Impacts of Low Impact Development (LID) Practices on Urban Stormwater Drainage System

Öz

With climate change and increasing urbanization, efficient water use is becoming increasingly important. Today, rainwater harvesting aims to reuse rainwater and reduce the pressure on the water supply. In addition, Low Impact Development (LID) practices, which include nature-based solutions to conserve water resources, are of great importance. LID is a stormwater management practice designed to protect the hydrological cycle and reduce the negative impacts of flooding and diffuse pollution sources. In this study, the Environmental Protection Agency Stormwater Management Model (EPA SWMM) was used to create a hydrological and hydraulic model of a residential area in Esenyurt district of Istanbul, which is under urbanization pressure. Then, different LID practices were integrated into the model and their effects on runoff and total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations were investigated. In this context, rainfall with 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100-year return periods and stormwater drainage plans obtained from ISKI were used in the model. Within the scope of the study, rain barrel/tank (RB), rain garden (RG), and permeable pavement (PP) LID applications were included in the hydrological-hydraulic model. When the model results were analyzed, it was observed that LID applications significantly reduced the peak flow rate and TSS concentration values. As a result of the simulations, it was observed that LID applications decreased the peak value of runoff generated by rainfall with 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 return periods by 9.89%, 10.46%, 9.43%, 9.14%, 9.34% and 9.02% and the maximum concentration values of suspended solids by 3.85%, 3.25%, 3.17%, 4.80%, 4.64% and 4.75%, respectively.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Low Impact Development (LID)
• Stormwater Drainage
• Urban infrastructure
• Stormwater harvest
• Surface Runoff
• Total Suspended Solid (TSS)
• EPA-SWMM

Düşük Etkili Kentleşme (DEK) Uygulamalarının Kentsel Yağmursuyu Drenaj Sistemi Üzerindeki Etkileri

Öz

İklim değişimi ve kentleşme hızının artmasıyla birlikte verimli su kullanımının önemi giderek artmaktadır. Günümüzde, yağmursuyu hasadı yapılarak yağmur suyunun tekrar kullanılması ve su temini üzerindeki baskının azaltması hedeflemektedir. Ayrıca, su kaynaklarının korunması amacıyla doğa tabanlı çözüm yöntemlerini içeren Düşük Etkili Kentleşme (DEK) uygulamalarının kullanılması büyük öneme sahiptir. DEK, hidrolojik çevrimi korumak, selin ve yayılı kirlilik kaynaklarının olumsuz etkilerini azaltmak için tasarlanmış bir yağmursuyu yönetimi uygulamasıdır. Bu çalışma kapsamında, Çevre Koruma Kuruluşu Yağmursuyu Yönetim Modeli (EPA SWMM) kullanılarak kentleşme baskısı altında olan İstanbul Esenyurt ilçesinde bulunan bir yerleşim alanının hidrolojik ve hidrolik modeli oluşturulmuştur. Daha sonra, farklı DEK uygulamaları modele entegre edilerek bu uygulamaların yüzeysel akışa ve askıda katı madde (AKM) konsantrasyonuna olan etkisi incelenmiştir. Bu kapsamda, 2, 5, 10, 25, 50 ve 100 yıllık tekerrür aralığına sahip yağışlar ile İSKİ’den temin edilen yağmursuyu drenaj planları modelde kullanılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında, yağmur varili/tankı (YV), yağmur bahçesi (YB) ve geçirimli kaldırım (GK) DEK uygulamaları, oluşturulan hidrolojik-hidrolik modele dahil edilmiştir. Model sonuçları incelendiğinde DEK uygulamalarının pik debiyi ve AKM konsantrasyon değerlerini büyük oranda azalttığı görülmüştür. Yapılan simülasyonlar sonucunda DEK uygulamalarının 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 tekerrür aralıklı yağışların oluşturduğu akışın pik değerini sırasıyla, %9.89, %10.46, %9.43, %9.14, %9.34 ve %9.02 ve askıda katı madde maksimum konsantrasyon değerlerini %3.85, %3.25, %3.17, %4.80, %4.64 ve %4.75 oranlarında düşürdüğü gözlemlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Düşük Etkili Kentleşme (DEK)
• Yağmursuyu drenajı
• Kentsel altyapı
• Yağmursuyu hasadı
• Yüzeysel akış
• Askıda Katı Madde (AKM)
• EPA-SWMM

Kaynakça

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