Determination of Farnesoic acid O-methyltransferase Gene Polymorphism in Caucasian Bee (Apis mellifera caucasica, G.)

Öz

Honey bees contribute significantly to the balance and sustainability of the ecosystem through pollination. The Caucasian bee (Apis mellifera caucasica G.), which differs from other honey bee races with distinctly different morphological and physiological characteristics, stands out with its ability to easily adapt to low temperatures and superior wintering ability. Juvenile hormone (JH) plays a vital role in regulating physiological processes in adult bees. In this study, it was aimed to determine the DNA polymorphisms in the 6th, 7th, 4th and 1st exon regions of juvenile hormone esterase, juvenile hormone acid (Farnesoic acid) O-methyltransferase, methyl farnesoate epoxidase and farnesoal epoxidase genes by the PCR-RFLP method. Genomic DNA was isolated from samples from 30 colonies. HinfI was used to cut the regions amplified by PCR. Fragments of 50-55 bc in size were obtained due to cutting the 111 bc FAMET region of the Juvenile hormone acid (Farnesoic acid) O-methyltransferase gene amplified by PCR with the HinfI enzyme. It is thought that polymorphisms up to 5 base pairs in fragment size may be caused by SNP or insertion-deletion mutation. This study is a preliminary study showing that the difference detected in the Juvenile hormone acid (Farnesoic acid) O-methyltransferase gene may be effective on physiological and behavioural characteristics specific to the Caucasian bee, and may be among the molecular causes of the race-specific differences seen in complex processes such as social and seasonal behaviours, age-related task change and colony dynamics and more and detailed studies are needed on this subject.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biosynthesis
• caucasian bee
• DNA polymorphism
• juvenile hormone
• PCR-RFLP

Kafkas Arısı’nda (Apis mellifera caucasica G.) Farnesoik asit O-metiltransferaz Gen Polimorfizminin Belirlenmesi

Öz

Polinasyon aracılığıyla ekosistemin dengesine ve sürdürülebilirliğine önemli katkılar sağlayan bal arıları, aynı zamanda tarımsal üretim açısından yüksek ekonomik değere sahiptir. Belirgin farklı morfolojik ve fizyolojik özellikler ile diğer bal arısı ırklarından ayrılan Kafkas arısı (Apis mellifera caucasica G.), düşük sıcaklıklara kolayca adapte olabilmesi ve üstün kışlama yeteneği ile öne çıkmaktadır. Endokrin hormonlardan biri olan Juvenil hormon (JH); bal arılarında başkalaşımın kontrol edilmesi, larval büyüme, ergin dişi böceklerde üreme gibi fizyolojik süreçlerin düzenlenmesinde önemli rol almaktadır. Bu çalışmada JH biyosentezinde rol oynayan juvenil hormon esteraz, juvenil hormon asit (Farnesoik asit) O-metiltransferaz, metil farnesoat epoksidaz ve farnesoal eposidaz genlerinin sırasıyla 6., 7., 4. ve 1. ekzon bölgelerindeki DNA polimorfizmlerinin PCR-RFLP yöntemi ile belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla 30 farklı Kafkas arısı kolonisinden alınan örneklerden genomik DNA izole edilmiştir. PCR ile çoğaltılan bölgelerin kesiminde HinfI restriksiyon endonükeazı kullanılmıştır. Kafkas arı ırkında PCR ile çoğaltılan Juvenil hormon asit (Farnesoik asit) O-metiltransferaz geninin 111 bç büyüklüğündeki FAMET bölgesinin HinfI enzimiyle kesilmesi sonucunda 50-55 bç büyüklüğünde fragmentler elde edilmiştir. Fragment büyüklüğündeki 5 baz çiftine kadar olan polimorfizmin SNP veya indel (insersiyon-delesyon) mutasyonundan kaynaklanabildiği düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışma, JH biyosentezinde rol alan Juvenil hormon asit (Farnesoik asit) O-metiltransferaz geninde tespit edilen farklılığın Kafkas arısına özgü fizyolojik ve davranışsal özellikler üzerine etkili olabileceğini, sosyal ve mevsimsel davranışlar, yaşa bağlı görev değişimi ve koloni dinamikleri gibi karmaşık süreçlerde görülen ırka özgü farklılığın da moleküler nedenleri arasında yer alabileceğini göstermiş olup, bu konuda daha fazla çalışmanın yapılmasına gereksinim bulunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biyosentez
• DNA polimorfizmi
• juvenil hormon
• kafkas arısı
• PCR-RFLP

Kaynakça

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