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TRANSFORMATIONAL WELLNESS TOURISM SYSTEM MODEL IN THE PANDEMIC ERA

Yıl 2020, , 76 - 101, 31.08.2020
https://doi.org/10.31201/ijhmt.788628

Öz

The key aim of this study is to suggest a transformational wellness tourism system model aimed at preparedness of future travelers. This paper is conceptual and offers an innovative way of planning a new tourism system to facilitate wellbeing and resilience of the tourism industry and its future travelers. Healing and therapeutic potential of non-medical wellness programs is highlighted. The overarching contribution of this study is its conceptual model and its potential to boost preparedness of halted markets for future travel.

Kaynakça

  • Ali-Knight, J. and Ensor, J. (2017). Salute to the sun: an exploration of UK Yoga tourist profiles. Tourism Recreation Research, 42:484-497.
  • Ateljevic, I. (2020) Transforming the (tourism) world for good and (re)generating the potential ‘new normal.’ Tourism Geographies, DOI: 10.1080/14616688.2020.1759134
  • Bai, Y., Yao, L., Wei, T., Tian, F., Jin, D.-Y., Chen, L., & Wang, M. (2020). Presumed asymptomatic carrier transmission of COVID-19. JAMA, 323(14), 1406. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.2565
  • Baggio, R. (2008). Symptoms of Complexity in a tourism system. Tourism Analysis, 13(1), 1-20.
  • Berry, B., Gamieldien, J., & Fielding, B. C. (2015). Identification of new respiratory viruses in the new millennium. Viruses, 7(3), 996–1019. https://doi.org/10.3390/v7030996
  • Bloom, D. & Cadarette, D. (2019). Infectious Disease Threats in the 21st Century: Strengthening the Global Response. Frontiers in immunology, 10, 549. doi:10.3389/fimmu. 2019.00549.
  • Brown, D. & Leledaki, A. (2010). Eastern movement forms as body-self transforming cultural practices in the West: Towards a sociological perspective. Cultural Sociology, 4(1), 123-154.
  • Burkle, F. (2006). Globalization and disasters: Issues of public health, state capacity and political action. Journal of International Affairs, 59(2), 231–265.
  • Bushell, R. & Sheldon, P. (Eds.). (2009). Wellness and tourism: Mind, body, spirit, place. Cognizant Communication.
  • Campbell, J. (1985). To sing the song, to tell the tale: A study of Toni Morrison and Simone Schwarz-Bart. Comparative Literature Studies, 22(3), 394-412.
  • Childers, T., Carr, C., Peck, J., & Carson, S. (2002). Hedonic and utilitarian motivations for online retail shopping behavior. Journal of Retailing, 77(2001), 511-535. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022435901000562
  • Chhabra, D. (2010). Sustainable Marketing of Cultural and Heritage Tourism. London: Routledge.
  • Chhabra, D. (2015). Strategic marketing in hospitality and tourism: Building a'SMART'online agenda. Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
  • Davis, F. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319-340
  • Dillette, A., Douglas, A. & Andrzejewski, C. (2019) Yoga tourism – a catalyst for transformation? Annals of Leisure Research, 22:1, 22- 1, DOI: 10.1080/11745398.2018.1459195
  • Dutta-Bergman, M. J. (2004). Primary sources of health information: Comparisons in the domain of health attitudes, health cognitions, and health behaviors. Health communication, 16(3), 273-288.
  • Go, H. & Gretzel, U. (2010). Tourism Marketing Opportunities in Virtual Worlds: The Case of Second Life. Retrieved March 2013 from: http://sites.Google.com
  • G€ossling, S., Scott, D., & Hall, C. (2020). Pandemics, tourism and global change: A rapid assessment of COVID-19. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 10.1080/09669582.2020.1758708
  • Gould, W. (1998). African mortality and the newurban penalty'. Health & place, 4(2), 171-181.
  • Gretzel, U. (2011). Intelligent Systems. Annals of Tourism Research, 38(3), 757-779.
  • Gunn, C. (1979). Tourism Planning. New York: Crane Russack.
  • Hall, C. (2006). Tourism, biodiversity and global environmental change. In S. G€ossling & C. M. Hall (Eds.), Tourism and global environmental change: Ecological, economic, social and political interrelationships (pp. 142–156). Routledge.
  • Hall, M., Scott, D. & Gössling, S. (2020): Pandemics, transformations and tourism: be careful what you wish for. Tourism Geographies, DOI: 10.1080/14616688.2020.1759131
  • Higgins-Desbiolles, F. (2020): Socialising tourism for social and ecological justice after COVID-19. Tourism Geographies, DOI: 10.1080/14616688.2020.1757748
  • Jayanti, R. & Burns, A. (1998). The antecedents of preventive health care behavior: An empirical study. Journal of the academy of marketing science, 26(1), 6-15.
  • Jonas, O. (2014). Pandemic risk. World Bank.
  • Keogh-Brown, M., Smith, R., Edmunds, J., & Beutels, P. (2010a). The macroeconomic impact of pandemic influenza: Estimates from models of the United Kingdom, France, Belgium and The Netherlands. The European Journal of Health Economics, 11(6), 543–554. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10198-009-0210-1
  • Kim, D., Park, J. & Morrison, A. (2008). A model of traveller acceptance of mobile technology. International Journal of Tourism Research, 10(5), 393-407
  • Koufaris, M. (2002). Applying the technology acceptance model and flow theory to online consumer behavior. Information Systems Research, 13(2), 205-223.
  • Labonte, R., Mohindra, K., & Schrecker, T. (2011). The growing impact of globalization for health and public health practice. Annual Review of Public Health, 32(1), 263–283. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031210101225
  • Leiper, N. (1979). The framework of tourism: Towards a definition of tourism, tourist, and the tourist industry. Annals of tourism research, 6(4), 390-407.
  • Leiper, N. (1990). Tourism System: An Inter disciplinary Perspective Department of Management System business Studies Faculty. Li, R., Pei, S., Chen, B., Song, Y., Zhang, T., Yang, W., & Shaman, J. (2020). Substantial undocumented infection facilitates the rapid dissemination of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV2). Science, doi: 10.1126/science.abb3221
  • Little, J. 2012. Transformational tourism, nature and wellbeing: New perspectives on fitness and the body. Sociologia Ruralis, 52:257-271.
  • Lu, Y., Zhou, T. & Wang, B. (2009). Exploring Chinese users’ acceptance of instant messaging using the theory of planned behavior, the technology acceptance model, and the flow theory. Computers in Human Behavior, 25(1), 29-39. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.chb.2008.06.002
  • Maddox, C. (2015). Studying at the source: Ashtanga yoga tourism and the search for authenticity in Mysore, India. Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 13(4), 330-343.
  • McKercher, B. (1999). A Chaos Approach to Tourism. Tourism Management, 20, 425-434.
  • McKercher, B., & Chon, K. (2004). The over-reaction to SARS and the collapse of Asian tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 31(3), 716–719.
  • Mill & Morrison (2006). The Tourism System. Sydney: Prentice-Hall International.
  • Nicolaides, C., Avraam, D., Cueto-Felgueroso, L., Gonzalez, M. C., & Juanes, R. (2019). Hand-hygiene mitigation strategies against global disease spreading through the air transportation network. Risk Analysis, 40(4): 723–740. https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.13438
  • Novak, T., Hoffman, D. & Yung, Y. (2000). Measuring the customer experience in online environments: a structural modeling approach. Marketing Science, 19(1), 22-42.
  • Öznalbant, E. & Alvarez, M. (2019). A socio-cultural perspective on yoga tourism. Tourism Planning & Development, 1-15.
  • Patterson, I., Getz, D. & Gubb, K. (2016). The social world and event travel career of the serious yoga devotee. Leisure Studies, 35(3), 296-313.
  • Popescu, M., Nicolae, F. & Pavel, M. (2015). Tourism and hospitality industry in digital era:
  • Prigogine, I. & Stengers, I. (1985). Order Out of Chaos [preface]. London: Flamingo
  • Ranasinghe, R., Damunupola, A., Wijesundara, S., Karunarathna, C., Nawarathna, D., Gamage, S., ... & Idroos, A. A. (2020). Tourism after Corona: Impacts of Covid 19 Pandemic and Way Forward for Tourism, Hotel and Mice Industry in Sri Lanka. Hotel and Mice Industry in Sri Lanka (April 22, 2020).
  • Ravenscroft, N., & Hadjihambi, I. (2006). The implications of Lamarckian theory for the TALC model. In R. W. Butler (Ed.). The tourism area life cycle (Vol. 2, pp. 150–163). Bristol: Channel View Publications
  • Rothe, C., Schunk, M., Sothmann, P., Bretzel, G., Froeschl, G., et al. (2020). Transmission of 2019-nCoV Infection from an Asymptomatic Contact in Germany. New England Journal of Medicine, 382(10), 970–971. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2001468.
  • Rudas, I. & Fodor, J. (2008). Intelligent Systems. International Journal of Computers, Communication & Control, III (Suppl.). Proceedings of ICCC, 132-138.
  • Sharma, P., & Nayak, J. K. (2019). Do tourists’ emotional experiences influence images and intentions in yoga tourism?. Tourism Review.
  • Russsell, R. (2006). Chaos Theory and Managerial Approaches. In D. Buhalis & C. Costa (Eds.), Tourism Dynamics, Challenges and Tools: Present and Future Issues (108-115). Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
  • Russy, D. & Smith, R. (2013) The economic impact of H1N1 on Mexico’s tourist and pork sectors. Health Economics, 22(7), 824–834. doi: 10.1002/hec.2862
  • Siu, A., & Wong, Y. R. (2004). Economic impact of SARS: The case of Hong Kong. Asian Economic Papers, 3(1), 62–83. https://doi.org/10.1162/1535351041747996
  • Seligman, M. (2018). PERMA and the building blocks of well-being. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 13(4), 333-335.
  • Stebbins, R. (2001). Serious Leisure. Society, 38, 53-57.
  • Strielkowski, Q. (2020). Recovery strategy for tourism industry. doi: 10.13140/RG.2.2.19039.82086
  • UNWTO. (2020). COVID-19: UNWTO calls on tourism to be part of recovery plans. https://www.unwto.org/news/ covid-19-unwto-calls-on-tourism-to-be-part-of-recovery-plans.
  • Viboud, C., & Simonsen, L. (2012). Global mortality of 2009 pandemic influenza A H1N1. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 12(9), 651–653. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(12)70152-4
  • WHO. (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Situation Report 46. Available at: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200306-sitrep46-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=96b04adf_2 (accessed 25.04.2020)
  • World Bank. (2012). People, pathogens and our planet: Volume 2 – the economics of One Health. World Bank.
  • Wilder-Smith, A. (2006). The severe acute respiratory syndrome: impact on travel and tourism. Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease, 4(2), 53-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2005.04.004
  • Wu, T., Perrings, C., Kinzig, A., Collins, J. P., Minteer, B. A., & Daszak, P. (2017). Economic growth, urbanization, globalization, and the risks of emerging infectious diseases in China: A review. Ambio, 46(1), 18–29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-016-0809-2.
Yıl 2020, , 76 - 101, 31.08.2020
https://doi.org/10.31201/ijhmt.788628

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Ali-Knight, J. and Ensor, J. (2017). Salute to the sun: an exploration of UK Yoga tourist profiles. Tourism Recreation Research, 42:484-497.
  • Ateljevic, I. (2020) Transforming the (tourism) world for good and (re)generating the potential ‘new normal.’ Tourism Geographies, DOI: 10.1080/14616688.2020.1759134
  • Bai, Y., Yao, L., Wei, T., Tian, F., Jin, D.-Y., Chen, L., & Wang, M. (2020). Presumed asymptomatic carrier transmission of COVID-19. JAMA, 323(14), 1406. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.2565
  • Baggio, R. (2008). Symptoms of Complexity in a tourism system. Tourism Analysis, 13(1), 1-20.
  • Berry, B., Gamieldien, J., & Fielding, B. C. (2015). Identification of new respiratory viruses in the new millennium. Viruses, 7(3), 996–1019. https://doi.org/10.3390/v7030996
  • Bloom, D. & Cadarette, D. (2019). Infectious Disease Threats in the 21st Century: Strengthening the Global Response. Frontiers in immunology, 10, 549. doi:10.3389/fimmu. 2019.00549.
  • Brown, D. & Leledaki, A. (2010). Eastern movement forms as body-self transforming cultural practices in the West: Towards a sociological perspective. Cultural Sociology, 4(1), 123-154.
  • Burkle, F. (2006). Globalization and disasters: Issues of public health, state capacity and political action. Journal of International Affairs, 59(2), 231–265.
  • Bushell, R. & Sheldon, P. (Eds.). (2009). Wellness and tourism: Mind, body, spirit, place. Cognizant Communication.
  • Campbell, J. (1985). To sing the song, to tell the tale: A study of Toni Morrison and Simone Schwarz-Bart. Comparative Literature Studies, 22(3), 394-412.
  • Childers, T., Carr, C., Peck, J., & Carson, S. (2002). Hedonic and utilitarian motivations for online retail shopping behavior. Journal of Retailing, 77(2001), 511-535. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022435901000562
  • Chhabra, D. (2010). Sustainable Marketing of Cultural and Heritage Tourism. London: Routledge.
  • Chhabra, D. (2015). Strategic marketing in hospitality and tourism: Building a'SMART'online agenda. Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
  • Davis, F. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319-340
  • Dillette, A., Douglas, A. & Andrzejewski, C. (2019) Yoga tourism – a catalyst for transformation? Annals of Leisure Research, 22:1, 22- 1, DOI: 10.1080/11745398.2018.1459195
  • Dutta-Bergman, M. J. (2004). Primary sources of health information: Comparisons in the domain of health attitudes, health cognitions, and health behaviors. Health communication, 16(3), 273-288.
  • Go, H. & Gretzel, U. (2010). Tourism Marketing Opportunities in Virtual Worlds: The Case of Second Life. Retrieved March 2013 from: http://sites.Google.com
  • G€ossling, S., Scott, D., & Hall, C. (2020). Pandemics, tourism and global change: A rapid assessment of COVID-19. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 10.1080/09669582.2020.1758708
  • Gould, W. (1998). African mortality and the newurban penalty'. Health & place, 4(2), 171-181.
  • Gretzel, U. (2011). Intelligent Systems. Annals of Tourism Research, 38(3), 757-779.
  • Gunn, C. (1979). Tourism Planning. New York: Crane Russack.
  • Hall, C. (2006). Tourism, biodiversity and global environmental change. In S. G€ossling & C. M. Hall (Eds.), Tourism and global environmental change: Ecological, economic, social and political interrelationships (pp. 142–156). Routledge.
  • Hall, M., Scott, D. & Gössling, S. (2020): Pandemics, transformations and tourism: be careful what you wish for. Tourism Geographies, DOI: 10.1080/14616688.2020.1759131
  • Higgins-Desbiolles, F. (2020): Socialising tourism for social and ecological justice after COVID-19. Tourism Geographies, DOI: 10.1080/14616688.2020.1757748
  • Jayanti, R. & Burns, A. (1998). The antecedents of preventive health care behavior: An empirical study. Journal of the academy of marketing science, 26(1), 6-15.
  • Jonas, O. (2014). Pandemic risk. World Bank.
  • Keogh-Brown, M., Smith, R., Edmunds, J., & Beutels, P. (2010a). The macroeconomic impact of pandemic influenza: Estimates from models of the United Kingdom, France, Belgium and The Netherlands. The European Journal of Health Economics, 11(6), 543–554. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10198-009-0210-1
  • Kim, D., Park, J. & Morrison, A. (2008). A model of traveller acceptance of mobile technology. International Journal of Tourism Research, 10(5), 393-407
  • Koufaris, M. (2002). Applying the technology acceptance model and flow theory to online consumer behavior. Information Systems Research, 13(2), 205-223.
  • Labonte, R., Mohindra, K., & Schrecker, T. (2011). The growing impact of globalization for health and public health practice. Annual Review of Public Health, 32(1), 263–283. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031210101225
  • Leiper, N. (1979). The framework of tourism: Towards a definition of tourism, tourist, and the tourist industry. Annals of tourism research, 6(4), 390-407.
  • Leiper, N. (1990). Tourism System: An Inter disciplinary Perspective Department of Management System business Studies Faculty. Li, R., Pei, S., Chen, B., Song, Y., Zhang, T., Yang, W., & Shaman, J. (2020). Substantial undocumented infection facilitates the rapid dissemination of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV2). Science, doi: 10.1126/science.abb3221
  • Little, J. 2012. Transformational tourism, nature and wellbeing: New perspectives on fitness and the body. Sociologia Ruralis, 52:257-271.
  • Lu, Y., Zhou, T. & Wang, B. (2009). Exploring Chinese users’ acceptance of instant messaging using the theory of planned behavior, the technology acceptance model, and the flow theory. Computers in Human Behavior, 25(1), 29-39. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.chb.2008.06.002
  • Maddox, C. (2015). Studying at the source: Ashtanga yoga tourism and the search for authenticity in Mysore, India. Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 13(4), 330-343.
  • McKercher, B. (1999). A Chaos Approach to Tourism. Tourism Management, 20, 425-434.
  • McKercher, B., & Chon, K. (2004). The over-reaction to SARS and the collapse of Asian tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 31(3), 716–719.
  • Mill & Morrison (2006). The Tourism System. Sydney: Prentice-Hall International.
  • Nicolaides, C., Avraam, D., Cueto-Felgueroso, L., Gonzalez, M. C., & Juanes, R. (2019). Hand-hygiene mitigation strategies against global disease spreading through the air transportation network. Risk Analysis, 40(4): 723–740. https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.13438
  • Novak, T., Hoffman, D. & Yung, Y. (2000). Measuring the customer experience in online environments: a structural modeling approach. Marketing Science, 19(1), 22-42.
  • Öznalbant, E. & Alvarez, M. (2019). A socio-cultural perspective on yoga tourism. Tourism Planning & Development, 1-15.
  • Patterson, I., Getz, D. & Gubb, K. (2016). The social world and event travel career of the serious yoga devotee. Leisure Studies, 35(3), 296-313.
  • Popescu, M., Nicolae, F. & Pavel, M. (2015). Tourism and hospitality industry in digital era:
  • Prigogine, I. & Stengers, I. (1985). Order Out of Chaos [preface]. London: Flamingo
  • Ranasinghe, R., Damunupola, A., Wijesundara, S., Karunarathna, C., Nawarathna, D., Gamage, S., ... & Idroos, A. A. (2020). Tourism after Corona: Impacts of Covid 19 Pandemic and Way Forward for Tourism, Hotel and Mice Industry in Sri Lanka. Hotel and Mice Industry in Sri Lanka (April 22, 2020).
  • Ravenscroft, N., & Hadjihambi, I. (2006). The implications of Lamarckian theory for the TALC model. In R. W. Butler (Ed.). The tourism area life cycle (Vol. 2, pp. 150–163). Bristol: Channel View Publications
  • Rothe, C., Schunk, M., Sothmann, P., Bretzel, G., Froeschl, G., et al. (2020). Transmission of 2019-nCoV Infection from an Asymptomatic Contact in Germany. New England Journal of Medicine, 382(10), 970–971. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2001468.
  • Rudas, I. & Fodor, J. (2008). Intelligent Systems. International Journal of Computers, Communication & Control, III (Suppl.). Proceedings of ICCC, 132-138.
  • Sharma, P., & Nayak, J. K. (2019). Do tourists’ emotional experiences influence images and intentions in yoga tourism?. Tourism Review.
  • Russsell, R. (2006). Chaos Theory and Managerial Approaches. In D. Buhalis & C. Costa (Eds.), Tourism Dynamics, Challenges and Tools: Present and Future Issues (108-115). Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
  • Russy, D. & Smith, R. (2013) The economic impact of H1N1 on Mexico’s tourist and pork sectors. Health Economics, 22(7), 824–834. doi: 10.1002/hec.2862
  • Siu, A., & Wong, Y. R. (2004). Economic impact of SARS: The case of Hong Kong. Asian Economic Papers, 3(1), 62–83. https://doi.org/10.1162/1535351041747996
  • Seligman, M. (2018). PERMA and the building blocks of well-being. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 13(4), 333-335.
  • Stebbins, R. (2001). Serious Leisure. Society, 38, 53-57.
  • Strielkowski, Q. (2020). Recovery strategy for tourism industry. doi: 10.13140/RG.2.2.19039.82086
  • UNWTO. (2020). COVID-19: UNWTO calls on tourism to be part of recovery plans. https://www.unwto.org/news/ covid-19-unwto-calls-on-tourism-to-be-part-of-recovery-plans.
  • Viboud, C., & Simonsen, L. (2012). Global mortality of 2009 pandemic influenza A H1N1. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 12(9), 651–653. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(12)70152-4
  • WHO. (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Situation Report 46. Available at: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200306-sitrep46-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=96b04adf_2 (accessed 25.04.2020)
  • World Bank. (2012). People, pathogens and our planet: Volume 2 – the economics of One Health. World Bank.
  • Wilder-Smith, A. (2006). The severe acute respiratory syndrome: impact on travel and tourism. Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease, 4(2), 53-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2005.04.004
  • Wu, T., Perrings, C., Kinzig, A., Collins, J. P., Minteer, B. A., & Daszak, P. (2017). Economic growth, urbanization, globalization, and the risks of emerging infectious diseases in China: A review. Ambio, 46(1), 18–29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-016-0809-2.
Toplam 61 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Deepak Chhabra Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-4565-0325

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ağustos 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 20 Haziran 2020
Kabul Tarihi 17 Ağustos 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020

Kaynak Göster

APA Chhabra, D. (2020). TRANSFORMATIONAL WELLNESS TOURISM SYSTEM MODEL IN THE PANDEMIC ERA. International Journal of Health Management and Tourism, 5(2), 76-101. https://doi.org/10.31201/ijhmt.788628