Fitoöstrojenik Bitkiler; Ne Kadar Tüketilmeli?

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 3, 183 - 204, 28.12.2019

Rabia Vildan Soldamlı , Sahane Funda Arslanoglu

Öz

Yapılan çalışmalarda;
soya tüketiminin menopoz sorunlarını ve kanser riskini, sarımsak tüketiminin
postmenopozal dönemde kolon kanserini %50 oranında azalttığı,  jinekolojik hastalıkların tedavisinde
kullanılabileceği belirtilmiştir. Ayrıca; uzun süre fitoöstrojen bakımından
zengin yemlerle beslenen koyunlarda güç doğum oranlarında artış, koyun ve
kuzularda yüksek ölüm ve kalıcı kısırlık gibi önemli sorunlar saptanmıştır. İnsan
ve hayvanlar tarafından tüketilen besinlerin bazıları östrojen hormonu
salgısını artıran bileşikler içermektedir. Bitkilerde doğal olarak bulunan bu
bileşikler fitoöstrojen olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Fitoöstrojen tam anlamıyla östrojen
olmamakla birlikte bir yere kadar östrojenin yerine geçebilmektedir. Fitoöstrojenler
doğada farklı yoğunluklarda pek çok bitkide bulunmaktadır. Fitoöstrojenler;
flavonoid olanlar ve olmayanlar olarak iki gruba ayrılır. Flavonoid grubunda
olan fitoöstrojenler, isoflavonlar, kumestanlar ve prenil flavonoitler olup bu
grubun en önemli besin kaynakları; soya ve soya ürünleri, çay, kırmızı şarap,
baklagiller, brüksel lahanası ve ıspanak gibi bitkilerdir. Flavonoid olmayan
grupta ise lignanlar yer alır. Bitkiler arasında tohumu doğrudan tüketilen
keten iyi bir lignan kaynağı olup önemli bir fitoöstrojenik özelliğe sahiptir.
Fitoöstrojenlerin; antikanser, menopoz semptomlarını azaltma, osteoporoz,
kardiyovasküler hastalıkların önlenmesinde ve antikarsinojenik olmak üzere pek
çok etkisi vardır.  Östrojen hormonu hem
kadınlarda hem de erkekte bulunan ancak erkeklerde çok düşük düzeylerde olan
bir seks hormonudur. Temel yapı taşı kolestrol olan östrojen
yumurtalıklardan ve böbreküstü bezlerinden salgılanır. Kadınlarda üreme
fonksiyonları, menstrüel döngü ve menopoz periyodu üzerinde önemli etkileri
vardır. Dolayısı ile tüketilen gıdalar insan metabolizması tarafından
salgılanan hormonlar üzerine doğrudan etkilidir.

Bu makalede beslenmede
kullanılan fitoöstrojenik bitkilerin tüketiminde dikkat edilmesi gereken
hususlar, tüketilen fitoöstrojenik bitkiler ve etkileri incelenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bitkiler, İsoflovanlar, Lignan, Fitoöstrojen

Kaynakça

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