Systemic Family Oriented Program Of Psycho-Education, Effect Of Values Of Spouses And Perceived Social Support On Dyadic Adjustment

Abstract

In this study, it is aimed to find out the effects of predicting variables on Dyadic Adjustment (DA) and to examine them by a psychoeducational programme. Values and Social Support are considered to be the predictor variables of Dyadic Adjustment (DA) here in this study. The sample participants of this study are randomly chosen, married, and employed two hundred and eleven Turkish couples (211 males and 211 females, 422 participants totally) who were born in the cities of Adana, Çanakkale, Bursa, İstanbul, Osmaniye and Zonguldak. Among these samples,  ten participants with low Dyadic Adjustment were chosen randomly for the experiment and control groups.  According to the results of experimental study, it can be said that x time effect is reasonable (p<.05) for all the dependent variables of the study, namely Dyadic Adjustment Psychoeducational Programme (DAPP), Marriage Adjustment, Values and Social Support. Psychoeducational Programmes to foster Dyatic Adjustment are effective to increase the marriage adjustment , and values and social support level. Moreover, this effect proved to be ongoing and increasing even after two months’ time. The results of the descriptive study and experimental study were discussed in the light of the findings, and suggestions for future researches were investigated and made.

Keywords

• Values,Systematic Family Theraphy and Perceived Social Support,Dyatic Adjustment.

Kaynakça

1. Abay, A. R. & Atila Demir, S. (2014). Belli Parametrelere Göre Kuşaklararası Sosyal Değişme (Aile Değerleri Üzerine Bir Karşılaştırma). Akademik İncelemeler Dergisi, (Intergenerational Social Change by certain parameters (A Comparison on Family Values). Academic Research Journal), 9 (1),125-151.
2. Albert, I., Ferring, D. & Michels, T. (2013). Intergenerational Family Relations in Luxembourg: Family Values and Intergenerational Solidarity in Portuguese Immigrant and Luxembourgish Families. European Psychologist, 18 (1), 59-69.
3. Arends-Toth, J. & van der Vijver, F. J. R. (2009). Cultural differences in family, marital, and gender-role values among immigrants and majority members in the Netherlands. International Journal of Psychology, 44 (3), 161-169.
4. Aydın, M. (2003). Gençliği Değer Algısı: Konya Örneği. Değerler Eğitimi Dergisi (Youth’s Value Perception: The Case of Konya. Values Education Journal), 1, 121-144.
5. Ayral, A. E. (1992). Akademisyenlerin Çalışmayla İlgili Değerleri.Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Marmara Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İngilizce İşletme Bölümü Organize Davranışlar Ana Bilim Dalı, (Values of Academics Related to Working. Unpublished master's thesis. Marmara University, Institute of Social Sciences, Department of Business Administration, Department of Organized Behaviour)
6. Batool, N. (2014). Work-Life Balance and Perceived Social Support among College Lecturers. Pakistan Business Review, 123-142.
7. Bauman, S.S.M., Wang, N., Deleon, C.W., Kafentzis, J., Zavala-Lopez, M., & Lindsey, M.S. (2004). Nontraditional Students’ Service Needs And Social Support Resources: A Pilot Study. Journal Of College Counseling, 7(1), 13-17.
8. Branje, S. J. T., van Aken, M.A. G. ve van Liesh, C. F. M. (2002). Relational Support in Families With Adolescents. Journal of Family Psychology, 16(3), 351–362

9. Caplan, G. (1974). Support Systems and Community Mental Health: Lectures on Conceptual Development. New York: Behavioral Publications.
10. Chang, P.M.Y. & Perl, P. (1999). Enforcing Family Values? The Effects of Marital Status on Clergy Earnings. Sociology of Religion, 60 (4), 403-417.
11. Chung, M.L., Moser, D.K., Lennie, T.A. & Frazier, S.K. (2013). Perceived social support predicted quality of life in patients with heart failure, but the effect is mediated by depressive symptoms. Quality of Life Research Journal, 22 (7), 1555-63.
12. Deaton, A. V. (1998). Treating Conversion Disorders: Is A Pediatric Rehabilitation Hospital The Place? Rehabilitation Psychology, 43(1), 56–62.
13. De La Iglesia, G., Hoffmann, A.F. & Fernandez Liporace, M. (2014). Perceived parenting and social support: can they predict academic achievement in Argentinean college students? Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 7, 251-259.
14. De La Iglesia G, Stover JB, Fernandez Liporace M. (2014). Perceived Social Support and Academic Achievement in Argentinean College Students. Europe's Journal of Psychology,10 (4), 637-649.
15. Dilmaç, B. and Arıcak, O.T. (16-18 November 2012). Değerler Ölçeği Geçerlilik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması.2. Uluslararası Değerler Eğitimi Sempozyumu (Value Scale Validity and Reliability Study. 2nd International Symposium on Values Education), İstanbul.
16. Eker, D., Arkar, H. and H. Yalzdı (2001). Çok Boyutlu Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeği'nin Gözden Geçirilmiş Formu Faktör Yapısı, Geçerlik Ve Güvenirliği. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi (Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support Revised Form Factor Structure, Validity and reliability. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry), 12(1),17-25
17. Ersanlı, K. and Kalkan M. (2008). Evlilik İlişkilerini Geliştirme Kuram Ve Uygulama. Ankara: Nobel Yayınları. (Development of Marriage Relationship, the Theory and Practice. Ankara: Nobel Publishing.)
18. Glading, S., T. (1998). Family Therapy: History Theory And Practice. Seconded. New Jersey: Merrill, Prentice – Hall,
19. Güngör, E. (1993). Değerler Psikolojisi. Amsterdam:Hollanda Türk Akademisyenler Birliği Vakfı Yayınları, (Values Psychology. Amsterdam: Dutch Turkish Academics Union Foundation Publications),
20. Güngör, A. (1996) Üniversite Çiftlerinde Sosyal Destek, Negatif Yaşam Olayları, Öfkenin İfade Ediliş Biçimi İle Kendini Suçlamanın Fiziksel Sağlık Ve Sosyal Uyumla Olan İlişkilerinin İncelenmesi. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi. ( With University Couples Social Support, Negative Life Events, Way of Expressing Anger, and Investigation of the Physical and Health and Social Relations Compliance. Unpublished Master's Thesis. Hacettepe University.)
21. Hupcey, J.E. (1998). Clarifying The Social Support Theory-Research Linkage. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 27, 1231-1241.
22. Iruonagbe, T. C., Chiazor, I. A. & Foluke, A. (2013). Revisiting Family Values: A Pathway towards Societal Stability. Gender & Behaviour, 11(2), 5635-5642.
23. Janicki, D.L., Kamarck, T.W., Gwaltney, C.J., Shiffman, S. (2006). Application Of Ecologial Momentary Assessment To The Study Of Marital Adjustment And Social İnteractions During Daily Life. Journal Of Family Psychology, 20(1), 168-172.
24. Jagger, G., & Wright, C.(1999). Changing Family Values: Feminist Perspectives. USA:Routledge.
25. Jung, J. (1987). Toward a Social Psychology of Social Support. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 8( 1-2), 57-83.
26. Koerner, A.and Fitzpatrick, M. (2006). Family Conflict Communication. In J. Oetzel & S.S Ting-Toomey (Eds.), The Sage Hand Book Of Conflict Communication: Integrating Theory, Research and Practice. (159–183). Thousandoaks, Ca Sage.
27. Kulaksızoğlu, A. and Dilmaç, B. (2000). İnsani Değerler Eğitimi Programı. Marmara Üniversitesi, Atatürk Eğitim Fakültesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, Sayı:12. (Humane Values Education Program. Marmara University, Faculty of Education, Journal of Educational Studies, Issue 12).
28. Kuşdil, M.E., & Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (2000). Türk Öğretmenlerin Değerler Yönelimi Ve Schwartz Değer Kuramı, Türk Psikoloji Dergisi (Values Orientation and the Schwartz Value Theory of Turkish Teachers, Turkish Journal of Psychology), 15 (45), 59-76.
29. Lee, C.M. (2010). Families Matter: Psychology Of The Family and The Family Of Psychology. Canadian Psychology, 51(1), 1-8.
30. Lepora, S. J. Evans, G.W. Schneider, M. L. (1999). Dynamic Role Of Social Support İn The Link Between Chronic Stress And Psychological Distress. Journal Of Personality And Social Psychohgy, 899-909.
31. Marvin, R. S. (1992). Attachment And Family Systems-Based İntervention İn Developmental Psychology. Development And Psychopathology, 4, 697–711.
32. Melrose, K.L., Brown, G.D.A. & Wood, A. M. (2015). When is received social support related to perceived support and well-being? When it is needed. Personality and Individual Differences, 77, 97-105
33. Mert, A. (2014) Sistemik Aile Yönelimli Psiko-Eğitim Programının Değerler, Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ve Çift Uyumuna Etkisi. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi. (Value of Systemic Family Oriented Psycho-Education Program, The Effect of Perceived Social Support and Dyadic Adjustment. Unpublished PhD Thesis). Sakarya
34. Mischel, W. (1990). Personality Dispositions Revisited And Revised: A View After
35. Özgüven, İ.E., (2000). Evlilik ve Aile Terapisi (Marriage and Family Therapy). Ankara: Pdrem Yayınları (Publishing).
36. Pearlin, L.I., Harrington, C., Powell-Lawton,M.,Montgomery,R.J.V. and Zarit, S.H. (2001). An Overview Of Social And Behavioural Consequences Of Alzheimer’s Disease. Aging And Mental Health, 5, 1, 3-6.
37. Pearson, R. E. (1990). Other And Context Based Barriers. In R.E. Pearson (Ed.) Counseling And Social Support: Perspectives And Practice (pp. 122-142), Newbury Park: CA: Sage Publishing.
38. Peter, P. J. & Olson, J. C. (2005). Consumer Behavior And Marketing Strategy, Seventh Edition, Mcgraw-Hill Higher Education.
39. Procidano, M, Heler, K.( 1983) Measures Of Perceived Social Support From Friends And From Family: Tree Validation Studies. American Journal Of Commumty Psychology, N(L);-24,
40. Ritvo, E. C., Glick, I. D. (2002). Concise Guide To Marriage And Family Therapy. Washington, D. C: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.
41. Rokeach, M. (1973). The Nature Of Human Values. New York: Free Pres.
42. Rokeach, M. (1968). Beliefs, Attitudes and Values. SanFrancisco: Jossey-Bass.
43. Rossi, G. (2014). The Complex Relationship Between Values and Couple Patterns. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 45 (1), 173-199.
44. Rueter, M. A., & Koerner, A. F. (2008). The Effect of Family Communication Pattern On Adopted Adolescent Adjustment. Journal Of Marriage And Family, 70, 715-727.
45. Sabatelli, R.M. (1988). Measurement Issues in Marital Research: Areview And Critique Of Contemporary Survey Instruments. Journal Of Marriage And The Family, 50, 891-915.
46. Sarason, I. G., Pierce, G. R., & Sarason, B. R. (1990). Social Support And İnteractional Processes: A Triadic Hypothesis. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 7, 495–506.
47. Sarason, I. G., Levine, H. M., Basham, R. B.,Sarason, B. R., (1983). Assesing Social Support: The Social Support Questionnaire. Journal Of Personality And Social Psychology, 44 (1), 127-139
48. Schiffman, L.G. & Kanuk, L.L.(2004). Consumer Behavior. Eight Edition, India: Prentice Hall
49. Schwartz, S. (1992). Universals In The Content And Structure Of Values: Theoretical Advances And Empirical Tests In 20 Countries. In M. P. Zanna, (Ed.), Advances In Experimental Social Psychology (Pp.1-65). San Diego: Academic Press,
50. Schwartz, S. H., & Bilsky, W. (1987). Toward A Universal Psychological Structure Of Human Values. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 550-562.
51. Schwartz, S. H., & Boehnke, K. (2004). Evaluating The Structure Of Human Values With Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Journal of Research in Personality, 38, 230-255.
52. Shumaker, S.A., & Brownell, A. (1984). Toward A Theory Of Social Support: Closing Conceptual Gaps. Journal of Social Issues, 40(4), 11-36.
53. Spanier, G.B. (1976). Measuring Dyadic Adjustment: New Scales For Assessing The Quality Of Marriage And Similar Dyads. Journal Of Marriage And The Family, 15-28.
54. Seltzer, W. J. (1985). Conversion Disorder İn Childhood And Adolescence: A Familial/Cultural Approach. Family Systems Medicine, Part I. 3, 261–280.
55. Song, J., Bong, M., Lee, K. & Kim, S. (2014). Longitudinal Investigation into the Role of Perceived Social Support in Adolescents’ Academic Motivation and Achievement. Journal of Educational Psychology, 1-21.
56. Sorias, O. (1998) Sosyal Destekler Ve Ruh Sağlığı. Ege Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi (Social Support and Mental Health. Ege University Faculty of Medicine Journal), 27(1): 359-362.
57. Sotomayor-Peterson, M., Figueredo, A.J., Christensen, D.H. & Taylor, A.R. (2012). Couples’ Cultural Values, Shared Parenting, and Family Emotional Climate Within Mexican American Families. Family Process, 51 (2), 218-233.
58. Tutarel-Kışlak, Ş. (1997). Evlilik Uyumu İle Nedensellik Ve Sorumluluk Yüklemeleri Arasındaki İlişkiler. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi (Relations Between the Marital Adjustment and Causality and Responsibility. Turkish Journal of Psychology), 12(40), 55-64.
59. Wells, W.D. & Prensky, D.(1996). Consumer Behavior, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
60. Wilson, A.(1985). Family Therapy. Routledge, USA.
61. Sabatelli, R.M. (1988). Measurement Issues in Marital Research: Areview And Critique Of Contemporary Survey Instruments. Journal Of Marriage And The Family, 50, 891-915.
62. Wilkinson, L.(1998). Child And Family Assessment Clinical Guidelines For Practitioners (2nd Edition). Brunner-Routledge, USA.
63. Veiel, H. O. & Bauman, U. (1992). The Many Meanings of Social Support. In H.O. Veiel & U. Bauman (Eds.), The Meaning and Measurement of Social (pp. 1-9). New York: Hemisphere.
64. Yapıcı, A. (2004). Din, Kimlik Ve Ön Yargı: Biz Ve Onlar (Religion, Identity and Prejudice: Us and Them). Karahan Kitabevi (Bookstore), Adana.
65. Yıldırım, İ. (1997). Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeğinin Geliştirilmesi, Güvenirliği ve Geçerliği. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi (Development, Reliability and Validity of Perceived Social Support Scale. Hacettepe University Faculty of Education Journal), (13), 81-87.
66. Young, J.F., Berenson, K., Cohen, P., & Garcia, J. (2005). The Role Of Parent And Peer Support İn Predicting Adolescent Depression: A Longitudinal Community Study. Journal Of Research On Adolescence, 15(4), 407-423.
67. Zhou, X., Zhu, H., Zhang, B. & Cai, T. (2013). Perceived social support as moderator of perfectionism, depression, and anxiety in college students. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 41 (7), 1141-1152.
68. Zimet, G. D., Dahlem, N. W., Zimet, S. G., & Farley, G. K. (1988). The Multidimensional Scale Of Perceived Social Support. Journal of Personality Assessment, 52(1), 30–41.