KÜRESEL DÜŞÜN YEREL TASARLA: İKLİM KRİZİNE KARŞI KENT VERNAKÜLERİ YAKLAŞIMI

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 15, 13 - 22, 31.12.2022

Atlıhan Onat Karacalı

Öz

İklim krizi, tüm yönleri ile kuşkusuz günümüzün en önde gelen küresel sorunudur. Bir an önce kritik
önlemler alınmaz ise, yakın gelecekte bu gerçeğin oldukça kaotik sonuçları ile yüzleşeceğimiz
açıktır. Sıcaklık değerlerinin artışı, deniz seviyelerinin yükselmesi, kirliliğin yaygınlaşması, karbon
salınım oranları ve ormansızlaşma gibi etkileri düzenli olarak ölçen raporlar; bu uygunsuz gerçeği
görünür kılmaktadır. Ulusal düzeylerde titizlikle yürütülen bina enerji yönetmeliği ve yeşil bina
sertifikası uygulamaları ise küresel bir anlayıştan henüz çok uzaktadır. Söz konusu raporlara
bakıldığında, problemin başta gelen sorumlularından birinin yapı sektörü olduğu da görünmektedir.
Çağdaş yapı malzemelerinin üretim ve taşıması, inşaat aşamaları, kullanım boyunca mekanların
iklimlendirilme ve aydınlatması süreçlerinin hemen tamamı sürdürülebilir olmayan yöntemlerle
işletilmektedir. Dünya ölçeğinde tek tipleşmiş yapı üretim yöntemi, yerel ihtiyaçları karşılayamadığı
gibi yöresel hava koşullarının tümü ile de örtüşmeyerek iklim krizinin büyümesine katkı
sağlamaktadır. Öte yandan; yerel malzeme ve teknikle üretilen, yöresel iklim ve kültürle örtüşen
vernaküler yapıların dünyanın her noktasındaki varlığı ve tüm yapı stoğundaki yoğunluğu inkar
edilemeyecek şekilde ortadadır. Bu çalışmanın önerdiği yönteme göre; vernaküler yapıların
sürdürülebilir yöntemleri saptanmalı ve hızla formel mimariye uyarlanmalıdır. Yerel düzeyde
yürütülecek çalışmalar küresel ölçekte denetlenmeli ve raporlanmalıdır. Böylece, sürdürülebilir yeni
yerel yapım yönetmelikleri türetilmelidir. Ancak bu çalışmanın tariflediği gibi bir yaklaşımla, iklim
krizinde mimarlığın payını azaltmak amaçlanabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

iklim krizi, iklimle dengeli tasarım, vernaküler mimarlık, sürdürülebilir mimari, sürdürülebilirlik

THINK GLOBALLY DESIGN LOCALLY: URBAN VERNACULAR APPROACH FOR CLIMATE CRISIS

Öz

Climate crisis is the biggest global threat of current era. If the necessary critical actions are not taken
now, it is obvious that we are going to face the chaotic results in near future. Reports figuring out
warming increase, sea level rise, pollution growth, carbon emission, and deforestation, put forward
this inconvenient truth. National building energy codes and green building certificate programs seem
far from a global approach. Mentioned reports also show that the building sector is the main
contributor of the climate crisis. Production and transportation of modern materials, construction,
space climatization and lighting processes are all operated via unsustainable methods. Globally
homogenized building attitude does not meet local needs and by mismatching the local conditions it
also promotes the climate crisis. On the other hand, the vernacular architecture, adapted the regional
climate and culture with local materials and techniques, exist all over the world and holds the greater
percentage of the global building stock. According to the method this study explains, the sustainable
aspects of vernacular architecture must rapidly be transferred to formal architecture. Studies on
various local levels must be controlled and reported by global authorities. Thus, new sustainable
local building codes must be produced. Only by using a similar method with the one this study
explains, the contribution of architecture to climate crisis can be reduced.

Anahtar Kelimeler

iklim krizi, iklimle dengeli tasarım, vernaküler mimarlık, sürdürülebilir mimari, sürdürülebilirlik

Kaynakça

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