Etiyopya'da Yoksulluğun Azaltılması İçin İslami Kitle Fonlaması, Nakit Vakıf ve İslami Mikrofinansın Entegrasyonu

Öz

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, İslami mikrofinans (IsMF) hizmetlerinin benimsenmesini desteklemek üzere, entegre İslami kitle fonlaması ve nakit vakıf (ICFCW) modeline dayalı bir strateji geliştirmektir. Günümüzde finansal teknolojilerin (FinTech) hızla yaygınlaşması, İslami sosyal finansman alanında fon toplamak için yeni yöntemlerin araştırılmasını gerekli kılmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, finansal araçlar hem hizmetlere erişimin sağlanması hem de mevcut hizmetlerin etkin bir şekilde kullanılması açısından önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Araştırma, yoksulluğun azaltılmasına katkıda bulunmak amacıyla, İslami mikrofinans kapsamında kitle fonlaması ve nakit vakıf mekanizmaları aracılığıyla kaynakların ihtiyaç sahiplerine yönlendirilmesini ele almaktadır. Ayrıca, entegre ICFCW modelinin Etiyopya'da uygulanabilirliği değerlendirilmektedir. Araştırmada karma yöntem yaklaşımı benimsenmiş; yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmelerin yanı sıra literatür taraması ve belge analizi yöntemlerinden yararlanılmıştır. Verilerin analizi sonucunda, Murabaha temelli finansman ilk sırada yer alırken, kâr ve zarara katılım (PLS) esasına dayanan Müşaraka ve Mudaraba ikinci sırada belirlenmiştir. ICFCW modeli ise sermaye temelli bir finansman aracı olarak üçüncü sırada yer almıştır. Bulgular, İslami kitle fonlamasının Etiyopya'nın finans sektöründe henüz yeni gelişen bir kavram olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bununla birlikte, özellikle bağış temelli hayır kampanyalarında yaygın olarak kullanıldığı ve sosyal medya aracılığıyla giderek daha fazla geliştiği görülmektedir. Bu sonuçlar, ICFCW modelinin İslami mikrofinans hizmetlerinin geliştirilmesi ve yoksulluğun azaltılmasına yönelik alternatif finansman yöntemlerinin değerlendirilmesi açısından önemini ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İslami Kitle Fonlaması
• Nakit Vakıf
• İslami Mikrofinans
• Entegre İslami Kitle Fonlaması Nakit Vakıf Modeli
• Etiyopya

Integration of Islamic Crowdfunding, Cash Waqf, and Islamic Microfinance for Poverty Alleviation in Ethiopia

Öz

This paper's underlying aim is to design a strategy to develop an integrated Islamic-Crowdfunding-Cash-Waqf (ICFCW) Model for adopting IsMF services. Besides, it focused on exploring new channels for Islamic social finance towards fundraising with the employment of financial technology (FinTech). FinTech plays a central role in access to financial services and its use nowadays. This research targeted poverty alleviation by channeling funds through Islamic crowdfunding and cash waqf financial instruments for IsMFIs. Moreover, examining and validating the viability of the ICFCW model in Ethiopia is another focus of this study. Regarding the research methodology, a mixed-method design was employed. In particular, semi-structured interviews were conducted and analyzed using thematic analysis, and a case study was applied using the snowball sampling method. Accordingly, the analyzed survey data from the pilot case study revealed that the ICFCW model (equity-based financing) was ranked third, following PLS-based financing (Musharakah and Mudarabah) and Murabahah -based financing, which were ranked first and second, respectively. Additionally, the thematic analysis results show that the study findings, supported by many respondents, indicate a preference for the ICFCW model due to its novel approach to resource mobilization and its role as an alternative financial instrument, despite the low level of awareness of crowdfunding and cash waqf in the country. Thus, crowdfunding, particularly Islamic crowdfunding, is a relatively new concept in the Ethiopian financial industry. However, it has recently become popular for donation-based (charity) campaigns and is rapidly growing through social media platforms.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Islamic Crowdfunding
• Cash waqf
• Islamic Microfinance
• Integrated Islamic crowdfunding cash waqf model
• Islamic finance in Ethiopia

Teşekkür

I would like to extend my sincere gratitude to the editorial team and reviewers for their invaluable cooperation and support throughout this journey. Your guidance and dedication have played a key role in the successful publication of this article. Thank you for being part of this meaningful academic endeavor.

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