Entegre Nükleer Ters Ozmoz Tesislerinin Tekno-Ekonomik Performans Modellemesi: Bir Vaka Çalışması

Öz

Bu çalışma, sürdürülebilir tatlı su üretimi elde etmek için nükleer enerjinin deniz suyu tuzdan arındırma sistemlerine entegrasyonunu araştırmaktadır. Nükleer reaktörler, Çok Etkili Damıtma (MED) ve Çok Aşamalı Flaş (MSF) gibi termal tuzdan arındırma işlemleri ve Ters Ozmoz (RO) gibi membran tabanlı teknolojiler için uygun, güvenilir, sürekli ve düşük karbonlu enerji kaynakları olarak önemli bir potansiyel sunmaktadır. Analizde, çeşitli enerji kaynaklarıyla çalışan tuzdan arındırma sistemlerini değerlendirmek için tekno-ekonomik bir değerlendirme aracı olarak Uluslararası Atom Enerjisi Ajansı (UAEA) tarafından geliştirilen Tuzdan Arındırma Ekonomik Değerlendirme Programı (DEEP) kullanılmaktadır. Nükleer ve kömür bazlı konfigürasyonlar arasındaki karşılaştırmalı değerlendirme, nükleer seçeneğin aynı çalışma koşulları altında daha düşük üretim maliyetleri ve daha yüksek enerji verimliliği sunduğunu vurgulamaktadır. Bu bulgular, nükleer enerjiyle çalışan tuzdan arındırma sistemlerinin gelecekteki tatlı su ve enerji üretimi için uygun maliyetli ve sürdürülebilir bir çözüm olarak potansiyelini göstermektedir. Nükleer tuzdan arındırma süreçlerinin, mevcut fosil yakıt bazlı tuzdan arındırma programlarıyla rekabet edebilir olduğu ve nükleer yakıtla çalışan seçeneklerin ilişkili yaşam döngüsü karbon emisyonlarının fosil yakıt bazlı yollardan iki ila üç kat daha az olduğu bulunmuştur [1].

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Nükleer Tuzdan Arındırma
• Ters Ozmoz (RO)
• Kojenerasyon
• DEEP
• Termoekonomik Analiz

Techno-Economic Performance Modeling of Integrated Nuclear-Reverse Osmosis Plants: A Case Study

Öz

This study investigates the integration of nuclear energy into seawater desalination systems to achieve sustainable freshwater production. Nuclear reactors present significant potential as reliable, continuous, and low-carbon energy sources suitable for both thermal desalination processes, such as Multi-Effect Distillation (MED) , Multi-Stage Flash (MSF), and membrane-based technologies like Reverse Osmosis (RO). The analysis employs the Desalination Economic Evaluation Program (DEEP), developed by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), as a techno-economic assessment tool to evaluate desalination systems powered by various energy sources. The comparative assessment between nuclear- and coal-based configurations highlights that the nuclear option offers lower production costs and higher energy efficiency under identical operating conditions. These findings demonstrate the potential of nuclear-powered desalination systems as a cost-effective and sustainable solution for future freshwater and energy generation. Nuclear desalination processes are found to be competitive with current fossil fuel-based desalination programs, with associated life cycle carbon emissions of nuclear-driven options being two to three orders of magnitude less than that of the fossil fuel-based route [1].

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Nuclear Desalination
• Reverse Osmosis (RO)
• Cogeneration
• DEEP
• Thermoeconomic Analysis

Kaynakça

1. [1] R. S. El-Emam, H. Ozcan, R. Bhattacharyya, and L. Awerbuch, "Nuclear desalination: A sustainable route to water security," Desalination, vol. 542, p. 116082, Nov. 2022.
2. [2] I. C. Karagiannis and P. G. Soldatos, "Water desalination cost literature: review and assessment," Desalination, vol. 223, no. 1-3, pp. 448-456, Mar. 2008.
3. [3] N. Ghaffour, T. M. Missimer, and G. L. Amy, "Technical review and evaluation of the economics of water desalination: Current and future challenges for better water supply sustainability," Desalination, vol. 309, pp. 197–207, Feb. 2013.
4. [4] A. Al-Karaghouli and L. L. Kazmerski, "Energy consumption and water production cost of conventional and renewable-energy-powered desalination processes," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 24, pp. 343–356, Aug. 2013.
5. [5] A. E. Kabeel, K. Harby, M. Abdelgaied, and A. Eisa, "A comprehensive review of tubular solar still designs, performance, and economic analysis," J. Clean. Prod., vol. 246, p. 119030, Feb. 2020.
6. [6] B. Xu, X. Zhao, X. Zuo, and H. Yang, "Progress of phase change materials in solar water desalination system: a review," Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, vol. 271, p. 112874, Aug. 2024.
7. [7] I. Khamis and R. S. El-Emam, "IAEA coordinated research activity on nuclear desalination: the quest for new technologies and techno-economic assessment," Desalination, vol. 394, pp. 56-63, Sep. 2016.
8. [8] P. J. Gowin and T. Konishi, "Nuclear seawater desalination—IAEA activities and economic evaluation for southern Europe," Desalination, vol. 126, no. 1-3, pp. 301-307, Nov. 1999.

9. [9] International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), "DEEP 5 User Manual: Desalination Economic Evaluation Programme," Vienna, 2013.
10. [10] R. S. Faibish and H. Ettouney, "MSF nuclear desalination," Desalination, vol. 157, no. 1-3, pp. 277-287, Aug. 2003.
11. [11] R. S. Faibish and T. Konishi, "Nuclear desalination: a viable option for producing freshwater," Desalination, vol. 157, no. 1-3, pp. 241-252, Aug. 2003.
12. [12] S. Nisan and S. Dardour, "Economic evaluation of nuclear desalination systems," Desalination, vol. 205, no. 1-3, pp. 231-242, Feb. 2007.
13. [13] M. Methnani, "Influence of fuel costs on seawater desalination options," Desalination, vol. 205, no. 1-3, pp. 332-339, Feb. 2007.
14. [14] O. K. Bouhelal, R. Merrouch, and D. Zejli, "Costs investigation of coupling an RO desalination system with a combined cycle power plant using DEEP code," Desalination, vol. 165, pp. 251-257, 2004.
15. [15] S. Mansour, "Economic analysis of water desalination plants using DEEP program," Int. J. Adv. Res., vol. 4, pp. 1304-1310, Jan. 2016.
16. [16] J. Li, H. Sun, X. Ye, S. Gao, and J. Yang, "Economic evaluation of 20,000 m3/day seawater desalination coupling with floating reactor nuclear power plant," in IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci., vol. 300, no. 4, 2019, p. 042053.
17. [17] A. Al-Karaghouli and L. Kazmerski, "Economic and technical analysis of a reverse-osmosis water desalination plant using DEEP-3.2 software," J. Environ. Sci. Eng. A, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 318-328, 2012.
18. [18] IAEA, "Economics of Nuclear Desalination: New Developments and Site Specific Studies," IAEA-TECDOC-1561, Vienna, 2007.
19. [19] H. T. El-Dessouky and H. M. Ettouney, Fundamentals of Salt Water Desalination. Elsevier, 2002.
20. [20] IAEA, "DEEP 5.0 User Manual: Desalination Economic Evaluation Program," International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 2018.
21. [21] M. F. Goosen, S. S. Sablani, S. S. Al-Maskari, R. H. Al-Belushi, and M. Wilf, "Effect of feed temperature on permeate flux and mass transfer coefficient in spiral-wound reverse osmosis systems," Desalination, vol. 144, no. 1-3, pp. 367-372, Sep. 2002.
22. [22] IAEA, "DEEP 5.0 User Manual: Desalination Economic Evaluation Program," International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 2018.
23. [23] IAEA, "DEEP: Desalination Economic Evaluation Program User’s Manual," International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 2010.
24. [24] H. A. H. Gnaifaid, "Development and thermodynamic analyses of integrated renewable energy based fresh water production systems via reverse osmosis desalination," Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Mech. Eng., Karabük Univ., Karabük, Turkey, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi