A Comparative Analysis of Large Language Model Providers: Performance, Scalability, Reliability, and Sustainability

Öz

Large language model (LLM) provider selection has become a multi-objective infrastructure decision rather than a simple benchmark ranking exercise. This paper compares major proprietary, open-weight, and hyperscaler-mediated LLM options across four dimensions: performance, scalability, reliability, and sustainability. It synthesizes benchmark evidence, systems literature, provider disclosures, outage data, and environmental studies to show three cross-cutting patterns: benchmark leadership is increasingly fragile under contamination-free and real-world evaluation; sparse and optimized serving architectures are compressing the cost gap between frontier and open-weight systems; and reliability and sustainability disclosures lag behind enterprise adoption. The resulting framework emphasizes task-specific evaluation, tiered model routing, explicit fallback design, and per-query resource accounting as prerequisites for responsible production deployment.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Large language models
• LLM providers
• comparative analysis
• inference economics
• model routing
• sustainability
• reliability

Teşekkür

Generative AI tools were used to support literature search, reference checking, grammar refinement, and figure revision. All AI-assisted outputs were reviewed, verified, and edited by the authors, who remain fully responsible for the content of the manuscript.

Büyük Dil Modeli Sağlayıcılarının Karşılaştırmalı Analizi: Performans, Ölçeklenebilirlik, Güvenilirlik ve Sürdürülebilirlik

Öz

Büyük dil modeli (LLM) sağlayıcı seçimi, basit bir kıyaslama sıralaması egzersizinden ziyade çok amaçlı bir altyapı kararı haline gelmiştir. Bu makale, başlıca kapalı, açık kaynaklı ve hiper ölçekli LLM seçeneklerini dört boyutta karşılaştırmaktadır: performans, ölçeklenebilirlik, güvenilirlik ve sürdürülebilirlik. Kıyaslama kanıtlarını, sistem literatürünü, sağlayıcı açıklamalarını, kesinti verilerini ve çevresel çalışmaları sentezleyerek üç ortak örüntüyü ortaya koymaktadır: kirlenmeden arındırılmış ve gerçek dünya değerlendirmesi altında kıyaslama liderliği giderek daha kırılgan hale gelmektedir; seyrek ve optimize edilmiş sunucu mimarileri, öncü ve açık kaynaklı sistemler arasındaki maliyet farkını azaltmaktadır; ve güvenilirlik ve sürdürülebilirlik açıklamaları kurumsal benimsemenin gerisinde kalmaktadır. Ortaya çıkan çerçeve, sorumlu üretim dağıtımı için ön koşullar olarak göreve özgü değerlendirmeyi, kademeli model yönlendirmesini, açık yedekleme tasarımını ve sorgu başına kaynak muhasebesini vurgulamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Büyük dil modelleri
• LLM sağlayıcıları
• karşılaştırmalı analiz
• çıkarım ekonomisi
• model yönlendirme
• sürdürülebilirlik
• güvenilirlik

Teşekkür

Literatür taraması, kaynak kontrolü, dilbilgisi düzeltmesi ve şekil revizyonu için üretken yapay zeka araçları kullanılmıştır. Yapay zeka destekli tüm çıktılar yazarlar tarafından incelenmiş, doğrulanmış ve düzenlenmiştir ve makalenin içeriğinden tamamen yazarlar sorumludur.

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