Effect of Juglone on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Four Common Vegetables

Öz

In this study, effect of juglone on seed germination and post-germinative seedling growth of four common vegetables (aubergine, pepper, zucchini and gherkin) has been investigated. Juglone treatments were applied at 0 (control), 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 mM concentrations. Seed germination of aubergine and pepper was significantly inhibited by juglone but in the case of zucchini and gherkin, juglone didn’t change the germination of the seeds. However, both root and shoot elongation and dry weights of the seedlings of all the species studied were significantly decreased by juglone above 0.01 mM concentrations with respect to control. The sensitivity range of the species to juglone was determined as aubergine, pepper, zucchini and gherkin. That is, the most sensitive species to juglone was found aubergine that juglone inhibited its seedling growth at even 0.001 mM concentration.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Juglone,germination,seedling growth,aubergine,pepper,zucchini

Kaynakça

1. 1. Rizvi, S.J.H. and V. Rizvi, Allelopathy. 1992, New York: Chapman and Hall.
2. 2. Kocacaliskan, I. and I. Terzi, Allelopathic effects of walnut leaf extracts and juglone on seed germination and seedling growth. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 2001. 76(4): p. 436-440.
3. 3. Kocaçalişkan, İ., Allelopati. 2006, Ankara, Turkey: Bizim Büro Press-In Turkish,.
4. 4. Cheema, Z.A. and M.F. Abdulwahid, Alleloptahy: Current trends and future applications. 2013, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-verlag.
5. 5. Reigosa, M.J., N. Pedrol, and L. González, Allelopathy A Physiological Process with Ecological Implications. 2006, Springer, Neteherland.
6. 6. Rice, E.L., Allelopathy. 1984, New York: 2nd Edition, Academic Press
7. 7. Pramanik, M.H.R., et al., Effect of temperature amd photoperiod on phytotoxic root exudates of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) in hydroponic culture. J. Chem. Ecol., 2000(26): p. 1953-1967.
8. 8. Lee, K.C. and R.W. Campbell, Nature and occurrence of juglone in Juglans nigra L. . Hort Sci., 1969(4): p. 297-298.

9. 9. Segura-Aguilar, J., I. Hakman, and J. Rydström, The effect of 5OH-1, 4-naphthoquinone on Norway spruce seeds during germination. Plant Physiology, 1992. 100(4): p. 1955-1961.
10. 10. Montenegro, R.C., et al., Cytotoxic activity of naphtoquinones with special emphasis on juglone and its 5-o-methyl derivative. Chemico-Biol. Interactions, 2010, 184(3): p. 439-448.
11. 11. Clark, A.M., T.M. Jurgens, and C.D. Hufford, Antimicrobial activity of juglone. Phytotherapy Research, 1990. 4(1): p. 11-14.
12. 12. Arasoglu, T., et al., Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity of juglone encapsulated PLGA nanoparticles. Journal of applied microbiology, 2017. 123(6): p. 1407-1419.
13. 13. Arasoglu, T., et al., Enhancement of Antifungal Activity of Juglone (5-Hydroxy-1, 4-naphthoquinone) Using a Poly (d, l-lactic-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA) Nanoparticle System. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2016. 64(38): p. 7087-7094.
14. 14. Kocaçalişkan, İ., et al., Varietal differences in antimicrobial activities of walnut (Juglans regia L.) leaf extracts. Gaziosmanpasa J. Sci. Res. , 2018, 7(3): p. 173-180.
15. 15. Chobot, V. and F. Hadacek, Milieu-dependent pro-and antioxidant activity of juglone may explain linear and nonlinear effects on seedling development. Journal of chemical ecology, 2009. 35(3): p. 383-390.
16. 16. Altikat, S., et al., Allelopathic effects of juglone on growth of cucumber and muskmelon seedlings with respect to antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation. Journal of Environmental Protection and Ecology, 2013. 14(3 A): p. 1244-1253.
17. 17. Topal, S., et al., Herbicidal effects of juglone as an allelochemical. Phyton, 2007. 46(2): p. 259-269.
18. 18. Sugie, S., et al., Inhibitory effects of plumbagin and juglone on azoxymethane-induced intestinal carcinogenesis in rats. Cancer letters, 1998. 127(1-2): p. 177-183.
19. 19. Aithal, K.B., et al., Juglone, a naphthoquinone from walnut, exerts cytotoxic and genotoxic effects against cultured melanoma tumor cells. Cell biology international, 2009. 33(10): p. 1039-1049.
20. 20. Xu, H., et al., Juglone, isolated from Juglans mandshurica Maxim, induces apoptosis via down-regulation of AR expression in human prostate cancer LNCaP cells. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 2013. 23(12): p. 3631-3634.
21. 21. Xu, H.-L., et al., Anti-proliferative effect of Juglone from Juglans mandshurica Maxim on human leukemia cell HL-60 by inducing apoptosis through the mitochondria-dependent pathway. European Journal of Pharmacology, 2010. 645(1): p. 14-22.
22. 22. Whittaker, R.H. and P.P. Feeny, Allelochemics: chemical interactions between species. Science, 1971. 171: p. 757-770.
23. 23. Rietveld, W.J., Allelopathic effects of Juglone on germination and growth of several herbaceous and woody species. J. Chem. Ecol., 1983(9): p. 295 – 308.
24. 24. Terzı, I., Allelopathic effects of juglone and walnut leaf and fruit hull extracts on seed germination and seedling growth in muskmelon and cucumber. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 2009. 21(3): p. 1840-1846.
25. 25. Akin, B. and I. Kocacaliskan. Effect of Juglone on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Endemic Species Aubrieta olympica and Arabis drabiformis in Tissue Culture Conditions. Phyton-Annales Rei Botanicae. 2016, 56(1): p. 121-128..
26. 26. Ponder, F. and S.H. Tadros, Juglone concentration in soil beneath black walnut interplanted with nitrogen fixing species. J. Chem. Ecol., 1985, 11(7): p. 937-942.
27. 27. Jose, S. and A.R. Gillespie, Allelopathy in black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) alley cropping. I. Spatio-temporal variation in soil juglone in a black walnut–corn (Zea maysL.) alley cropping system in the midwestern USA. Plant and Soil, 1998. 203(2): p. 191-197.