GERİ KABUL ANLAŞMALARI VE NİTELİKLİ GÖÇ POLİTİKALARI’NA HUKUKİ VE SOSYOLOJİK BAKIŞ

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 193 - 224, 06.12.2025

Alp Aslan

Öz

Göç yönetiminde geri kabul anlaşmaları ve nitelikli iş gücü göçü politikaları hukuki ve sosyolojik açılardan birlikte incelenmeyi gerektirmektedir. Geri kabul anlaşmalarının tanımı ve işleyişi, Almanya’nın Türkiye ve Kenya ile yaptığı anlaşmalar örneğinde olduğu gibi, düzensiz göçmenlerin geri gönderilmesi ve nitelikli iş gücü göçünün teşvik edilmesi boyutlarında somutlaşmaktadır. Öğretide insan hakları ve mülteci hukuku bağlamında geri göndermeme ilkesi ve sınır dışı yasağı gibi temel prensipler vurgulanmakta iken, sosyolojik açıdan da göçmenler arasında ortaya çıkan sınıflaşma, ırkçılık, beyin göçü ve entegrasyon sorunlar tartışılmaktadır. Bu kapsamda İngiltere'nin Ruanda planı, ABD-Meksika sınır politikaları, Avustralya’nın Pasifik modeli, Körfez ülkeleri ve Kanada örnekleri gibi uluslararası uygulamalar irdelelendiğinde günümüz göç stratejilerinin çok yönlü bir panoraması ortaya çıkmaktadır. Devletlerin istenmeyen göç akınlarını engelleme çabaları ile eş zamanlı yürüttükleri nitelikli göçmen çekme politikalarının doğurduğu etik ve toplumsal sorunlar ve muhtemel çözüm önerileri makalede hukuki ve sosyolojik boyutlarıyla incelenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Göç , Sığınmacı , Mülteci

A Legal and Sociological Perspective on Readmission Agreements and Skilled Migration Policies

Öz

In migration governance, readmission agreements and skilled labor migration policies require joint examination from legal and sociological perspectives. The definition and functioning of readmission agreements, as exemplified by Germany's agreements with Turkey and Kenya, are concretized in the dimensions of returning irregular migrants and promoting the migration of skilled labor. While legal scholarship emphasizes fundamental principles such as the non-refoulement principle and the prohibition of deportation within the framework of human rights and refugee law, sociological analyses discuss issues such as class stratification among migrants, racism, brain drain, and integration challenges. In this context, a multifaceted panorama of contemporary migration strategies emerges when international practices such as the UK's Rwanda plan, US-Mexico border policies, Australia's Pacific model, and examples from Gulf countries and Canada are examined. The article investigates the ethical and social problems arising from states' simultaneous efforts to prevent undesired migration flows and attract skilled migrants, offering possible solutions through both legal and sociological lenses.

Anahtar Kelimeler

migration , refugee , migrant

Kaynakça

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