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Energy-Efficient Urban Landscapes: Advancing the Built Environment through Sustainable Ecological Planning

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 4, 109 - 122, 10.03.2025
https://doi.org/10.19072/ijet.1593415

Öz

The growing urgency of addressing environmental challenges highlights the need for research on their impacts on the built environment, particularly in urban areas where these issues adversely affect residents' well-being. Despite increasing recognition of climate-related challenges, limited attention has been given to adaptive strategies that harness local ecological resources, such as indigenous flora and green infrastructure, to promote energy efficiency and sustainability. This study examines strategies to enhance Nigeria’s urban landscapes through energy-efficient approaches in response to ongoing environmental changes. The objectives include: (i) identifying key factors influencing climate change and (ii) evaluating adaptive strategies for enhancing energy efficiency and resilience in urban environments. This research employs a total of 235 surveys amounting to 78.30 per cent of the sample that was gathered and examined. The Logistic regression analyses of Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software package Version 22 were used to analyze the collected data from online survey distributions. The results reveal that all factors related to climate change adaptation are statistically significant (p-values < 0.05), underscoring their critical role in fostering energy efficiency and resilience. The findings provide robust evidence for prioritizing national and regional adaptation strategies. Recommendations include integrating the significant factors into urban planning policies, emphasizing energy-efficient solutions, and fostering community engagement and education to promote awareness and adoption of adaptive measures. Future research should explore emerging technologies and interdisciplinary approaches to address energy efficiency, and climate risks, and offer a comprehensive framework for sustainable urban transformation.

Kaynakça

  • [1] Koutra, S., Mondejar, M. B., & Becue, V. (2022). The Nexus of ‘Urban Resilience ‘Energy Efficiency in Cities. Current Research in Environmental Sustainability, 4, 100118.
  • [2] Ejike-Alieji, A. U., & Ekpoh, I. J. (2021). Climate Variability and Rice Yield: Climatology Approach to Food Security. In Handbook of Climate Change Management: Research, Leadership, Transformation (pp. 1-27). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
  • [3] Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2007): The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Solomon, S., D. Qin,].
  • [4] Nejat, P., Jomehzadeh, F., Taheri, M. M., Gohari, M., & Majid, M. Z. A. (2015). A global review of energy consumption, CO2 emissions and policy in the residential sector (with an overview of the top ten CO2 emitting countries). Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, 43, 843-862.
  • [5] Bibri, S. E., & Krogstie, J. (2020). Environmentally data-driven smart sustainable cities: Applied innovative solutions for energy efficiency, pollution reduction, and urban metabolism. Energy Informatics, 3(1), 29.
  • [6] United Nations Environment Program (UNEP, 2013). Embedding the Environment in Sustainable Development Goals, UNEP Post-2015 Discussion Paper 1, Version 2. Nairobi: United Nations Environment Programme.
  • [7] Arowolo, A. O., Deng, X., Olatunji, O. A., & Obayelu, A. E. (2018). Assessing changes in the value of ecosystem services in response to land-use/land-cover dynamics in Nigeria. Science of the Total Environment, 636, 597-609.
  • [8] Onyango, A. O. (2018). Global and regional trends of urbanization: A critical review of the environmental and economic imprints. World Environment, 8(2), 47-62.
  • [9] Okali, D. (2004). Climate Change and Nigeria A Guide for Policy Makers. Canada-Nigeria Climate Change Capacity Development Project, NEST, Ibadan, Nigeria.
  • [10] Hettige H, Martin P, Singh M, Wheeler D (1994) IPPS-The Industrial Pollution Projection System, World Bank, Policy Research Working Paper.
  • [11] Olaniyi O. A., Funmilayo O. A, & Olutimehin I.O. (2014). Review of Climate Change and Its Effect On Nigeria Ecosystem International. Journal of Environment and Pollution Research. Vol.2, No.3, Pp.70-81.
  • [12] United Nations Environment Program (UNEP, 2014). Annual Report. https://wedocs.unep.org/20.500.11822/8607
  • [13] Ben, V. E., & Okon, D. E. (2020). Population, Environment and Planning for Sustainable Development in Nigeria. Ibom Journal of Social Issues, 10(1), 53-53.
  • [14] Nwankpa A. (2022). Managing existential risk and climate resilience: The case of Nigeria. https://www.brookings.edu/blog/africa-in-focus/2022/03/14/managing-existential-risk-and-climate-resilience-the-case-of-nigeria/
  • [15] National Bureau of Statistics (NBS, 2019). Annual Abstract of Statistics: National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria, 4–18.
  • [16] Pavate, V., Deshmukh, V. D., Kolekar, A., Mendapara, A., Patil, S., & Amrutatti, S. (2024). Green Building and Energy-Efficient Design. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Studies, 33-52.
  • [17] Agboola O.P., Alotaibi, S.A; Dodo, Y.A.; Abuhussain M. A. & Abuhussain M. (2024) Built environment transformation in Nigeria: the effects of a regenerative framework, Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering, 23:2, 789-812, DOI: 10.1080/13467581.2023.2238045
  • [18] Lee, J. S., Li, M. H. (2009). The impact of detention basin design on residential property value: case studies using GIS in the hedonic pricing model. Landscape and Urban Planning, No. 89, p. 7–16.
  • [19] McPherson E. G. (2005). Trees with Benefits. American Nurseryman. 1: 34- 40.
  • [20] Schaeffer, M., Baarsch, F., Adams, S., de Bruin, K., De Marez, L., Freitas, S., & Hare, B. (2013). Africa adaptation’s gap: Climate-change impacts, adaptation challenges and costs for Africa. AMCEN, UNEP, and Climate Analytics Tech. Rep, 44.
  • [21] Beyioku J. (2016). Climate change in Nigeria: A brief review of Causes, Effects, and Solution
  • [22] UN Climate Change News, 27 October 2020. Annual report. Available at: https://unfccc.int/news/climate-change-is-an-increasing-threat-to-africa. [ Accessed 29th January, 2023].
  • [23] Lloyd, S. J., Kovats, R. S., & Chalabi, Z. (2011). Climate change, crop yields, and undernutrition: development of a model to quantify the impact of climate scenarios on child undernutrition. Environmental health perspectives, 119(12), 1817-1823.
  • [24] Chrisna du Plessis (2012). Towards a regenerative paradigm for the built environment, Building Research & Information, 40:1, 7-22, DOI: 10.1080/09613218.2012.628548.
  • [25] Steiner, F., (2000). The living landscape: an ecological approach to landscape planning. 2nd ed. McGraw-Hill, New York.
  • [26] Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational Research Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research. (4th ed.) Boston: Pearson Education Inc.
  • [27] Cronbach, Lee & Shavelson, Richard. (2004). My Current Thoughts on Coefficient Alpha and Successor Procedures. Educational and Psychological Measurement - Educ Psychol Meas. 64. 391-418. 10.1177/0013164404266386.
  • [28] Field, A. (2000). Discovering statistics using SPSS for Windows. Sage Publications Ltd.
  • [29] Ibitoye, M and Eludoyin, A. (2010). Land Exposure and Soil Erosion in Part of Humid Region of Southwest Nigeria. FIG Congress, Sydney, Australia 11-16 April 2010.
  • [30] Kadir K.. O. (2006). Planning Sustainable Cities in Nigeria. Res. J. Soc. Sci. 1(1):40-50.
  • [31] Daramola A, & Eziyi O. I. (2010). Urban Environmental Problem in Nigeria: Implication for Sustainable Development. J. Sustainable Develop. In Africa. 12(1):124-145.
  • [32] Olagunju, T. E. (2015). Drought, desertification and the Nigerian environment: A review. Journal of Ecology and the Natural Environment, 7(7), 196-209.
  • [33] Leke, Jeffrey O. & Leke, Euphemia N. (2019): Environmental Sustainability and Development in Nigeria: Beyond the Rhetoric of Governance. International Journal of Development and Management Review, Vol. 14 No. 1.
  • [34] Agboola, O. P., Nia, H. A., Findikgil, M. M., & Yildirim, S. G. (2024). Assessing the effectiveness of the biophilic design approach in contribution to sustainable architectural goals. New Design Ideas, Volume 8 (Special Issue), 144-169. ISSN: 2522-4875. DOI:10.62476/ndisi144. https://doi.org/10.62476/ndisi144.
  • [35] Rajabifard, A., Bueti, C., Zeng, L., Wardlow, B., Wang, S., Tang, S., Xiong, Z., Li, D., Niyogi, D., (2019). Urban drought challenges 2030 sustainable development goals. Sci. Total Environ. 693, 133536. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.342
  • [36] Agboola O. P. (2019). Exploring the Impact of Climate Change on Public Space: Consolidating Environmental Sustainability in Nigeria. Environmental Epidemiology: October 2019 - Volume 3 - Issue - p 4-5. DOI: 10.1097/01.EE9.0000605640. 12341.b0.
  • [37] Ahmed, I., Asif, M., Alhelou, H. H., & Khalid, M. (2024). A review on enhancing energy efficiency and adaptability through system integration for smart buildings. Journal of Building Engineering, 109354.
  • [38] Zhong, Y., & Li, Y. (2024). Statistical Evaluation of Sustainable Urban Planning: Integrating Renewable Energy Sources, Energy-Efficient Buildings, and Climate Resilience Measures. Sustainable Cities and Society, 101, 105160.
  • [39] Shah, K. J., Pan, S. Y., Lee, I., Kim, H., You, Z., Zheng, J. M., & Chiang, P. C. (2021). Green transportation for sustainability: Review of current barriers, strategies, and innovative technologies. Journal of Cleaner Production, 326, 129392.
  • [40] Allgood, B., Mann, T., Round, C., Wall, K., Musikanski, L., & Talmage, C. (2023). Bolstering community well-being through wildlife conservation: Broadened approaches engaging wildlife well-being and indigenous wisdom. Community Development, 54(5), 631-646.
  • [41] Shutaleva, A. (2023). Ecological culture and critical thinking: by the building of a sustainable future. Sustainability, 15(18), 13492.
  • [42] Panagopoulos, T., Sbarcea, M., & Herman, K. (2020). A biophilic mindset for a restorative built environment.
  • [43] World Meteorological Organization (2022). State of the Climate in Africa 2022 WMO-No. 1330, page 6
  • [44] Landscape Architecture and Art, 17 (17). World Meteorological Organization (2022) State of the Climate in Africa 2022 WMO-No. 1330, page 16.
  • [45] Hecht, K., Ortega Reboso, A., van der Vegt, M., Appelman, J., & Pedersen Zari, M. (2024). Ecologically Regenerative Building Systems through Exergy Efficiency: Designing for Structural Order and Ecosystem Services. Land, 13(9), 1375. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13091375

Enerji Verimli Kentsel Manzaralar: Sürdürülebilir Ekolojik Planlama ile Yapılı Çevreyi Geliştirmek

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 4, 109 - 122, 10.03.2025
https://doi.org/10.19072/ijet.1593415

Öz

Çevresel zorlukların süratli bir şekilde çözülmesi eylemi, özellikle bu sorunların kent sakinlerinin refahını olumsuz etkilediği kentsel alanlarda, yapılaşmış çevre üzerindeki etkilerine ilişkin araştırma ihtiyacını vurgulamaktadır. İklimle ilgili zorlukların giderek daha fazla fark edilmiş olmasına rağmen, enerji verimliliğini ve sürdürülebilirliği teşvik etmek için yerel bitki örtüsü, yeşil altyapı gibi yerel ekolojik kaynaklardan yararlanan uyarlanabilir stratejilere sınırlı ilgi gösterilmiştir. Bu çalışma, devam eden çevresel değişikliklere karşılık olarak Nijerya'nın kentsel peyzajı enerji verimli yaklaşımlarla geliştirme stratejilerini incelemektedir. Hedefler şunları içermektedir: (i) iklim değişikliğini etkileyen temel faktörlerin belirlenmesi ve (ii) kentsel dayanıklılık ve sürdürülebilirliğin geliştirilmesine yönelik uyarlanabilir stratejilerin değerlendirilmesi. Bulgular, iklim değişikliğine uyumuna dair tüm faktörlerin istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğunu (p-değerleri < 0,05) ortaya koymaktadır, enerji verimliliği ve dayanıklılığın geliştirilmesindeki kritik rollerinin altını çizmektedir. Bu sonuçlar, ulusal ve yerel uyum stratejilerinde bu faktörlere öncelik verilmesi için sağlam kanıtlar sunmaktadır. Öneriler arasında bu önemli faktörlerin kentsel planlama politikalarına entegre edilmesi, enerji verimli çözümlerin vurgulanması, adaptif önlemlerin farkındalığını ve benimsenmesini teşvik etmek için toplum katılımının ve eğitiminin teşvik edilmesi yer almaktadır. Gelecekteki araştırmalar, sürdürülebilir kentsel dönüşüm için kapsamlı bir çerçeve sunarak iklim risklerini ele almak için yeni teknolojileri ve disiplinler arası yaklaşımları keşfetmelidir.

Kaynakça

  • [1] Koutra, S., Mondejar, M. B., & Becue, V. (2022). The Nexus of ‘Urban Resilience ‘Energy Efficiency in Cities. Current Research in Environmental Sustainability, 4, 100118.
  • [2] Ejike-Alieji, A. U., & Ekpoh, I. J. (2021). Climate Variability and Rice Yield: Climatology Approach to Food Security. In Handbook of Climate Change Management: Research, Leadership, Transformation (pp. 1-27). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
  • [3] Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2007): The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Solomon, S., D. Qin,].
  • [4] Nejat, P., Jomehzadeh, F., Taheri, M. M., Gohari, M., & Majid, M. Z. A. (2015). A global review of energy consumption, CO2 emissions and policy in the residential sector (with an overview of the top ten CO2 emitting countries). Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, 43, 843-862.
  • [5] Bibri, S. E., & Krogstie, J. (2020). Environmentally data-driven smart sustainable cities: Applied innovative solutions for energy efficiency, pollution reduction, and urban metabolism. Energy Informatics, 3(1), 29.
  • [6] United Nations Environment Program (UNEP, 2013). Embedding the Environment in Sustainable Development Goals, UNEP Post-2015 Discussion Paper 1, Version 2. Nairobi: United Nations Environment Programme.
  • [7] Arowolo, A. O., Deng, X., Olatunji, O. A., & Obayelu, A. E. (2018). Assessing changes in the value of ecosystem services in response to land-use/land-cover dynamics in Nigeria. Science of the Total Environment, 636, 597-609.
  • [8] Onyango, A. O. (2018). Global and regional trends of urbanization: A critical review of the environmental and economic imprints. World Environment, 8(2), 47-62.
  • [9] Okali, D. (2004). Climate Change and Nigeria A Guide for Policy Makers. Canada-Nigeria Climate Change Capacity Development Project, NEST, Ibadan, Nigeria.
  • [10] Hettige H, Martin P, Singh M, Wheeler D (1994) IPPS-The Industrial Pollution Projection System, World Bank, Policy Research Working Paper.
  • [11] Olaniyi O. A., Funmilayo O. A, & Olutimehin I.O. (2014). Review of Climate Change and Its Effect On Nigeria Ecosystem International. Journal of Environment and Pollution Research. Vol.2, No.3, Pp.70-81.
  • [12] United Nations Environment Program (UNEP, 2014). Annual Report. https://wedocs.unep.org/20.500.11822/8607
  • [13] Ben, V. E., & Okon, D. E. (2020). Population, Environment and Planning for Sustainable Development in Nigeria. Ibom Journal of Social Issues, 10(1), 53-53.
  • [14] Nwankpa A. (2022). Managing existential risk and climate resilience: The case of Nigeria. https://www.brookings.edu/blog/africa-in-focus/2022/03/14/managing-existential-risk-and-climate-resilience-the-case-of-nigeria/
  • [15] National Bureau of Statistics (NBS, 2019). Annual Abstract of Statistics: National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria, 4–18.
  • [16] Pavate, V., Deshmukh, V. D., Kolekar, A., Mendapara, A., Patil, S., & Amrutatti, S. (2024). Green Building and Energy-Efficient Design. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Studies, 33-52.
  • [17] Agboola O.P., Alotaibi, S.A; Dodo, Y.A.; Abuhussain M. A. & Abuhussain M. (2024) Built environment transformation in Nigeria: the effects of a regenerative framework, Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering, 23:2, 789-812, DOI: 10.1080/13467581.2023.2238045
  • [18] Lee, J. S., Li, M. H. (2009). The impact of detention basin design on residential property value: case studies using GIS in the hedonic pricing model. Landscape and Urban Planning, No. 89, p. 7–16.
  • [19] McPherson E. G. (2005). Trees with Benefits. American Nurseryman. 1: 34- 40.
  • [20] Schaeffer, M., Baarsch, F., Adams, S., de Bruin, K., De Marez, L., Freitas, S., & Hare, B. (2013). Africa adaptation’s gap: Climate-change impacts, adaptation challenges and costs for Africa. AMCEN, UNEP, and Climate Analytics Tech. Rep, 44.
  • [21] Beyioku J. (2016). Climate change in Nigeria: A brief review of Causes, Effects, and Solution
  • [22] UN Climate Change News, 27 October 2020. Annual report. Available at: https://unfccc.int/news/climate-change-is-an-increasing-threat-to-africa. [ Accessed 29th January, 2023].
  • [23] Lloyd, S. J., Kovats, R. S., & Chalabi, Z. (2011). Climate change, crop yields, and undernutrition: development of a model to quantify the impact of climate scenarios on child undernutrition. Environmental health perspectives, 119(12), 1817-1823.
  • [24] Chrisna du Plessis (2012). Towards a regenerative paradigm for the built environment, Building Research & Information, 40:1, 7-22, DOI: 10.1080/09613218.2012.628548.
  • [25] Steiner, F., (2000). The living landscape: an ecological approach to landscape planning. 2nd ed. McGraw-Hill, New York.
  • [26] Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational Research Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research. (4th ed.) Boston: Pearson Education Inc.
  • [27] Cronbach, Lee & Shavelson, Richard. (2004). My Current Thoughts on Coefficient Alpha and Successor Procedures. Educational and Psychological Measurement - Educ Psychol Meas. 64. 391-418. 10.1177/0013164404266386.
  • [28] Field, A. (2000). Discovering statistics using SPSS for Windows. Sage Publications Ltd.
  • [29] Ibitoye, M and Eludoyin, A. (2010). Land Exposure and Soil Erosion in Part of Humid Region of Southwest Nigeria. FIG Congress, Sydney, Australia 11-16 April 2010.
  • [30] Kadir K.. O. (2006). Planning Sustainable Cities in Nigeria. Res. J. Soc. Sci. 1(1):40-50.
  • [31] Daramola A, & Eziyi O. I. (2010). Urban Environmental Problem in Nigeria: Implication for Sustainable Development. J. Sustainable Develop. In Africa. 12(1):124-145.
  • [32] Olagunju, T. E. (2015). Drought, desertification and the Nigerian environment: A review. Journal of Ecology and the Natural Environment, 7(7), 196-209.
  • [33] Leke, Jeffrey O. & Leke, Euphemia N. (2019): Environmental Sustainability and Development in Nigeria: Beyond the Rhetoric of Governance. International Journal of Development and Management Review, Vol. 14 No. 1.
  • [34] Agboola, O. P., Nia, H. A., Findikgil, M. M., & Yildirim, S. G. (2024). Assessing the effectiveness of the biophilic design approach in contribution to sustainable architectural goals. New Design Ideas, Volume 8 (Special Issue), 144-169. ISSN: 2522-4875. DOI:10.62476/ndisi144. https://doi.org/10.62476/ndisi144.
  • [35] Rajabifard, A., Bueti, C., Zeng, L., Wardlow, B., Wang, S., Tang, S., Xiong, Z., Li, D., Niyogi, D., (2019). Urban drought challenges 2030 sustainable development goals. Sci. Total Environ. 693, 133536. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.342
  • [36] Agboola O. P. (2019). Exploring the Impact of Climate Change on Public Space: Consolidating Environmental Sustainability in Nigeria. Environmental Epidemiology: October 2019 - Volume 3 - Issue - p 4-5. DOI: 10.1097/01.EE9.0000605640. 12341.b0.
  • [37] Ahmed, I., Asif, M., Alhelou, H. H., & Khalid, M. (2024). A review on enhancing energy efficiency and adaptability through system integration for smart buildings. Journal of Building Engineering, 109354.
  • [38] Zhong, Y., & Li, Y. (2024). Statistical Evaluation of Sustainable Urban Planning: Integrating Renewable Energy Sources, Energy-Efficient Buildings, and Climate Resilience Measures. Sustainable Cities and Society, 101, 105160.
  • [39] Shah, K. J., Pan, S. Y., Lee, I., Kim, H., You, Z., Zheng, J. M., & Chiang, P. C. (2021). Green transportation for sustainability: Review of current barriers, strategies, and innovative technologies. Journal of Cleaner Production, 326, 129392.
  • [40] Allgood, B., Mann, T., Round, C., Wall, K., Musikanski, L., & Talmage, C. (2023). Bolstering community well-being through wildlife conservation: Broadened approaches engaging wildlife well-being and indigenous wisdom. Community Development, 54(5), 631-646.
  • [41] Shutaleva, A. (2023). Ecological culture and critical thinking: by the building of a sustainable future. Sustainability, 15(18), 13492.
  • [42] Panagopoulos, T., Sbarcea, M., & Herman, K. (2020). A biophilic mindset for a restorative built environment.
  • [43] World Meteorological Organization (2022). State of the Climate in Africa 2022 WMO-No. 1330, page 6
  • [44] Landscape Architecture and Art, 17 (17). World Meteorological Organization (2022) State of the Climate in Africa 2022 WMO-No. 1330, page 16.
  • [45] Hecht, K., Ortega Reboso, A., van der Vegt, M., Appelman, J., & Pedersen Zari, M. (2024). Ecologically Regenerative Building Systems through Exergy Efficiency: Designing for Structural Order and Ecosystem Services. Land, 13(9), 1375. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13091375
Toplam 45 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Mimari Bilim ve Teknoloji, Sürdürülebilir Mimari, Altyapı Mühendisliği ve Varlık Yönetimi, Mimari Mühendislik
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Oluwagbemiga Paul Agboola 0000-0003-0384-1334

Murat Arapoglu 0000-0002-1518-782X

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 8 Mart 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 10 Mart 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 29 Kasım 2024
Kabul Tarihi 23 Şubat 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Agboola, O. . P., & Arapoglu, M. (2025). Energy-Efficient Urban Landscapes: Advancing the Built Environment through Sustainable Ecological Planning. International Journal of Engineering Technologies IJET, 9(4), 109-122. https://doi.org/10.19072/ijet.1593415
AMA Agboola OP, Arapoglu M. Energy-Efficient Urban Landscapes: Advancing the Built Environment through Sustainable Ecological Planning. IJET. Mart 2025;9(4):109-122. doi:10.19072/ijet.1593415
Chicago Agboola, Oluwagbemiga Paul, ve Murat Arapoglu. “Energy-Efficient Urban Landscapes: Advancing the Built Environment through Sustainable Ecological Planning”. International Journal of Engineering Technologies IJET 9, sy. 4 (Mart 2025): 109-22. https://doi.org/10.19072/ijet.1593415.
EndNote Agboola OP, Arapoglu M (01 Mart 2025) Energy-Efficient Urban Landscapes: Advancing the Built Environment through Sustainable Ecological Planning. International Journal of Engineering Technologies IJET 9 4 109–122.
IEEE O. . P. Agboola ve M. Arapoglu, “Energy-Efficient Urban Landscapes: Advancing the Built Environment through Sustainable Ecological Planning”, IJET, c. 9, sy. 4, ss. 109–122, 2025, doi: 10.19072/ijet.1593415.
ISNAD Agboola, Oluwagbemiga Paul - Arapoglu, Murat. “Energy-Efficient Urban Landscapes: Advancing the Built Environment through Sustainable Ecological Planning”. International Journal of Engineering Technologies IJET 9/4 (Mart 2025), 109-122. https://doi.org/10.19072/ijet.1593415.
JAMA Agboola OP, Arapoglu M. Energy-Efficient Urban Landscapes: Advancing the Built Environment through Sustainable Ecological Planning. IJET. 2025;9:109–122.
MLA Agboola, Oluwagbemiga Paul ve Murat Arapoglu. “Energy-Efficient Urban Landscapes: Advancing the Built Environment through Sustainable Ecological Planning”. International Journal of Engineering Technologies IJET, c. 9, sy. 4, 2025, ss. 109-22, doi:10.19072/ijet.1593415.
Vancouver Agboola OP, Arapoglu M. Energy-Efficient Urban Landscapes: Advancing the Built Environment through Sustainable Ecological Planning. IJET. 2025;9(4):109-22.

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