Evaluation of technical and financial benefits of battery energy storage system control strategies
Yıl 2023,
Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3, 513 - 534, 22.09.2023
Fatih Oğuzalp
,
Musa Terkes
,
Alpaslan Demirci
Öz
The recent increase in renewable energy generation can balance consumption and reduce carbon emissions. With battery energy storage optimizing supply and demand, it is more important than ever to manage charge control to the benefit of all stakeholders. In this paper, the developed and proposed energy management control methods based on the technical operating criteria of battery energy storage (BESS) and considering self-consumption rate (SCR), self-supply rate (SSR) and curtailment rate are compared in terms of environmental index and economics for daily and annual demand profiles for various household prosumer demand profiles in Istanbul and Antalya. Considering the supply-demand matching based on demand profile, feed-in damping, fixed feed-in, schedule mode, schedule mode with constant charging power and self-consumption control methods are proposed for optimum operation for each prosumer profile. The results show that feed-in damping and fixed feed-in methods can reduce household prosumer costs by up to 22.3% in the daily analysis. Moreover, similar control methods can increase SCR by up to 29.5% and reduce costs by up to 10.62% for higher irradiances in the annual analysis. Proper management of BESS charge control can facilitate sustainable development goals by assisting plans of many stakeholders.
Kaynakça
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- [2] Lin J, Sun J, Feng Y, Zheng M, Yu Z. Aggregate demand response strategies for smart communities with
battery-charging/switching electric vehicles. Journal of Energy Storage 2023; 58: 106413-106424.
- [3] Dong S, Kremers E, Brucoli M, Rothman R, Brown S. Establishing the value of community energy storage: A
comparative analysis of the UK and Germany. Journal of Energy Storage 2021; 40: 102709-102723.
- [4] Duman AC, Erden HS, Gönül Ö, Güler Ö. Optimal sizing of PV-BESS units for home energy management
system-equipped households considering day-ahead load scheduling for demand response and self-consumption. Energy and Buildings 2022; 267: 112164-112182.
- [5] Elio J, Milcarek RJ. A comparison of optimal peak clipping and load shifting energy storage dispatch
control strategies for event-based demand response. Energy Conversion and Management 2023; 19: 100392-100402.
- [6] Chen Y, Zhao C, Wei W, Wu Q, Hou Y, Pandžić H. Guest editorial: Low‐carbon operation and marketing of
distribution systems. IET Renewable Power Generation 2022; 16: 2463–2467.
- [7] Liu J, Hu C, Kimber A, Wang Z. Uses, cost-benefit analysis, and markets of energy storage systems for
electric grid applications. Journal of Energy Storage 2020; 32: 101731-101746.
- [8] Faraji J, Ketabi A, Hashemi-Dezaki H. Optimization of the scheduling and operation of prosumers
considering the loss of life costs of battery storage systems. Journal of Energy Storage 2020; 31: 101655-101672.
- [9] Mustika AD, Rigo-Mariani R, Debusschere V, Pachurka A. A two-stage management strategy for the optimal
operation and billing in an energy community with collective self-consumption. Applied Energy 2022; 310:
118484-118495.
- [10] Hossain MA, Pota HR, Squartini S, Abdou AF. Modified PSO algorithm for real-time energy management in
grid-connected microgrids. Renewable Energy 2019; 136: 746–757.
- [11] Hu Y, Schofield N, Shobayo LO, Zhao N. Investigation of transient energy storage sources for support of
future electrical power systems. IET Renewable Power Generation 2020; 14: 1296–1303.
- [12] Muratori M, Rizzoni G. Residential demand response: Dynamic energy management and time-varying
electricity pricing. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 2016; 31: 1108–1117.
- [13] Tang H, Wang S. Energy flexibility quantification of grid-responsive buildings: Energy flexibility index and
assessment of their effectiveness for applications. Energy 2021; 221: 119756-119772.
- [14] Li X, Wang S. A review on energy management, operation control and application methods for grid battery
energy storage systems. CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2021; 7: 1026-1040.
- [15] Bluhm H, Gährs S. Environmental assessment of prosumer digitalization: The case of virtual pooling of PV
battery storage systems. Journal of Energy Storage 2023; 59: 106487-106500.
- [16] Lee ZE, Zhang KM. Regulated peer-to-peer energy markets for harnessing decentralized demand flexibility.
Applied Energy 2023; 336: 120672-120684.
- [17] Morey M, Gupta N, Garg MM, Kumar A. A comprehensive review of grid-connected solar photovoltaic
system: Architecture, control, and ancillary services. Renewable Energy Focus 2023; 45: 307–330.
- [18] Xu Y, Parisio A, Li Z, Dong Z, Ding Z. Optimization-based ramping reserve allocation of BESS for AGC
enhancement. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 2023; Early Access: 1–15.
- [19] Sarfarazi S, Mohammadi S, Khastieva D, Hesamzadeh MR, Bertsch V, Bunn D. An optimal real-time pricing
strategy for aggregating distributed generation and battery storage systems in energy communities: A
stochastic bilevel optimization approach. International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems 2023;
147: 108770-108788.
- [20] Aranzabal I, Gomez-Cornejo J, López I, Zubiria A, Mazón J, Feijoo-Arostegui A, Gaztañaga H. Optimal
management of an energy community with PV and battery-energy-storage systems. Energies 2023; 16: 789-
812.
- [21] Nousdilis AI, Kryonidis GC, Kontis EO, Barzegkar‐Ntovom GA, Panapakidis IP, Christoforidis GC, Papagiannis
GK. Impact of policy incentives on the promotion of integrated PV and battery storage systems: a techno‐
economic assessment. IET Renewable Power Generation 2020; 14: 1174–1183.
- [22] Zhang Q, Yan J, Gao HO, You F. A systematic review on power systems planning and operations management with grid integration of transportation electrification at scale. Advances in Applied Energy 2023;
11: 100147-100170.
- [23] Maturo A, Vallianos C, Buonomano A, Athienitis A. A novel multi-level predictive management strategy to
optimize phase-change energy storage and building-integrated renewable technologies operation under
dynamic tariffs. Energy Conversion and Management 2023; 291: 117220-117235.
- [24] Asri R, Aki H, Kodaira D. Optimal operation of shared energy storage on islanded microgrid for remote
communities. Sustainable Energy, Grids and Networks 2023; Early Access: 101104-101145.
- [25] Shabani M, Wallin F, Dahlquist E, Yan J. The impact of battery operating management strategies on life
cycle cost assessment in real power market for a grid-connected residential battery application. Energy 2023;
270: 126829-126843.
- [26] Liu Y, Zhang Y, Cheng G, Lv K, Zhu J, Che Y. Grid-friendly energy prosumers based on the energy router with
load switching functionality. International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems 2023; 144: 108496-
108510.
- [27] Li J, Danzer MA. Optimal charge control strategies for stationary photovoltaic battery systems. Journal of
Power Sources 2014; 258: 365–373.
- [28] Zeh A, Witzmann R. Operational strategies for battery storage systems in low-voltage distribution grids to
limit the feed-in power of roof-mounted solar power systems. Energy Procedia 2014; 46: 114–123.
- [29] Resch M, Ramadhani B, Bühler J, Sumper A. Comparison of control strategies of residential PV storage
systems. 9th International Renewable Energy Storage Conference (IRES), Messe, Düsseldorf, Germany, 2015.
- [30] Struth J, Leuthold M, Aretz A, Bost M. PV-Benefit: A critical review of the effect of grid integrated PV-storage-
systems. 8th International Renewable Energy Storage Conference and Exhibition (IRES), Berlin, Germany, 2013.
- [31] Schneider M, Boras P, Schaede H, Quurck L, Rinderknecht S. Effects of operational strategies on
performance and costs of electric energy storage systems. Energy Procedia 2014; 46: 271–280.
- [32] Ueda Y, Kurokawa K. Study on the over voltage problem and battery operation for grid connected
residential PV systems. 22nd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference (EU PVSEC), Milan, Italy, 2007.
- [33] Artaş SB, Kocaman E, Bilgiç HH, Tutumlu H, Yağlı H, Yumrutaş R. Why PV panels must be recycled at the end of their economic life span? A case study on recycling together with the global situation. Process Safety and
Environmental Protection 2023; 174: 63–78.
- [34] Zhao C, Andersen PB, Træholt C, Hashemi S. Grid-connected battery energy storage system : A review on
application and integration. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2023; 182: 113400-113418.
- [35] Libra M, Mrázek D, Tyukhov I, Severová L, Poulek V, Mach J, Šubrt T, Beránek V, Svoboda R, Sedláček J.
Reduced real lifetime of PV panels – Economic consequences. Solar Energy 2023; 259: 229–234.
- [36] Alijanov DD, Topvoldiyev NA. Physical and technical fundamentals of photoelectric solar panels energy.
Theoretical & Applied Science 2022; 108 (4): 501-505.
- [37] Terkes M, Demirci A, Gokalp E. An evaluation of optimal sized second-life electric vehicle batteries
improving technical, economic, and environmental effects of hybrid power systems. Energy Conversion and Management 2023; 291: 117272-117286.
- [38] Terkes M, Tercan SM, Demirci A, Gokalp E. An evaluation of renewable fraction using energy storage for
electric vehicle charging station. 4th International Congress on Human-Computer Interaction, Optimization
and Robotic Applications (HORA), Ankara, Türkiye, 2022.
- [39] Tercan SM, Demirci A, Gokalp E, Cali U. Maximizing self-consumption rates and power quality towards two-
stage evaluation for solar energy and shared energy storage empowered microgrids. Journal of Energy
Storage 2022; 51: 104561-104573.
- [40] Keskin B, Şora Günal E, Urazel B, Keskin K. Elektrikli araç bataryalarının şarj durum tahmini için bir model.
Nicel Bilimler Dergisi 2022; 4: 161–175.
- [41] Wang S, Fan Y, Stroe D, Fernandez C, Yu C, Cao W, Chen Z. Lithium-ion battery characteristics and
applications. Battery System Modeling 2021; 1: 1-46.
- [42] Mazzeo D, Leva S, Matera N, Kontoleon KJ, Saboor S, Pirouz B, Elkadeem MR. A user-friendly and accurate
machine learning tool for the evaluation of the worldwide yearly photovoltaic electricity production. Energy Reports 2023; 9: 6267–6294.
- [43] NASA. Prediction of worldwide energy resource (POWER) database. Access: June 2023.
https://power.larc.nasa.gov.
- [44] Weniger J, Tijaden T, Quaschning V. Sizing and grid integration of residential PV battery systems. 8th
International Renewable Energy Storage Conference (IRES), Berlin, Germany, 2013.
Yıl 2023,
Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3, 513 - 534, 22.09.2023
Fatih Oğuzalp
,
Musa Terkes
,
Alpaslan Demirci
Kaynakça
- [1] Pippi KD, Papadopoulos TA, Kryonidis GC. Impact assessment framework of PV‐BES systems to active distribution networks. IET Renewable Power Generation 2022; 16: 33–47.
- [2] Lin J, Sun J, Feng Y, Zheng M, Yu Z. Aggregate demand response strategies for smart communities with
battery-charging/switching electric vehicles. Journal of Energy Storage 2023; 58: 106413-106424.
- [3] Dong S, Kremers E, Brucoli M, Rothman R, Brown S. Establishing the value of community energy storage: A
comparative analysis of the UK and Germany. Journal of Energy Storage 2021; 40: 102709-102723.
- [4] Duman AC, Erden HS, Gönül Ö, Güler Ö. Optimal sizing of PV-BESS units for home energy management
system-equipped households considering day-ahead load scheduling for demand response and self-consumption. Energy and Buildings 2022; 267: 112164-112182.
- [5] Elio J, Milcarek RJ. A comparison of optimal peak clipping and load shifting energy storage dispatch
control strategies for event-based demand response. Energy Conversion and Management 2023; 19: 100392-100402.
- [6] Chen Y, Zhao C, Wei W, Wu Q, Hou Y, Pandžić H. Guest editorial: Low‐carbon operation and marketing of
distribution systems. IET Renewable Power Generation 2022; 16: 2463–2467.
- [7] Liu J, Hu C, Kimber A, Wang Z. Uses, cost-benefit analysis, and markets of energy storage systems for
electric grid applications. Journal of Energy Storage 2020; 32: 101731-101746.
- [8] Faraji J, Ketabi A, Hashemi-Dezaki H. Optimization of the scheduling and operation of prosumers
considering the loss of life costs of battery storage systems. Journal of Energy Storage 2020; 31: 101655-101672.
- [9] Mustika AD, Rigo-Mariani R, Debusschere V, Pachurka A. A two-stage management strategy for the optimal
operation and billing in an energy community with collective self-consumption. Applied Energy 2022; 310:
118484-118495.
- [10] Hossain MA, Pota HR, Squartini S, Abdou AF. Modified PSO algorithm for real-time energy management in
grid-connected microgrids. Renewable Energy 2019; 136: 746–757.
- [11] Hu Y, Schofield N, Shobayo LO, Zhao N. Investigation of transient energy storage sources for support of
future electrical power systems. IET Renewable Power Generation 2020; 14: 1296–1303.
- [12] Muratori M, Rizzoni G. Residential demand response: Dynamic energy management and time-varying
electricity pricing. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 2016; 31: 1108–1117.
- [13] Tang H, Wang S. Energy flexibility quantification of grid-responsive buildings: Energy flexibility index and
assessment of their effectiveness for applications. Energy 2021; 221: 119756-119772.
- [14] Li X, Wang S. A review on energy management, operation control and application methods for grid battery
energy storage systems. CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2021; 7: 1026-1040.
- [15] Bluhm H, Gährs S. Environmental assessment of prosumer digitalization: The case of virtual pooling of PV
battery storage systems. Journal of Energy Storage 2023; 59: 106487-106500.
- [16] Lee ZE, Zhang KM. Regulated peer-to-peer energy markets for harnessing decentralized demand flexibility.
Applied Energy 2023; 336: 120672-120684.
- [17] Morey M, Gupta N, Garg MM, Kumar A. A comprehensive review of grid-connected solar photovoltaic
system: Architecture, control, and ancillary services. Renewable Energy Focus 2023; 45: 307–330.
- [18] Xu Y, Parisio A, Li Z, Dong Z, Ding Z. Optimization-based ramping reserve allocation of BESS for AGC
enhancement. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 2023; Early Access: 1–15.
- [19] Sarfarazi S, Mohammadi S, Khastieva D, Hesamzadeh MR, Bertsch V, Bunn D. An optimal real-time pricing
strategy for aggregating distributed generation and battery storage systems in energy communities: A
stochastic bilevel optimization approach. International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems 2023;
147: 108770-108788.
- [20] Aranzabal I, Gomez-Cornejo J, López I, Zubiria A, Mazón J, Feijoo-Arostegui A, Gaztañaga H. Optimal
management of an energy community with PV and battery-energy-storage systems. Energies 2023; 16: 789-
812.
- [21] Nousdilis AI, Kryonidis GC, Kontis EO, Barzegkar‐Ntovom GA, Panapakidis IP, Christoforidis GC, Papagiannis
GK. Impact of policy incentives on the promotion of integrated PV and battery storage systems: a techno‐
economic assessment. IET Renewable Power Generation 2020; 14: 1174–1183.
- [22] Zhang Q, Yan J, Gao HO, You F. A systematic review on power systems planning and operations management with grid integration of transportation electrification at scale. Advances in Applied Energy 2023;
11: 100147-100170.
- [23] Maturo A, Vallianos C, Buonomano A, Athienitis A. A novel multi-level predictive management strategy to
optimize phase-change energy storage and building-integrated renewable technologies operation under
dynamic tariffs. Energy Conversion and Management 2023; 291: 117220-117235.
- [24] Asri R, Aki H, Kodaira D. Optimal operation of shared energy storage on islanded microgrid for remote
communities. Sustainable Energy, Grids and Networks 2023; Early Access: 101104-101145.
- [25] Shabani M, Wallin F, Dahlquist E, Yan J. The impact of battery operating management strategies on life
cycle cost assessment in real power market for a grid-connected residential battery application. Energy 2023;
270: 126829-126843.
- [26] Liu Y, Zhang Y, Cheng G, Lv K, Zhu J, Che Y. Grid-friendly energy prosumers based on the energy router with
load switching functionality. International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems 2023; 144: 108496-
108510.
- [27] Li J, Danzer MA. Optimal charge control strategies for stationary photovoltaic battery systems. Journal of
Power Sources 2014; 258: 365–373.
- [28] Zeh A, Witzmann R. Operational strategies for battery storage systems in low-voltage distribution grids to
limit the feed-in power of roof-mounted solar power systems. Energy Procedia 2014; 46: 114–123.
- [29] Resch M, Ramadhani B, Bühler J, Sumper A. Comparison of control strategies of residential PV storage
systems. 9th International Renewable Energy Storage Conference (IRES), Messe, Düsseldorf, Germany, 2015.
- [30] Struth J, Leuthold M, Aretz A, Bost M. PV-Benefit: A critical review of the effect of grid integrated PV-storage-
systems. 8th International Renewable Energy Storage Conference and Exhibition (IRES), Berlin, Germany, 2013.
- [31] Schneider M, Boras P, Schaede H, Quurck L, Rinderknecht S. Effects of operational strategies on
performance and costs of electric energy storage systems. Energy Procedia 2014; 46: 271–280.
- [32] Ueda Y, Kurokawa K. Study on the over voltage problem and battery operation for grid connected
residential PV systems. 22nd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference (EU PVSEC), Milan, Italy, 2007.
- [33] Artaş SB, Kocaman E, Bilgiç HH, Tutumlu H, Yağlı H, Yumrutaş R. Why PV panels must be recycled at the end of their economic life span? A case study on recycling together with the global situation. Process Safety and
Environmental Protection 2023; 174: 63–78.
- [34] Zhao C, Andersen PB, Træholt C, Hashemi S. Grid-connected battery energy storage system : A review on
application and integration. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2023; 182: 113400-113418.
- [35] Libra M, Mrázek D, Tyukhov I, Severová L, Poulek V, Mach J, Šubrt T, Beránek V, Svoboda R, Sedláček J.
Reduced real lifetime of PV panels – Economic consequences. Solar Energy 2023; 259: 229–234.
- [36] Alijanov DD, Topvoldiyev NA. Physical and technical fundamentals of photoelectric solar panels energy.
Theoretical & Applied Science 2022; 108 (4): 501-505.
- [37] Terkes M, Demirci A, Gokalp E. An evaluation of optimal sized second-life electric vehicle batteries
improving technical, economic, and environmental effects of hybrid power systems. Energy Conversion and Management 2023; 291: 117272-117286.
- [38] Terkes M, Tercan SM, Demirci A, Gokalp E. An evaluation of renewable fraction using energy storage for
electric vehicle charging station. 4th International Congress on Human-Computer Interaction, Optimization
and Robotic Applications (HORA), Ankara, Türkiye, 2022.
- [39] Tercan SM, Demirci A, Gokalp E, Cali U. Maximizing self-consumption rates and power quality towards two-
stage evaluation for solar energy and shared energy storage empowered microgrids. Journal of Energy
Storage 2022; 51: 104561-104573.
- [40] Keskin B, Şora Günal E, Urazel B, Keskin K. Elektrikli araç bataryalarının şarj durum tahmini için bir model.
Nicel Bilimler Dergisi 2022; 4: 161–175.
- [41] Wang S, Fan Y, Stroe D, Fernandez C, Yu C, Cao W, Chen Z. Lithium-ion battery characteristics and
applications. Battery System Modeling 2021; 1: 1-46.
- [42] Mazzeo D, Leva S, Matera N, Kontoleon KJ, Saboor S, Pirouz B, Elkadeem MR. A user-friendly and accurate
machine learning tool for the evaluation of the worldwide yearly photovoltaic electricity production. Energy Reports 2023; 9: 6267–6294.
- [43] NASA. Prediction of worldwide energy resource (POWER) database. Access: June 2023.
https://power.larc.nasa.gov.
- [44] Weniger J, Tijaden T, Quaschning V. Sizing and grid integration of residential PV battery systems. 8th
International Renewable Energy Storage Conference (IRES), Berlin, Germany, 2013.