelsall, H.M. 1974. Stratification: An Essey on Class and Inequality.
  • London & New York: Longman. Malaysia. 2011. Department of Statistic. Government of Malaysia
  • Maxwell, Alan. 1981. Urang Darat. An Ethnografic Study of the Kedayan of Labu
  • Valley, Brunei. PhD. Yale University. Mohamad Suhaidi, Salleh. 1995. Ritual Makan Taun di kalangan komuniti Kedayan : satu tinjauan fungsi dan kesan. Graduate Exercise. Bangi: UKM.
  • Owen, Charles. 1968. Social Stratification. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
  • Parnell, Edward. 1910. “The names Kedayan, Dayak and Tanjong Datu”. Sarawak
  • Museum Journal. Vol 1 (1): 150-151. Sather, Clifford. 1981. Socio-economic survey of a Kedayan community at Kampung
  • Selanyau. Sarawak Gazette. Vol.CVII (2): 21-33
  • Sather, Clifford and Hatta Solhee. 1974. “ Kampung Selanyau : Social and economic organization of a Kedayan rice-growing village.” Sarawak Museum Journal. Vol XXII (43): 249-266.
  • Syed Husin, Ali. 1964. Social Stratification in Kampung Bagan: A Study of Class, Status,
  • Conflict and Mobility in a Rural Malay Community. Tumin, Micheal 1967. Social Stratification: The Form and Functions of Inequality. New
  • Jersey: Prentice Hall. Wan Hashim, Wan Teh. 1995. Peasants Under Peripheral Capitalism. Bangi: Penerbit
  • Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
Toplam 17 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Diğer ID JA64HU25CV
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Mohamad Suhaidi Salleh Bu kişi benim

Nita Edama Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Haziran 2013
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2013 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Salleh, M. S., & Edama, N. (2013). LIVELIHOOD STRATEGIES AND FORMATION OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL STRATIFICATION: EXPRIENCE FROM MALAYSIA. International Journal of Economics and Finance Studies, 5(1), 247-257.
AMA Salleh MS, Edama N. LIVELIHOOD STRATEGIES AND FORMATION OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL STRATIFICATION: EXPRIENCE FROM MALAYSIA. IJEFS. Haziran 2013;5(1):247-257.
Chicago Salleh, Mohamad Suhaidi, ve Nita Edama. “LIVELIHOOD STRATEGIES AND FORMATION OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL STRATIFICATION: EXPRIENCE FROM MALAYSIA”. International Journal of Economics and Finance Studies 5, sy. 1 (Haziran 2013): 247-57.
EndNote Salleh MS, Edama N (01 Haziran 2013) LIVELIHOOD STRATEGIES AND FORMATION OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL STRATIFICATION: EXPRIENCE FROM MALAYSIA. International Journal of Economics and Finance Studies 5 1 247–257.
IEEE M. S. Salleh ve N. Edama, “LIVELIHOOD STRATEGIES AND FORMATION OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL STRATIFICATION: EXPRIENCE FROM MALAYSIA”, IJEFS, c. 5, sy. 1, ss. 247–257, 2013.
ISNAD Salleh, Mohamad Suhaidi - Edama, Nita. “LIVELIHOOD STRATEGIES AND FORMATION OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL STRATIFICATION: EXPRIENCE FROM MALAYSIA”. International Journal of Economics and Finance Studies 5/1 (Haziran 2013), 247-257.
JAMA Salleh MS, Edama N. LIVELIHOOD STRATEGIES AND FORMATION OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL STRATIFICATION: EXPRIENCE FROM MALAYSIA. IJEFS. 2013;5:247–257.
MLA Salleh, Mohamad Suhaidi ve Nita Edama. “LIVELIHOOD STRATEGIES AND FORMATION OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL STRATIFICATION: EXPRIENCE FROM MALAYSIA”. International Journal of Economics and Finance Studies, c. 5, sy. 1, 2013, ss. 247-5.
Vancouver Salleh MS, Edama N. LIVELIHOOD STRATEGIES AND FORMATION OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL STRATIFICATION: EXPRIENCE FROM MALAYSIA. IJEFS. 2013;5(1):247-5.