Epistemological Transformation of Art History as a Liminal Field in the Digital Age

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 4, 447 - 476

Çağatay Olgun

Öz

This article examines the epistemological transformations of digital technologies and artificial intelligence (AI) on art history. Traditional methodologies and theoretical frameworks have to be re-evaluated in the face of new possibilities offered by digital tools. The study analyses the challenges and opportunities that art history faces in the process of digitalisation and offers suggestions for the future of the discipline. Research on the impact of digital technologies on art history generally focuses on the new possibilities and methodological innovations offered by technology. However, most of these studies do not sufficiently examine the effects of digitalisation on the epistemological foundations of art history. Our study aims to fill this gap in the literature by addressing the epistemological transformations of digital technologies in the discipline of art history. The conceptual proposition of "art history as a liminal space" forms the basis of the research. Liminality traditionally implies transitional stages, uncertainties and borderline situations in fields such as anthropology and cultural studies. The concept of art history as a liminal space defines the discipline's function as a transitional space between humanities and natural sciences perspectives. Thus, art history becomes a dynamic field that encourages innovative methods of analysis, thanks to the new epistemological situations offered by digital technologies and artificial intelligence. Moreover, the liminal character of art history refers to the discipline's potential to overcome the problems of uncertainty and transformation processes that arise in the process of adapting to the innovations brought about by the digital age. The research is based on qualitative methods. Data collection methods such as literature review, case studies and comparative analyses were used. The findings reveal the new opportunities that digital tools offer to art historians and the challenges they face; they also emphasise the need to redefine the epistemological foundations of art history in the digital age. The study questions the extent to which the discipline's traditional methodologies are able to respond to the requirements of the digital age and analyses the transformations necessary for the adaptation of art history to the digital paradigm. In this context, the research comprehensively addresses the challenges and opportunities that art history faces in the process of digitalisation, paving the way for the development of new theoretical frameworks and methods for the future of the discipline.

Anahtar Kelimeler

art history, artificial intelligence, big data, digitalisation, epistemology

Dijital Çağda Liminal Bir Alan Olarak Sanat Tarihinin Epistemolojik Dönüşümü

Öz

Bu makale, dijital teknolojiler ve yapay zekanın (YZ) sanat tarihi üzerindeki epistemolojik dönüşümlerini incelemektedir. Geleneksel metodolojiler ve teorik çerçeveler, dijital araçların sunduğu yeni olanaklar karşısında yeniden değerlendirilmek zorundadır. Çalışma, sanat tarihinin dijitalleşme sürecinde karşılaştığı zorlukları ve fırsatları analiz ederek, disiplinin geleceğine yönelik öneriler sunmaktadır. Dijital teknolojilerin sanat tarihi üzerindeki etkileri üzerine yapılan araştırmalar, genellikle teknolojinin sunduğu yeni olanaklar ve metodolojik yeniliklere odaklanmaktadır. Ancak, bu çalışmaların büyük bir kısmı, dijitalleşmenin sanat tarihinin epistemolojik temelleri üzerindeki etkilerini yeterince incelememektedir. Çalışmamız, dijital teknolojilerin sanat tarihi disiplinindeki epistemolojik dönüşümlerini ele alarak, literatürdeki bu boşluğu doldurmayı hedeflemektedir.
“Liminal bir mekân olarak sanat tarihi” kavramsal önermesi ise araştırmanın temelini oluşturmaktadır. Liminalite, geleneksel olarak antropoloji ve kültürel çalışmalar gibi alanlarda geçiş aşamalarını, belirsizlikleri ve sınır durumları imâ etmektedir. Liminal bir mekân olarak sanat tarihi kavramı disiplinin beşerî ve doğa bilimleri perspektifleri arasında bir geçiş alanı olarak işlev görmesini tanımlar. Böylece, sanat tarihi, dijital teknolojiler ve yapay zekanın sunduğu yeni epistemolojik durumlar sayesinde, yenilikçi analiz yöntemlerini teşvik eden dinamik bir alan haline gelir. Ayrıca, sanat tarihinin liminal karakteri, disiplinin dijital çağın getirdiği yeniliklere uyum sağlama sürecinde ortaya çıkan belirsizlik ve dönüşüm süreçlerine ilişkin sorunları aşma potansiyelini ifade etmektedir.
Araştırma, nitel yöntemlere dayalı olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Literatür taraması, vaka çalışmaları ve karşılaştırmalı analizler gibi veri toplama yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular, dijital araçların sanat tarihçilerine sunduğu yeni fırsatları ve karşılaştıkları zorlukları ortaya koymakta; ayrıca dijital çağda sanat tarihinin epistemolojik temellerinin yeniden tanımlanması gerektiğini vurgulamaktadır. Çalışma, disiplinin geleneksel metodolojilerinin dijital çağın gereksinimlerine ne ölçüde yanıt verebildiğini sorgularken, sanat tarihinin dijital paradigmaya adaptasyonu için gerekli olan dönüşümleri analiz etmektedir. Bu bağlamda, araştırma, sanat tarihinin dijitalleşme sürecinde karşılaştığı zorlukları ve fırsatları kapsamlı bir şekilde ele alarak, disiplinin geleceği için yeni teorik çerçeveler ve yöntemler geliştirilmesine zemin hazırlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

sanat tarihi, dijitalleşme, yapay zeka, büyük veri, epistemoloji, liminalite, metodoloji

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