Government Budget Allocations for Tourism Infrastructure: A Comparative Analysis of Major European Destinations
Öz
This study examines how tourism administrations in France, Italy, and Spain allocate public budgets for tourism related infrastructure and how these priorities evolve between 2018 and 2025. Using a comparative longitudinal design and an Approach A+ boundary, the analysis categorizes expenditures into transport, heritage, facilities, sustainability, and digital infrastructure. Findings show that France’s annual spending is shaped by strong policy cycle effects linked to multi year program payment schedules. Spain displays a facilities dominant portfolio in earlier years, followed by a significant digital shift in 2023 driven by large intangible investments. For Italy, evidence from the Fondo Unico Nazionale per il Turismo (FUNT) indicates a clearly structured but still limited tourism administration envelope, characterized by a separation of current and capital allocations. However, restricted line item granularity prevents detailed category level mapping. Overall, the study highlights the growing importance of digital capacity, the influence of instrument design on annual totals, and the need for more transparent and consistent category reporting.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Comparative Analysis, Destination Competitiveness, Digital Transformation, Public Budget Allocation, Public Goods Theory, Tourism Infrastructure.
Kaynakça
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