America’s Health Rankings Report. (2020). 2019 Annual Report.” https://www.americashealthrankings.org/learn/reports/2019-annual-report
Aydin, S. “Factors affecting patient satisfaction with healthcare system of Turkey.” 2018.
Berwick, Donald M., Thomas W. Nolan, and John Whittington. (2008). The Triple Aim: Care, Health, And Cost.” Health Affairs 27(3), 759 – 769. https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/10.1377/hlthaff.27.3.759.
Blumenthal, David, and Sara R. Collins. (2014). Health Care Coverage under the Affordable Care Act — A Progress Report.” New England Journal of Medicine 371(3), 275–81. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmhpr1405667.
Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services. “National Health Expenditures 2018 Highlights.” 2020. https://www.cms.gov/files/document/highlights.pdf
Cheng, Tsung-Mei. (2003). Taiwan’s New National Health Insurance Program: Genesis and Experience So Far.” Health Affairs 22(3), 61–76. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.22.3.61.
Cheng, Tsung-Mei. Taiwan’s Health Care System: The Next 20 Years. Brookings, 2015. https://brookings.edu/opinions/taiwans-health-care-system-the-next-20-years/
Cheng, Tsung-Mei. (2019). Health Care Spending in the US and Taiwan: A Response to It’s Still the Prices, Stupid, and A Tribute to Uwe Reinhardt.” Health Affairs, DOI: 10.1377/hblog20190206.305164
Cohen, Robin A., Emily P. Terlizzi, Michael E. Martinez, and Amy E. Cha. (2020). Health Insurance Coverage: Early Release of Estimates from the National Health Interview Survey, January–June 2019.” National Center for Health Statistics, https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhis/earlyrelease/insur202005-508.pdf.
Congressional Budget Office. “America Health Care Act.” 2017. https://www.cbo.gov/publication/52486
Garfield, Rachel, Orgera, Kendal, and Damico, Anthony. (2019). The Uninsured and the ACA” A Primer - Key Facts about Health Insurance and the Uninsured amidst
Changes to the Affordable Care Act.” Kaiser Health Foundation, https://www.kff.org/report-section/the-uninsured-and-the-aca-a-primer-key-facts-about-health-insurance-and-the-uninsured-amidst-changes-to-the-affordable-care-act-how-many-people-are-uninsured/
Hofer, Adam N., Jean Marie Abraham, and Ira Moscovice. (2011). Expansion of Coverage under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and Primary Care Utilization. Milbank Quarterly 89(1), 69–89. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0009.2011.00620.x.
Kunnath, Raju J. (2012). Universal Healthcare – Is it the Solution for the Current Healthcare Crisis in the United States.” Doctoral dissertation, Drew University.
Lu, Jui-Fen R., and William C. Hsiao. (2003). Does Universal Health Insurance Make Health Care Unaffordable? Lessons from Taiwan. Health Affairs 22(3), 77–88. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.22.3.77.
Manchikanti, Laxmaiah, David L. Caraway, Allan T. Parr, Bert Fellows, and Joshua A. Hirsch. (2011). Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010.Pain Physician 14(1), , E35–E67. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781483359922.n327.
National Center for Health Statistics. (2016). Health, United States, 2015: With Special Feature on Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hus/hus15.pdf
OECD. (2019). Health Expenditure. https://www.oecd.org/els/health-systems/health-expenditure.htm#:~:text=Health%20spending%20as%20a%20share,stayed%20at%208.8%25%20in%202018.
OECD. (2020). Health Status: Maternal mortality rates [Data set]. https://stats.oecd.org/index.aspx?queryid=30116# (Accessed on 12 August 2020).
OECD. Life expectancy at birth (indicator). 2020. DOI: 10.1787/27e0fc9d-en (Accessed on 25 July 2020)
Schoen, Cathy, Karen Davis, Sabrina K.h. How, and Stephen C. Schoenbaum. (2006) U.S. Health System Performance: A National Scorecard. Health Affairs 25(6), w457–w475. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.25.w457.
Sood, Neeraj, Arkadipta Ghosh, and Jose J. Escarse. (2017). The Effect of Health Care Cost Growth on the U.S. Economy. ASPE, https://aspe.hhs.gov/report/effect-health-care-cost-growth-us-economy.
Textor, C. (2019). Life expectancy at Birth in Taiwan 2006-2018 (indicator). https://www.statista.com/statistics/861001/taiwan-life-expectancy/#:~:text=This%20statistic%20illustrates%20the%20life,from%2080.4%20years%20in%202017.
Textor, C. (2020). Government Spending on Public Health in Taiwan FY 2009-2018 (indicator). https://www.statista.com/statistics/938593/taiwan-government-net-expenditure-for-public-health/
Tomala, Lai Lin. (2019) .Maternal Mortality Rate in Taiwan 2009-2018 (indicator). https://www.statista.com/statistics/1078967/taiwan-maternal-mortality-rate/
Wallace, Lorraine S. A. (2013). View of Health Care Around the World.” Annals of Family Medicine 11, no. 1, 84.
Wolfe, Patrice R., and Donald W. (1993). Moran.Global Budgeting in the OECD Countries .” Health Care Financing Review 14, no. 3, 55–76. https://doi.org/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4193373/.
The World Bank. (2018). Physicians (per 1,000 People)” [data set].. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.MED.PHYS.ZS?end=2018&start=2002
Wu, Tai-Yin, Azeem Majeed, and Ken N Kuo. (2010). An Overview of the Healthcare System in Taiwan.” London Journal of Primary Care 3, no. 2: 115–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/17571472.2010.11493315.
EVALUATION OF US AND TAIWAN HEALTH SYSTEM PERFORMANCE:A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
The delivery and coverage of healthcare varies drastically country to country. The United States (U.S.) and Taiwan present a case of contrasting healthcare systems from the roots up as one relies on a single-payer system and the other utilizes a multi-payer system. Along with other differences including health status, cost of care, and utilization of care, there are also notable similarities among the two systems. This paper will analyze the similarities and major differences between the two systems. A literature review was conducted to identify the major characteristics of the two systems and report health statuses for the two countries to compare the level of care provided under varying delivery models. Both qualitative and quantitative data was used to draw conclusions regarding the similarities and difference between the U.S. multi-payer system and the Taiwan single payer national health insurance system. It was concluded that while there are few similarities, especially when comparing the U.S. Medicare and Medicaid programs to the Taiwan National Health Insurance system, there are mainly differences present between the two systems.
America’s Health Rankings Report. (2020). 2019 Annual Report.” https://www.americashealthrankings.org/learn/reports/2019-annual-report
Aydin, S. “Factors affecting patient satisfaction with healthcare system of Turkey.” 2018.
Berwick, Donald M., Thomas W. Nolan, and John Whittington. (2008). The Triple Aim: Care, Health, And Cost.” Health Affairs 27(3), 759 – 769. https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/10.1377/hlthaff.27.3.759.
Blumenthal, David, and Sara R. Collins. (2014). Health Care Coverage under the Affordable Care Act — A Progress Report.” New England Journal of Medicine 371(3), 275–81. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmhpr1405667.
Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services. “National Health Expenditures 2018 Highlights.” 2020. https://www.cms.gov/files/document/highlights.pdf
Cheng, Tsung-Mei. (2003). Taiwan’s New National Health Insurance Program: Genesis and Experience So Far.” Health Affairs 22(3), 61–76. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.22.3.61.
Cheng, Tsung-Mei. Taiwan’s Health Care System: The Next 20 Years. Brookings, 2015. https://brookings.edu/opinions/taiwans-health-care-system-the-next-20-years/
Cheng, Tsung-Mei. (2019). Health Care Spending in the US and Taiwan: A Response to It’s Still the Prices, Stupid, and A Tribute to Uwe Reinhardt.” Health Affairs, DOI: 10.1377/hblog20190206.305164
Cohen, Robin A., Emily P. Terlizzi, Michael E. Martinez, and Amy E. Cha. (2020). Health Insurance Coverage: Early Release of Estimates from the National Health Interview Survey, January–June 2019.” National Center for Health Statistics, https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhis/earlyrelease/insur202005-508.pdf.
Congressional Budget Office. “America Health Care Act.” 2017. https://www.cbo.gov/publication/52486
Garfield, Rachel, Orgera, Kendal, and Damico, Anthony. (2019). The Uninsured and the ACA” A Primer - Key Facts about Health Insurance and the Uninsured amidst
Changes to the Affordable Care Act.” Kaiser Health Foundation, https://www.kff.org/report-section/the-uninsured-and-the-aca-a-primer-key-facts-about-health-insurance-and-the-uninsured-amidst-changes-to-the-affordable-care-act-how-many-people-are-uninsured/
Hofer, Adam N., Jean Marie Abraham, and Ira Moscovice. (2011). Expansion of Coverage under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and Primary Care Utilization. Milbank Quarterly 89(1), 69–89. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0009.2011.00620.x.
Kunnath, Raju J. (2012). Universal Healthcare – Is it the Solution for the Current Healthcare Crisis in the United States.” Doctoral dissertation, Drew University.
Lu, Jui-Fen R., and William C. Hsiao. (2003). Does Universal Health Insurance Make Health Care Unaffordable? Lessons from Taiwan. Health Affairs 22(3), 77–88. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.22.3.77.
Manchikanti, Laxmaiah, David L. Caraway, Allan T. Parr, Bert Fellows, and Joshua A. Hirsch. (2011). Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010.Pain Physician 14(1), , E35–E67. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781483359922.n327.
National Center for Health Statistics. (2016). Health, United States, 2015: With Special Feature on Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hus/hus15.pdf
OECD. (2019). Health Expenditure. https://www.oecd.org/els/health-systems/health-expenditure.htm#:~:text=Health%20spending%20as%20a%20share,stayed%20at%208.8%25%20in%202018.
OECD. (2020). Health Status: Maternal mortality rates [Data set]. https://stats.oecd.org/index.aspx?queryid=30116# (Accessed on 12 August 2020).
OECD. Life expectancy at birth (indicator). 2020. DOI: 10.1787/27e0fc9d-en (Accessed on 25 July 2020)
Schoen, Cathy, Karen Davis, Sabrina K.h. How, and Stephen C. Schoenbaum. (2006) U.S. Health System Performance: A National Scorecard. Health Affairs 25(6), w457–w475. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.25.w457.
Sood, Neeraj, Arkadipta Ghosh, and Jose J. Escarse. (2017). The Effect of Health Care Cost Growth on the U.S. Economy. ASPE, https://aspe.hhs.gov/report/effect-health-care-cost-growth-us-economy.
Textor, C. (2019). Life expectancy at Birth in Taiwan 2006-2018 (indicator). https://www.statista.com/statistics/861001/taiwan-life-expectancy/#:~:text=This%20statistic%20illustrates%20the%20life,from%2080.4%20years%20in%202017.
Textor, C. (2020). Government Spending on Public Health in Taiwan FY 2009-2018 (indicator). https://www.statista.com/statistics/938593/taiwan-government-net-expenditure-for-public-health/
Tomala, Lai Lin. (2019) .Maternal Mortality Rate in Taiwan 2009-2018 (indicator). https://www.statista.com/statistics/1078967/taiwan-maternal-mortality-rate/
Wallace, Lorraine S. A. (2013). View of Health Care Around the World.” Annals of Family Medicine 11, no. 1, 84.
Wolfe, Patrice R., and Donald W. (1993). Moran.Global Budgeting in the OECD Countries .” Health Care Financing Review 14, no. 3, 55–76. https://doi.org/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4193373/.
The World Bank. (2018). Physicians (per 1,000 People)” [data set].. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.MED.PHYS.ZS?end=2018&start=2002
Wu, Tai-Yin, Azeem Majeed, and Ken N Kuo. (2010). An Overview of the Healthcare System in Taiwan.” London Journal of Primary Care 3, no. 2: 115–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/17571472.2010.11493315.
Aydın, S., Collıns, S. K., Jha, P., Nash, J. K. (2021). EVALUATION OF US AND TAIWAN HEALTH SYSTEM PERFORMANCE:A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE. International Journal of Health Management and Tourism, 6(1), 415-426.