Comparative Analysis of Dimension Reduction Methods with 3 Dimensional Convolutional Neural Networks for Neonatal Hyperspectral Image Classification

Öz

Research Problem/Questions – Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) data are high-dimensional and complex data containing a large number of spectral bands. Therefore, these images generate large datasets and become challenging to process. The high dimensionality of HSI data often hinders classification performance. Short Literature Review – Consequently, in many HSI classification applications, dimensionality reduction methods are employed to deal with the challenges posed by high-dimensional data. These methods aim to extract valuable features, reducing data size and computational costs in the process. Methodology – In this study, various dimensionality reduction techniques were applied to enhance neonatal HSI classification performance. A specialized 3D Convolutional Neural Network (3D-CNN) model, capable of incorporating both spatial and spectral features, was used for classification. Several dimensionality reduction methods were assessed using various performance evaluation criteria. Results and Conclusions – Principal Component Analysis (PCA) emerged as the top-performing method. Additionally, PCA exhibited remarkable efficiency in dimensionality reduction time when compared to other techniques, significantly reducing computational costs while providing meaningful spectral features. Non-Negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) and Local Linear Embedding (LLE) also delivered strong results. On the other hand, t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE), although effective, consumed the most time in dimension reduction. In conclusion, this study underscores the potential of various dimensionality reduction methods in improving neonatal hyperspectral image classification. The application of such techniques enhances classification performance by rendering high-dimensional HSI data more manageable.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Hyperspectral Imaging
• Dimension Reduction
• 3D Convolutional Neural Networks
• Neonatal
• Principal Component Analysis
• Non-Negative Matrix Factorization
• Local Linear Embedding
• t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding.

Neonatal Hiperspektral Görüntü Sınıflandırması için 3 Boyutlu Evrişimli Sinir Ağları ile Boyut İndirgeme Yöntemlerinin Karşılaştırmalı Analizi

Öz

Hiperspektral Görüntüleme (HSG) verilerinin yüksek boyutlu olması, sınıflandırma performansını olumsuz etkilemektedir. Bu nedenle, birçok HSG sınıflandırma uygulamasında, yüksek boyutlu verilerle başa çıkmak için boyut indirgeme yöntemlerine başvurulmaktadır. Boyut indirgeme yöntemleri, kullanışlı özelliklerin elde edilmesini hedeflemektedir. Bu sürecin sonucunda veri boyutu azaltılmakta ve işlem maliyeti düşürülmektedir. Bu çalışmada, neonatal HSG sınıflandırma başarısını artırmak için veriler üzerine çeşitli boyut indirgeme yöntemleri uygulanmıştır. Hem uzamsal hem de spektral özelliklere erişebilen özel bir 3 boyutlu evrişimli sinir ağı (3B-ESA) modeli sınıflandırma için kullanılmıştır. Birçok boyut indirgeme yöntemi farklı performans değerlendirme ölçütleri kullanılarak değerlendirilmiş ve Temel Bileşenler Analizi (TBA) ile en iyi sonuca ulaşılmıştır. TBA, genel doğruluk oranı dışında boyut indirgeme süresi bakımından diğer yöntemlere kıyasla oldukça başarılı olmuştur. Bu sayede TBA, anlamlı spektral özelliklerin daha kısa bir sürede elde edilmesini sağlayarak hesaplama maliyetini düşürmüştür. Ayrıca, Negatif Olmayan Matris Ayrışımı (NOMA) ve Yerel Doğrusal Gömme (YDG) yöntemleri de başarılı sonuçlar vermiştir. t-Dağıtılmış Stokastik Komşu Gömme (t-SKG) yöntemi, iyi sonuçlar vermesine rağmen boyut indirme işleminde en fazla süreyi alan yöntem olmuştur. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışma neonatal hiperspektral görüntü sınıflandırmasında çeşitli boyut indirgeme yöntemlerinin başarılı sonuçlar elde edilmesini sağlayabileceğini göstermektedir. Bu tür tekniklerin kullanılması, yüksek boyutlu HSG verilerini daha işlenebilir hale getirerek sınıflandırma performansını artırmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Hiperspektral Görüntüleme
• Boyut İndirgeme
• 3 Boyutlu Evrişimli Sinir Ağları
• Neonatal
• Temel Bileşenler Analizi
• Negatif Olmayan Matris Ayrışımı
• Yerel Doğrusal Gömme
• t-Dağıtılmış Stokastik Komşu Gömme.

Kaynakça

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