Biyoteknolojide Biyosensör ve Biyoçip Uygulamaları

Yıl 2021, , 468 - 490, 15.12.2021

Zülfü Tüylek

https://doi.org/10.38001/ijlsb.876231

Öz

Biyosensörler esas itibarıyla, bir biyo algılama materyali ve bir transdüser içerir. Biyolojik ve kimyasal etken maddelerin tespitinde kullanılır. Enzimler, antikorlar, nükleik asit çalışmaları, hücreler, dokular ve organelleri içeren biyolojik algılama malzemeleri, elektrokimyasal, optik, piezoelektrik, termal ve manyetik cihazlar gibi hedef analitleri ve transdüserleri seçici olarak tespit edebilir ve nicel olarak görüntüleyebilir. Biyoçipler, biyolojik olarak kullanılabilen mikroişlemciler olarak tanımlanır. Bir biyoçip, ultraminyatürize test tüpleri seti olarak algılanabilir. Bu sistem pek çok testin aynı anda ve çok hızlı bir biçimde yapılabilmesine imkân sağlar. Biyoçip aynı zamanda, bir numuneden birçok farklı bölgeye bakabilme avantajı da sunar. Son yıllarda biyomedikal uygulamalarında biyosensör ve biyoçipler sıklıkla tercih edilmektedir. Çünkü biyosensörler ve biyoçipler hastalıkların erken tanısında ve yaşam kalitesinin yükseltilmesinde önemli bir yere sahiptir. Nanoteknoloji veya chip teknolojisi kullanılarak geliştirilen yeni nesil biyosensörler, sonuçların daha kolay izlenmesi ve değerlendirilmesini sağlamaktadır. İnsanlar atomları anlamaya, atomları yeniden düzenlemeye, birçok yapıyı atomik (mikro, nano vb. Ölçeklere) boyutlara indirgemeye çalışırken birçok icat ortaya çıkmıştır. Bunlardan biri şüphesiz MEMS teknolojisidir.
Bu çalışmada, biyosensör ve biyoçip uygulamaları üzerine yapılan çalışmalar incelenmiştir. Yeni teknolojinin kullanım alanları araştırılmıştır. Biyosensör ve biyoçip alanında yapılan uygulamalar incelenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Biyosensör, Biyoçip, Biyomalzeme, Sağlık

Biosensor and Biochip Applications in Biotechnology

Öz

The biosensors essentially comprise a biosensing material and a transducer. It is used in the determination of biological and chemical active substances. Biosensing materials including enzymes, antibodies, nucleic acid studies, cells, tissues and organelles can selectively identify and quantitatively display target analytes and transducers such as electrochemical, optical, piezoelectric, thermal and magnetic devices. Biochip, at the same time offers the advantage looking at many different regions from one sample. In recent years biosensors and biochips have been frequently preferred in biomedical applications. Because biosensors and biochips have an important place in the early diagnosis of diseases and the promotion of quality of life. New generation biosensors, developed using nanotechnology or chip technology, provide easier monitoring and evaluation of results. Many inventions have arisen as people try to understand atoms, rearrange atoms, and reduce many structures to atomic (micro, nano, etc.) dimensions. One of them is undoubtedly MEMS technology. In this study, studies on biosensor and biochip applications are examined. The areas of use of the new technology have been researched. Biosensor and biochip applications have been examined.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Biosensor, Biochip, Biomateryal, Health

Kaynakça

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