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HEALTH AND SAFETY-RELATED ISSUES AT LAKE BOSOMETWE, GHANA

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 116 - 139, 23.03.2022

Öz

Health and safety matters in attraction sites are some of the crucial aspects of tourism keeping the industry
alive. Considering this, the study has explored the health and safety concerns at Lake Bosometwe in Ghana,
and ways to deal with them due to the shortage of evidence-based empirical studies in the field. The study
made use of exploratory research design; primary data (qualitative) from 387 responses were analysed in
percentages and frequencies on tables and charts. The qualitative data was analysed through open content
analysis. From the results, major health and safety issues associated with the site were cholera, skin diseases
and headache. They were attributed to low cleaning practices like inadequate sewage disposals. Others were
robbery, theft (due to inadequate security systems) and road accidents (due to the poor road system and
carelessness of some drivers). The study recommends that there should be a provision of good road and
security systems, health/clinic facilities, health and security policy programmes and intensive education to
all stakeholders to contribute to healthy and secured tourism at the site.

Kaynakça

  • Akadiri, S.S. Eluwoleb, K.K. Akadiric, A.C. and Avcib, A.C. (2020). Does causality between geopolitical risk, tourism and economic growth matter? Evidence from Turkey. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management 43 (2020) 273–277.
  • American Public Health Association, (2021). What is public health? Retrieved 25 November, 2021, https://www.apha.org/what-is-public-health.
  • Amira, F. (2015). The potential of Tourist Zones in the Maldives: Obscured behind the "sunny side of life"? Dans G. Baldacchino, Archipelago Tourism: Policies and Practices (pp. 212- 225). Ashgate.
  • Amu-Mensah, K.F. Amu-Mensah, M. Akrong, M., Addico, G. and Darko, H. (2019). Hydrology of the major water sources of Lake Bosomtwe in Ghana. West African Journal of Applied Ecology, vol. 27(1), 2019: 42 – 51.
  • Andrew, T.S. (2016). ‘’Consumer behaviour in digital and social media marketing: A review of recent findings and directions for future research, “current opinion in psychological: Special issue in consumer Behaviour, forthcoming.
  • Babbie, E. (2007). The practice of social research. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth.
  • Battaglia. P.M. (2008). Encyclopedia of Survey Research Methods. 2008 SAGE Publications, Ltd.
  • Becker, G. (1968). Crime and Punishment: An Economic Approach. Journal of Political Economy, 76 (2),169–217.
  • Binns, C. and Low, W.Y. (2015). What Is Public Health? Asia-Pacific journal of public health/Asia-Pacific Academic Consortium for Public Health. 27. 5-6.
  • Boakye, K. (2012). Tourists’ views on safety and vulnerability. A study of some selected towns in Ghana. Tourism Management-Tourism Manage. 33.
  • Breda, Z. and Costa, C. (2005). Safety and Security Issues Affecting Inbound Tourism in the People's Republic of China. 10.1016/B978-0-7506-7898-8.50017-5.
  • Brenner, M. (2017). Six examples of genius brand storytelling you have to see. Retrieved 12 January, 2020, https://marketinginsidergroup.com/content-marketing/6examples-geniusbrand-storytelling-see/.
  • Cohen, L.E. and Felson, M. (1979). Social Change and Crime Rate Trends: A Routine Activity Approach. American Sociological Review, 44 (4), 588–608.
  • Commission on Human Security (CHS) (2003). Human Security Now: Protecting and Empowering People Commission on Human Security, New York. Retrieved 2 January, 2022, http://www.humansecurity‐chs.org/finalreport/outline.html.
  • Cui, F. Liu, Y. Chang, Y. et al. (2016). An overview of tourism risk perception. Nat Hazards 82, 643–658 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-016-2208-1
  • Dosoo, F. Kuuder, C. and Adongo, R. (2020). Medical tourism potentials of Tamale Teaching Hospital in Ghana. International Journal of Health Management and Tourism. 10.31201/ijhmt.740557.
  • European Union (1990). Package Travel Directive (1990/314/EEC). Retrieved 5 January, 2022 https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=celex%3A31990L0314
  • Goeldner, C.R. and Ritchie, J.R. (2002). Brent; McINTOSH, Robert W. Turismo: princípios, práticas e filosofias. Trad. Roberto Cataldo Costa, 8.
  • Goodrich, J.N. and Goodrich, G.E. (1987). Health-care tourism—An exploratory study. Tourism Management, 8(3), 217-222.
  • Goodwin, H. (2011). Taking Responsibility for Tourism. Goodfellow Publishers Limited, Oxford.
  • Gotovac, P. (2007). Tourism And Health: What successful managers in tourist destinations should know about health security as a key factor in establishing and promoting a reliable, safe tourist industry. Acta turistica nova, Vol. 1. No. 1., 2007.
  • Hamarneh, I. and Jeřábek. I. (2018) The Impact of The Security Situation On Tourism In The Countries Of The Former Yugoslavia Ing. International Scientific Journal "Security & Future" Year Ii, Issue 3, P.P. 111-115 (2018).
  • Hindley, A. and Marmion, M. (2019). Tourism and Health, Risks, and Challenges. 10.1007/978- 3-319-69627-0_10-1.
  • Islam, M.T. Talukder, A.K. Siddiqui, M.N. and Islam, T. (2020). Tackling the Pandemic COVID19: The Bangladesh Perspective. Preprints 2020, 2020040384
  • Joy, (2018). Lake Bosomtwe gets safety and emergency services team. Retrieved 3 July, 2019, https://www.myjoyonline.com/lake-bosomtwe-gets-safety-and-emergency-services-team/ Ji, Z. Yang, S-H. S. Cao, Y. Wang, Y. Zhou, C. Yue, L. and Zhang, Y. (2021). Harmonizing safety and security risk analysis and prevention in cyber-physical systems. Process Safety and Environmental Protection Volume 148, April 2021, Pages 1279-1291.
  • Khajuria, S. and Khanna, S. (2014). Tourism risks and crimes at pilgrimage Destination a case study of Shri Mata Vaishno Devi. International Journal of Event Management Research, Vol. 8(1), pp. 77-93.
  • Kovari, I. and Zimanyi, K. (2011). Safety and security in the age of global tourism (the changing role and conception of safety and security in tourism). Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 5: 59–61.
  • Lawrence A.P. Carla, A.G. Jennifer, P.W. and Kimberly, E.H. (2013). Purposeful Sampling for Qualitative Data Collection and Analysis in Mixed Method Implementation Research. Research Gate.
  • Lu, J.G. Lee, J.J. Gino, F. and Galinsky, A.D. (2018). “Polluted Morality: Air Pollution Predicts Criminal Activity and Unethical Behavior.” Psychological Science 29 (3): 340-55.
  • Matakovic, H. and Mataković, I. (2019). The impact of crime on security in tourism. Security and Defence Quarterly. 27. 1-20. 10.35467/sdq/115539
  • McIntosh, R.W. Goeldner, C.R. and Ritchie, J.B. (1995). Tourism: Principles. Practices, Philosophies.
  • Mihalic, T. (2016). Sustainable-Responsible Tourism Discourse – Towards ‘Responsustable’ Tourism. Journal Of Cleaner Production. 111. 461-470.
  • Novelli, M. Burgess, L.G. Jones, A. & Ritchie, B.W. (2018). “No Ebola: Still doomed”- the Ebolainduced tourism crisis. Ann. Tour. Res. 2018, 70, 76–87.
  • Nwokorie, E.C. Everest, D.A. and Ojo, O.O. (2014). Emerging security challenges for tourism development: Effect on the Nigerian economy. Journal of Women in Technical Education, 7(2), 33–40.
  • Okan, S. (2010). The Importance of Environment for the Tourism Sector of Trnc Within The Context of Environmental Issues of the Mediterranean Region. Ege Academic Review. 1. 11-19.
  • PASGR. (2013) ‘Political economy of universal social protection policy uptake in Africa.’ Draft Research Framework Paper. Nairobi: PASGR.
  • Mattew V.P. and Sreejesh, S. (2017). Impact of responsible tourism on destination sustainability and quality of life of community in tourism destination. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management 31 (2017) 83e89.
  • Peng, Y. and Wu, M. (2017). Research on the Theory and Practice of Tourism Security —A Case Study for Jiangxi Province. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 119
  • Pizam, A. (1999). "A Comprehensive Approach to Classifying Acts of Crime and Violence at Tourism Destinations and Analyzing their Differential Effects on Tourism Demand" (1999). Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works. 130. Retrieved 12 November, 2021, https://stars.library.ucf.edu/ucfscholar/130
  • Poku, G. (2016). Safety And Security of Tourists at The Kakum National Park, Ghana. Digitized by UCC, Library.
  • Renata, S.M. (2007). The service quality of Māori tourism operators: a gap analysis (Thesis, Master of Commerce). University of Otago. http://hdl.handle.net/10523/518
  • Sandilands, D. (2014). Bivariate Analysis. In: Michalos A.C. (eds) Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research. Springer, Dordrecht.
  • Sedgwick, P. (2013). Convenience sampling. BMJ: British Medical Journal (Online), 347.
  • Wyse, S.E. (2011). What is the Difference between Qualitative Research and Quantitative Research? 15 December, 2021, http://www.snapsurveys.com/blog/what‐is‐the‐difference‐ between‐qualitative‐research‐and‐quantitative‐research/.
  • Turker, N. Alaeddinoglu, F. and Can, A. (2016). The Role of Stakeholders in Sustainable Tourism Development in Safranbolu, Turkey.
  • Tuclea, C. Vranceanu, D. and Nastase, C. (2020). The Role of social media in Health Safety Evaluation of a Tourism Destination throughout the Travel Planning Process. Sustainability. 12. 6661. 10.3390/su12166661.
  • Wall, G. and Mathieson, A. (2006). Tourism – change, impacts and opportunities, Harlow, UK: Pearson Education Limited.
  • Wilks, J. Pendergast, D. and Wood, M. (2003). Accidental deaths of overseas visitors in Australia 1997–2000. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 2003, Vol. 10, pp. 79–89.
  • Wæver, O. (1995). Securitization and Desecuritization. In: Lipschutz RD (ed.) On Security. New York: Columbia University Press, 46–86.
  • William, A. (2015). Conducting Semi-Structured Interviews. Retrieved 12 December, 2021, 10.1002/9781119171386.ch19.
  • United Nations World Tourism Organisation, (2010). WHO statement relating to international travel and trade to and from countries experiencing outbreaks of cholera. 12, December, 2021, https://www.who.int/cholera/technical/prevention/choleratravelandtradeadvice231110.pdf.
  • World Travel and Tourism Council, (2015). Retrieved 1 December, 2021,
  • https://caribbeanhotelandtourism.com/wp-content/uploads/data_center/global/WTTCWorldEconomicReport2015.pdf.
  • WHO, U. and Mathers, C. (2017). Global strategy for women's, children's and adolescents' health (2016-2030). Organization, 2016(9).
  • West Virginia Department of health and human Resources, WVBPH. (2012). Workforce Assessment Survey Final Report. Retrieved 12 November, 2021, https://sph.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/112/2015/07/nciph-sphtc-wvreport1.pdf.
Yıl 2022, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 116 - 139, 23.03.2022

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Akadiri, S.S. Eluwoleb, K.K. Akadiric, A.C. and Avcib, A.C. (2020). Does causality between geopolitical risk, tourism and economic growth matter? Evidence from Turkey. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management 43 (2020) 273–277.
  • American Public Health Association, (2021). What is public health? Retrieved 25 November, 2021, https://www.apha.org/what-is-public-health.
  • Amira, F. (2015). The potential of Tourist Zones in the Maldives: Obscured behind the "sunny side of life"? Dans G. Baldacchino, Archipelago Tourism: Policies and Practices (pp. 212- 225). Ashgate.
  • Amu-Mensah, K.F. Amu-Mensah, M. Akrong, M., Addico, G. and Darko, H. (2019). Hydrology of the major water sources of Lake Bosomtwe in Ghana. West African Journal of Applied Ecology, vol. 27(1), 2019: 42 – 51.
  • Andrew, T.S. (2016). ‘’Consumer behaviour in digital and social media marketing: A review of recent findings and directions for future research, “current opinion in psychological: Special issue in consumer Behaviour, forthcoming.
  • Babbie, E. (2007). The practice of social research. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth.
  • Battaglia. P.M. (2008). Encyclopedia of Survey Research Methods. 2008 SAGE Publications, Ltd.
  • Becker, G. (1968). Crime and Punishment: An Economic Approach. Journal of Political Economy, 76 (2),169–217.
  • Binns, C. and Low, W.Y. (2015). What Is Public Health? Asia-Pacific journal of public health/Asia-Pacific Academic Consortium for Public Health. 27. 5-6.
  • Boakye, K. (2012). Tourists’ views on safety and vulnerability. A study of some selected towns in Ghana. Tourism Management-Tourism Manage. 33.
  • Breda, Z. and Costa, C. (2005). Safety and Security Issues Affecting Inbound Tourism in the People's Republic of China. 10.1016/B978-0-7506-7898-8.50017-5.
  • Brenner, M. (2017). Six examples of genius brand storytelling you have to see. Retrieved 12 January, 2020, https://marketinginsidergroup.com/content-marketing/6examples-geniusbrand-storytelling-see/.
  • Cohen, L.E. and Felson, M. (1979). Social Change and Crime Rate Trends: A Routine Activity Approach. American Sociological Review, 44 (4), 588–608.
  • Commission on Human Security (CHS) (2003). Human Security Now: Protecting and Empowering People Commission on Human Security, New York. Retrieved 2 January, 2022, http://www.humansecurity‐chs.org/finalreport/outline.html.
  • Cui, F. Liu, Y. Chang, Y. et al. (2016). An overview of tourism risk perception. Nat Hazards 82, 643–658 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-016-2208-1
  • Dosoo, F. Kuuder, C. and Adongo, R. (2020). Medical tourism potentials of Tamale Teaching Hospital in Ghana. International Journal of Health Management and Tourism. 10.31201/ijhmt.740557.
  • European Union (1990). Package Travel Directive (1990/314/EEC). Retrieved 5 January, 2022 https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=celex%3A31990L0314
  • Goeldner, C.R. and Ritchie, J.R. (2002). Brent; McINTOSH, Robert W. Turismo: princípios, práticas e filosofias. Trad. Roberto Cataldo Costa, 8.
  • Goodrich, J.N. and Goodrich, G.E. (1987). Health-care tourism—An exploratory study. Tourism Management, 8(3), 217-222.
  • Goodwin, H. (2011). Taking Responsibility for Tourism. Goodfellow Publishers Limited, Oxford.
  • Gotovac, P. (2007). Tourism And Health: What successful managers in tourist destinations should know about health security as a key factor in establishing and promoting a reliable, safe tourist industry. Acta turistica nova, Vol. 1. No. 1., 2007.
  • Hamarneh, I. and Jeřábek. I. (2018) The Impact of The Security Situation On Tourism In The Countries Of The Former Yugoslavia Ing. International Scientific Journal "Security & Future" Year Ii, Issue 3, P.P. 111-115 (2018).
  • Hindley, A. and Marmion, M. (2019). Tourism and Health, Risks, and Challenges. 10.1007/978- 3-319-69627-0_10-1.
  • Islam, M.T. Talukder, A.K. Siddiqui, M.N. and Islam, T. (2020). Tackling the Pandemic COVID19: The Bangladesh Perspective. Preprints 2020, 2020040384
  • Joy, (2018). Lake Bosomtwe gets safety and emergency services team. Retrieved 3 July, 2019, https://www.myjoyonline.com/lake-bosomtwe-gets-safety-and-emergency-services-team/ Ji, Z. Yang, S-H. S. Cao, Y. Wang, Y. Zhou, C. Yue, L. and Zhang, Y. (2021). Harmonizing safety and security risk analysis and prevention in cyber-physical systems. Process Safety and Environmental Protection Volume 148, April 2021, Pages 1279-1291.
  • Khajuria, S. and Khanna, S. (2014). Tourism risks and crimes at pilgrimage Destination a case study of Shri Mata Vaishno Devi. International Journal of Event Management Research, Vol. 8(1), pp. 77-93.
  • Kovari, I. and Zimanyi, K. (2011). Safety and security in the age of global tourism (the changing role and conception of safety and security in tourism). Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 5: 59–61.
  • Lawrence A.P. Carla, A.G. Jennifer, P.W. and Kimberly, E.H. (2013). Purposeful Sampling for Qualitative Data Collection and Analysis in Mixed Method Implementation Research. Research Gate.
  • Lu, J.G. Lee, J.J. Gino, F. and Galinsky, A.D. (2018). “Polluted Morality: Air Pollution Predicts Criminal Activity and Unethical Behavior.” Psychological Science 29 (3): 340-55.
  • Matakovic, H. and Mataković, I. (2019). The impact of crime on security in tourism. Security and Defence Quarterly. 27. 1-20. 10.35467/sdq/115539
  • McIntosh, R.W. Goeldner, C.R. and Ritchie, J.B. (1995). Tourism: Principles. Practices, Philosophies.
  • Mihalic, T. (2016). Sustainable-Responsible Tourism Discourse – Towards ‘Responsustable’ Tourism. Journal Of Cleaner Production. 111. 461-470.
  • Novelli, M. Burgess, L.G. Jones, A. & Ritchie, B.W. (2018). “No Ebola: Still doomed”- the Ebolainduced tourism crisis. Ann. Tour. Res. 2018, 70, 76–87.
  • Nwokorie, E.C. Everest, D.A. and Ojo, O.O. (2014). Emerging security challenges for tourism development: Effect on the Nigerian economy. Journal of Women in Technical Education, 7(2), 33–40.
  • Okan, S. (2010). The Importance of Environment for the Tourism Sector of Trnc Within The Context of Environmental Issues of the Mediterranean Region. Ege Academic Review. 1. 11-19.
  • PASGR. (2013) ‘Political economy of universal social protection policy uptake in Africa.’ Draft Research Framework Paper. Nairobi: PASGR.
  • Mattew V.P. and Sreejesh, S. (2017). Impact of responsible tourism on destination sustainability and quality of life of community in tourism destination. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management 31 (2017) 83e89.
  • Peng, Y. and Wu, M. (2017). Research on the Theory and Practice of Tourism Security —A Case Study for Jiangxi Province. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 119
  • Pizam, A. (1999). "A Comprehensive Approach to Classifying Acts of Crime and Violence at Tourism Destinations and Analyzing their Differential Effects on Tourism Demand" (1999). Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works. 130. Retrieved 12 November, 2021, https://stars.library.ucf.edu/ucfscholar/130
  • Poku, G. (2016). Safety And Security of Tourists at The Kakum National Park, Ghana. Digitized by UCC, Library.
  • Renata, S.M. (2007). The service quality of Māori tourism operators: a gap analysis (Thesis, Master of Commerce). University of Otago. http://hdl.handle.net/10523/518
  • Sandilands, D. (2014). Bivariate Analysis. In: Michalos A.C. (eds) Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research. Springer, Dordrecht.
  • Sedgwick, P. (2013). Convenience sampling. BMJ: British Medical Journal (Online), 347.
  • Wyse, S.E. (2011). What is the Difference between Qualitative Research and Quantitative Research? 15 December, 2021, http://www.snapsurveys.com/blog/what‐is‐the‐difference‐ between‐qualitative‐research‐and‐quantitative‐research/.
  • Turker, N. Alaeddinoglu, F. and Can, A. (2016). The Role of Stakeholders in Sustainable Tourism Development in Safranbolu, Turkey.
  • Tuclea, C. Vranceanu, D. and Nastase, C. (2020). The Role of social media in Health Safety Evaluation of a Tourism Destination throughout the Travel Planning Process. Sustainability. 12. 6661. 10.3390/su12166661.
  • Wall, G. and Mathieson, A. (2006). Tourism – change, impacts and opportunities, Harlow, UK: Pearson Education Limited.
  • Wilks, J. Pendergast, D. and Wood, M. (2003). Accidental deaths of overseas visitors in Australia 1997–2000. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 2003, Vol. 10, pp. 79–89.
  • Wæver, O. (1995). Securitization and Desecuritization. In: Lipschutz RD (ed.) On Security. New York: Columbia University Press, 46–86.
  • William, A. (2015). Conducting Semi-Structured Interviews. Retrieved 12 December, 2021, 10.1002/9781119171386.ch19.
  • United Nations World Tourism Organisation, (2010). WHO statement relating to international travel and trade to and from countries experiencing outbreaks of cholera. 12, December, 2021, https://www.who.int/cholera/technical/prevention/choleratravelandtradeadvice231110.pdf.
  • World Travel and Tourism Council, (2015). Retrieved 1 December, 2021,
  • https://caribbeanhotelandtourism.com/wp-content/uploads/data_center/global/WTTCWorldEconomicReport2015.pdf.
  • WHO, U. and Mathers, C. (2017). Global strategy for women's, children's and adolescents' health (2016-2030). Organization, 2016(9).
  • West Virginia Department of health and human Resources, WVBPH. (2012). Workforce Assessment Survey Final Report. Retrieved 12 November, 2021, https://sph.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/112/2015/07/nciph-sphtc-wvreport1.pdf.
Toplam 55 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Godfred Boakye Osei Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-5880-7427

Albert Junior Nyarko Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 23 Mart 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 1 Şubat 2022
Kabul Tarihi 17 Şubat 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Osei, G. B., & Nyarko, A. J. (2022). HEALTH AND SAFETY-RELATED ISSUES AT LAKE BOSOMETWE, GHANA. International Journal of Health Management and Tourism, 7(1), 116-139.