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THIRD ARAMAIC MIGRATION OF ETHNIC AND POLITICAL EFFECTS BY SOUTHEASTERN ANATOLIA

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 2013 Sayı: 13, 31 - 55, 22.03.2016

Öz

In 2000 BC, southeastern of Anatolia was composed of native Hurrians, Indo-Aryan origin Mitanni that migrated out of northwestern Iran, and Indo-Aryan origin Hittites. In the 12th century BC, the Aegean Migration that destroyed minor Asia changed political situation of the region mostly. Authority gap created by the Aegean Migrations caused the Aramaic Migrations, which lasted for centuries, and caused major ethnic changes in the southeastern of Anatolia. After the Aramaic Migrations, small groups that were organized in tribal style came to this region. This study aims to reveal ethnic and political changes after the Aramaic Migration by explaining the ethnic composition of the region from written history.

Kaynakça

  • Akurgal, E. (1998). Anadolu Kültür Tarihi. Tübitak Yayınları
  • Albright, W. F. (1966). Amarna Letters from Palestine, Syria, the Philistines and Phoenicia. Cambridge University Press.
  • Alp, S. (2001). Hitit Çağında Anadolu. Tübitak Yayınları.
  • Baines, J. ve Frood, E. (2007). Biographical Texts from Ramessid Egypt. Society of Biblical.
  • Balkan, K. (1957). Mama Kralı Anum-Hirbi'nin Kaniş Kralı Warşama'ya Gönderdiği Mektup. Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi.
  • Barjamovic, G. (2011). A Historical Geography of Anatolia in the Old Assyrian Colony Period. Museum Tusculanum Press
  • Barmash, P. (2005). “At the Nexus of History and Memory: The Ten Lost Tribes”, AJS Review, 29, 207-236.
  • Bertman, S. (2005). Handbook to Life in Ancient Mesopotamia, Oxford Press.
  • Beyer, K. (1986). The Aramaic Language, Its Distribution and Subdivisions. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
  • Blakely, J.A. ve Hardin, J.W. (2002). “Southwestern Judah in the Late Eight Century BCE”, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 326, 11-64.
  • Bourke, S. (2008). The Middle East: the cradle of civilization revealed. Thames & Hudson Press.
  • Bryce, T. (1999). The Kingdom of the Hittites. Oxford University Press.
  • Bryce, T. (2012). The World of The Neo-Hittite Kingdoms: A Political and Military History. Oxford University Press.
  • Burney, C. A. (2004). Historical Dictionary of the Hittites. Scarecrow Press.
  • Carr, D. M. (2005). Writing on the Tablet of the Heart: Origins of Scripture and Literature. Oxford University Press.
  • Chahin, M. (2001). The Kingdom of Armenia: A History. Curzon Press.
  • Chavalas, M. W. (2006). Ancient Near East: Historical Sources in Translation. John Wiley & Sons Press.
  • Collins, B. J. (2008). The Hittites and Their World. Brill Press.
  • Commins, D. D. (2004). Historical Dictionary of Syria. Scarecrow Press.
  • Conder, C. R. (2004). The Hittites And Their Language. Kessinger Publishing.
  • Çelik, M. (1996). Ortadoğu Mozaiği. Fırat Üniversitesi, Ortadoğu Araştırmaları Merkezi Yayınları.
  • Çilingiroğlu, A. (1983). “Urartu’da Toplu Nüfus Aktarımları”, Anadolu Araştırmaları, 9, 311–317.
  • Diakonoff, I. M. (1991). Early Antiquity. University of Chicago Press.
  • Dinçol, A. (1982). “Hititler” Anadolu Uygarlıkları Görsel Anadolu Tarihi Ansiklopedisi, Cilt 1, 18-120.
  • Drews, R. (1993). The End of the Bronze Age. Changes in Warfare and the Catastrophe CA. 1200 B.C. Princeton University Press.
  • Drory, R. ve Izre'el, S.(1995). Language and Culture in the Near East. Brill Press.
  • Erskine, A. (2009). A Companion to Ancient History. John Wiley & Sons Press.
  • Esin, U. (2003). Köyden Kente: Yakındoğu'da İlk Yerleşimler. Arkeoloji ve Sanat Yayınları.
  • Fritz, V. ve Davies, P. R. (1996). The Origins of the Ancient Israelite States. Continuum International Publishing Group.
  • Gabriel, R. A. (2002). The Great Armies of Antiquity. Greenwood Publishing.
  • Gabriel, R. A. (2007). The Ancient World. Greenwood Publishing.
  • Golden, J. M. (2004). Ancient Canaan and Israel: New Perspectives. Abc- Clio Publishing.
  • Gornitz, V. (1995). Encyclopedia of Paleoclimatology and Ancient Environments. Springer Press.
  • Grayson, A. K. (1972). Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotomia: Assyrian Periods. University of Toronto Press.
  • Grayson, A. K. (1976). Assyrian royal inscriptions: From Tiglath-pileser I to Ashur-nasir-apli II. Harrassowitz Publishers.
  • Grayson, A. K. (2002). Assyrian Rulers of the Early First Millenium B.C. II (858 – 745 BC). University of Toronto Press.
  • Greenspahn, F. E. (2003). An Introduction to Aramaic. Brill Press.
  • Gurney, O. R. (1990). The Hittites. Penguin Books
  • Günaltay, M. Ş. (1987). Türk Tarihinin İlk Devirlerinden Yakın Şark Elâm ve Mezopotamya. T.T.K Basımevi.
  • Güterbock, H. G. (1956). The Deeds of Suppiluliuma as Told by His Son, Mursili II)" Journal of Cuneiform Studies, 10: 75-98.
  • Güterbock, H. G. (1938). "Die Historische Tradition und ihre literarische Gestaltung bei Babyloniern und Hethitern bis 1200", Z.A. 44, 45–149.
  • Haldar, A. (1971). Who Were the Amorites. Brill Press.
  • Hamblin, W. J. (2006). Warfare in Ancient Near East. Taylor & Francis Publishing.
  • Harmanşah, Ö. (2013). Cities and the Shaping of Memory in the Ancient Near East. Cambridge University Press.
  • Healy, M. (1993). Qadesh 1300 BC: Clash of the warrior kings. Osprey Publishing.
  • Hendel, R. (2001). “The Exodus in Biblical Memory”,Journal of Biblical Literature, 120,4, 601-622.
  • Hitti, P.K. (2004). History Of Syria: Including Lebanon And Paletsine. First Gorgias Press.
  • Hunger, H. ve Pruzsinszky, R. (2004). Mesopotamian dark age revisited. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie
  • Kammenhuber, A. (1958). "Die hethitische Geschichtsschreibung", Saeculum, 9, 136-155.
  • Karauğuz, G. (2002). Hitit Devletinin Siyasi Antlaşma Metinleri. Çizgi Kitabevi.
  • Kaser, K. (2011). The Balkans And The Near East: Introduction To A Shared History. LIT Verlag Münster.
  • Kempinski, A. (1983). Syrien und Palästina (Kanaan) in der letzten Phase der Mittelbronze, IIB-Zeit.
  • Kınal, F. (1962). Eski Anadolu Tarihi. Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi.
  • Konakçı, E. (2006). “Urartu Krallığı’nda Toplu Nüfus Aktarımları ve Bu Uygulamanın Urartu Kültürüne Etkileri”, Basılmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi (Danışman: Prof.Dr. Altan Çilingiroğlu), Ege Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Arkeoloji Anabilim Dalı.
  • Köroğlu, K. (2006). Eski Mezopotamya Tarihi Başlangıcından Perslere Kadar. İletişim Yayınları.
  • Kraeling, G. H. (1918). Aram and Israel: or, The Aramaeans in Syria and Mesopotamia. Columbia University Press.
  • Kramer, S. N. (1963). The Sumerians: Their History, Culture, and Character. University of Chicago Press.
  • Kuhrt, A. (1995). The Ancient Near East, C. 3000-330 BC. Routledge Publishing.
  • Kurt, M. (2009). “Kilikya’da Yeni Asur Egemenliği ve Yerel Güçler”. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 21, 328–337.
  • Lacheman, E. R. (1981). Studies on the Civilization and Culture of Nuzi and the Hurrians. Eisenbrauns Publishing.
  • Lake, P. S. (2011). Drought and Aquatic Ecosystems: Effects and Responses. John Wiley & Sons Press.
  • Landau, A. Y. (2010). The Philistines and Aegean Migration at the End of the Late Bronze Age. Cambridge University Press.
  • Landsberger, V. B. (1948). Sam’al, Studien zur Entdeckung der Ruinenstaette Karatepe, Türk Tarih Kurumu Yayınları.
  • Lehmann, J. (1977). The Hittites: people of a thousand gods. Viking Press.
  • Lipinski, E. (2000). The Aramaeans: Their Ancient History, Culture, Religion. Peeters Publishers.
  • Manning, P. (2005). Migration in World History. Routledge Publishing.
  • Margalith, O. (1998). The Sea Peoples in the Bible. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag Press.
  • Mazoyer, M. ve Roudart, L. (2006). A History of World Agriculture: From the Neolithic Age to the Current Crisis. Earthscan Press.
  • McIntosh, J. (2005). Ancient Mesopotamia: New Perspectives. Abc- Clio Publishing.
  • Memiş, E. (2002). Eskiçağ Türkiye Tarihi. Çizgi Kitapevi.
  • Mieroop, M. V. (1999). Cuneiform Texts and the Writing of History. Routledge Publishing.
  • Millar, F. (1993). The Roman Near East 31 BC-AD 337. Cambridge Press.
  • Musil, A. (1927). The Middle Euphrates: a topographical itinerary. American Geographical Society.
  • Olive, J. E. (2004). Encyclopedia of World Climatology. Springer Press.
  • Orlin, L. L. (1970). Assyrian Colonies in Cappadocia. Walter De Gruyter Inc, Orlin, L. L. (2007). Life and Thought in the Ancient Near East. University of Michigan Press.
  • Peczynski, S. (2009). The Sea People and Their Migration. (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi) Rutgers University.
  • Peter, N. P. (2009). Ancient Human Migrations: a Multidisciplinary Approach. University of Utah Press.
  • Postgate, J.N.(1992). “The Land of Assur and the Yoke of Assur”. World Archaeology 23, 247–263.
  • Pritchard, J. B. (1950). Ancient Near Eastern texts relating to the Old Testament. Princeton University Press.
  • Roaf, M. (1996). Atlaslı Büyük Uygarlıklar Ansiklopedisi Mezopotamya ve Eski Yakındoğu. Çev: Zülal Kılıç. İletişim Yayınları.
  • Robbins, M. (2001). Collapse of the Bronze Age: The Story of Greece, Troy, Israel, Egypt, and the Peoples of the Sea. iUniverse Publishing.
  • Rosen, A. M. (2007). Civilizing Climate: Social Responses to Climate Change in the Ancient Near East. Rowman Altamira Press.
  • Sader, H. “The Aramaean Kingdoms of Syria Origin and Formation Processes ”, Essays on Syria in the Iron Age, Ancient Near Eastern Studies, 7, 61–76. Sagona, A. (2006). The Heritage of Eastern Turkey: From Earliest Settlements to Islam. Macmillan Education Publications.
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  • HARİTA ve RESİM LİSTESİ Harita 1 Roaf 1996.
  • Harita 2 Tarafımdan çizilmiştir. Harita 3 Tarafımdan çizilmiştir. Harita 4 http://www.istanbul.edu.tr/edebiyat/eskicag/files/mezopotamya%20harita2.jpg Resim 1 http://wysinger.homestead.com/seapeople.html Harita – 1 Huri - Mitanni Krallığı

ÜÇÜNCÜ ARAMİ GÖÇÜ’NÜN ANADOLU’NUN GÜNEYDOĞUSUNA YAPTIĞI ETNİK VE SİYASİ ETKİLER

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 2013 Sayı: 13, 31 - 55, 22.03.2016

Öz

M.Ö. II. binyılda Anadolu’nun güneydoğusu bölgenin yerli halkı Hurriler, kuzeybatı İran üzerinden göç ederek gelen Hint–Ari kökenli Mitanniler ve yine Hint – Ari kökenli Hititlerden oluşmaktaydı. M.Ö. 12. yüzyılda tüm ön Asya’yı yakıp yıkan Ege Göçleri bölgenin büyük bölümünün siyasi durumu değiştirmiştir. Ege Göçleri’nin oluşturduğu otorite boşluğu Arami Göçleri’ne neden olmuş ve yüzyıllar süren bu göç hareketi Anadolu’nun güneydoğusunda büyük etnik değişimlere neden olmuştur. Arami Göçleri sonrasında ise bölgeye aşiret tarzında örgütlenmiş küçük gruplar gelmiştir. Bu çalışma yazılı tarihten itibaren bölgenin etnik yapısını açıklayarak Arami Göçleri’nden sonra meydana gelen etnik ve siyasi değişimleri ortaya koymayı amaçlamıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Akurgal, E. (1998). Anadolu Kültür Tarihi. Tübitak Yayınları
  • Albright, W. F. (1966). Amarna Letters from Palestine, Syria, the Philistines and Phoenicia. Cambridge University Press.
  • Alp, S. (2001). Hitit Çağında Anadolu. Tübitak Yayınları.
  • Baines, J. ve Frood, E. (2007). Biographical Texts from Ramessid Egypt. Society of Biblical.
  • Balkan, K. (1957). Mama Kralı Anum-Hirbi'nin Kaniş Kralı Warşama'ya Gönderdiği Mektup. Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi.
  • Barjamovic, G. (2011). A Historical Geography of Anatolia in the Old Assyrian Colony Period. Museum Tusculanum Press
  • Barmash, P. (2005). “At the Nexus of History and Memory: The Ten Lost Tribes”, AJS Review, 29, 207-236.
  • Bertman, S. (2005). Handbook to Life in Ancient Mesopotamia, Oxford Press.
  • Beyer, K. (1986). The Aramaic Language, Its Distribution and Subdivisions. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
  • Blakely, J.A. ve Hardin, J.W. (2002). “Southwestern Judah in the Late Eight Century BCE”, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 326, 11-64.
  • Bourke, S. (2008). The Middle East: the cradle of civilization revealed. Thames & Hudson Press.
  • Bryce, T. (1999). The Kingdom of the Hittites. Oxford University Press.
  • Bryce, T. (2012). The World of The Neo-Hittite Kingdoms: A Political and Military History. Oxford University Press.
  • Burney, C. A. (2004). Historical Dictionary of the Hittites. Scarecrow Press.
  • Carr, D. M. (2005). Writing on the Tablet of the Heart: Origins of Scripture and Literature. Oxford University Press.
  • Chahin, M. (2001). The Kingdom of Armenia: A History. Curzon Press.
  • Chavalas, M. W. (2006). Ancient Near East: Historical Sources in Translation. John Wiley & Sons Press.
  • Collins, B. J. (2008). The Hittites and Their World. Brill Press.
  • Commins, D. D. (2004). Historical Dictionary of Syria. Scarecrow Press.
  • Conder, C. R. (2004). The Hittites And Their Language. Kessinger Publishing.
  • Çelik, M. (1996). Ortadoğu Mozaiği. Fırat Üniversitesi, Ortadoğu Araştırmaları Merkezi Yayınları.
  • Çilingiroğlu, A. (1983). “Urartu’da Toplu Nüfus Aktarımları”, Anadolu Araştırmaları, 9, 311–317.
  • Diakonoff, I. M. (1991). Early Antiquity. University of Chicago Press.
  • Dinçol, A. (1982). “Hititler” Anadolu Uygarlıkları Görsel Anadolu Tarihi Ansiklopedisi, Cilt 1, 18-120.
  • Drews, R. (1993). The End of the Bronze Age. Changes in Warfare and the Catastrophe CA. 1200 B.C. Princeton University Press.
  • Drory, R. ve Izre'el, S.(1995). Language and Culture in the Near East. Brill Press.
  • Erskine, A. (2009). A Companion to Ancient History. John Wiley & Sons Press.
  • Esin, U. (2003). Köyden Kente: Yakındoğu'da İlk Yerleşimler. Arkeoloji ve Sanat Yayınları.
  • Fritz, V. ve Davies, P. R. (1996). The Origins of the Ancient Israelite States. Continuum International Publishing Group.
  • Gabriel, R. A. (2002). The Great Armies of Antiquity. Greenwood Publishing.
  • Gabriel, R. A. (2007). The Ancient World. Greenwood Publishing.
  • Golden, J. M. (2004). Ancient Canaan and Israel: New Perspectives. Abc- Clio Publishing.
  • Gornitz, V. (1995). Encyclopedia of Paleoclimatology and Ancient Environments. Springer Press.
  • Grayson, A. K. (1972). Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotomia: Assyrian Periods. University of Toronto Press.
  • Grayson, A. K. (1976). Assyrian royal inscriptions: From Tiglath-pileser I to Ashur-nasir-apli II. Harrassowitz Publishers.
  • Grayson, A. K. (2002). Assyrian Rulers of the Early First Millenium B.C. II (858 – 745 BC). University of Toronto Press.
  • Greenspahn, F. E. (2003). An Introduction to Aramaic. Brill Press.
  • Gurney, O. R. (1990). The Hittites. Penguin Books
  • Günaltay, M. Ş. (1987). Türk Tarihinin İlk Devirlerinden Yakın Şark Elâm ve Mezopotamya. T.T.K Basımevi.
  • Güterbock, H. G. (1956). The Deeds of Suppiluliuma as Told by His Son, Mursili II)" Journal of Cuneiform Studies, 10: 75-98.
  • Güterbock, H. G. (1938). "Die Historische Tradition und ihre literarische Gestaltung bei Babyloniern und Hethitern bis 1200", Z.A. 44, 45–149.
  • Haldar, A. (1971). Who Were the Amorites. Brill Press.
  • Hamblin, W. J. (2006). Warfare in Ancient Near East. Taylor & Francis Publishing.
  • Harmanşah, Ö. (2013). Cities and the Shaping of Memory in the Ancient Near East. Cambridge University Press.
  • Healy, M. (1993). Qadesh 1300 BC: Clash of the warrior kings. Osprey Publishing.
  • Hendel, R. (2001). “The Exodus in Biblical Memory”,Journal of Biblical Literature, 120,4, 601-622.
  • Hitti, P.K. (2004). History Of Syria: Including Lebanon And Paletsine. First Gorgias Press.
  • Hunger, H. ve Pruzsinszky, R. (2004). Mesopotamian dark age revisited. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie
  • Kammenhuber, A. (1958). "Die hethitische Geschichtsschreibung", Saeculum, 9, 136-155.
  • Karauğuz, G. (2002). Hitit Devletinin Siyasi Antlaşma Metinleri. Çizgi Kitabevi.
  • Kaser, K. (2011). The Balkans And The Near East: Introduction To A Shared History. LIT Verlag Münster.
  • Kempinski, A. (1983). Syrien und Palästina (Kanaan) in der letzten Phase der Mittelbronze, IIB-Zeit.
  • Kınal, F. (1962). Eski Anadolu Tarihi. Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi.
  • Konakçı, E. (2006). “Urartu Krallığı’nda Toplu Nüfus Aktarımları ve Bu Uygulamanın Urartu Kültürüne Etkileri”, Basılmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi (Danışman: Prof.Dr. Altan Çilingiroğlu), Ege Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Arkeoloji Anabilim Dalı.
  • Köroğlu, K. (2006). Eski Mezopotamya Tarihi Başlangıcından Perslere Kadar. İletişim Yayınları.
  • Kraeling, G. H. (1918). Aram and Israel: or, The Aramaeans in Syria and Mesopotamia. Columbia University Press.
  • Kramer, S. N. (1963). The Sumerians: Their History, Culture, and Character. University of Chicago Press.
  • Kuhrt, A. (1995). The Ancient Near East, C. 3000-330 BC. Routledge Publishing.
  • Kurt, M. (2009). “Kilikya’da Yeni Asur Egemenliği ve Yerel Güçler”. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 21, 328–337.
  • Lacheman, E. R. (1981). Studies on the Civilization and Culture of Nuzi and the Hurrians. Eisenbrauns Publishing.
  • Lake, P. S. (2011). Drought and Aquatic Ecosystems: Effects and Responses. John Wiley & Sons Press.
  • Landau, A. Y. (2010). The Philistines and Aegean Migration at the End of the Late Bronze Age. Cambridge University Press.
  • Landsberger, V. B. (1948). Sam’al, Studien zur Entdeckung der Ruinenstaette Karatepe, Türk Tarih Kurumu Yayınları.
  • Lehmann, J. (1977). The Hittites: people of a thousand gods. Viking Press.
  • Lipinski, E. (2000). The Aramaeans: Their Ancient History, Culture, Religion. Peeters Publishers.
  • Manning, P. (2005). Migration in World History. Routledge Publishing.
  • Margalith, O. (1998). The Sea Peoples in the Bible. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag Press.
  • Mazoyer, M. ve Roudart, L. (2006). A History of World Agriculture: From the Neolithic Age to the Current Crisis. Earthscan Press.
  • McIntosh, J. (2005). Ancient Mesopotamia: New Perspectives. Abc- Clio Publishing.
  • Memiş, E. (2002). Eskiçağ Türkiye Tarihi. Çizgi Kitapevi.
  • Mieroop, M. V. (1999). Cuneiform Texts and the Writing of History. Routledge Publishing.
  • Millar, F. (1993). The Roman Near East 31 BC-AD 337. Cambridge Press.
  • Musil, A. (1927). The Middle Euphrates: a topographical itinerary. American Geographical Society.
  • Olive, J. E. (2004). Encyclopedia of World Climatology. Springer Press.
  • Orlin, L. L. (1970). Assyrian Colonies in Cappadocia. Walter De Gruyter Inc, Orlin, L. L. (2007). Life and Thought in the Ancient Near East. University of Michigan Press.
  • Peczynski, S. (2009). The Sea People and Their Migration. (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi) Rutgers University.
  • Peter, N. P. (2009). Ancient Human Migrations: a Multidisciplinary Approach. University of Utah Press.
  • Postgate, J.N.(1992). “The Land of Assur and the Yoke of Assur”. World Archaeology 23, 247–263.
  • Pritchard, J. B. (1950). Ancient Near Eastern texts relating to the Old Testament. Princeton University Press.
  • Roaf, M. (1996). Atlaslı Büyük Uygarlıklar Ansiklopedisi Mezopotamya ve Eski Yakındoğu. Çev: Zülal Kılıç. İletişim Yayınları.
  • Robbins, M. (2001). Collapse of the Bronze Age: The Story of Greece, Troy, Israel, Egypt, and the Peoples of the Sea. iUniverse Publishing.
  • Rosen, A. M. (2007). Civilizing Climate: Social Responses to Climate Change in the Ancient Near East. Rowman Altamira Press.
  • Sader, H. “The Aramaean Kingdoms of Syria Origin and Formation Processes ”, Essays on Syria in the Iron Age, Ancient Near Eastern Studies, 7, 61–76. Sagona, A. (2006). The Heritage of Eastern Turkey: From Earliest Settlements to Islam. Macmillan Education Publications.
  • Sallares, R. (1991). The Ecology of the Ancient Greek World. Cornell University Press.
  • Sandars N. K. (1985). The Sea Peoples: Warriors of the Ancient Mediterranean 1250-1150 B.C. Thames & Hudson Press.
  • Schwartz, G. M. (1989). “The Origins of the Aramaeans in Syria and Northern Mesopotamia: Research Problems and Potential Strategies ”. To the Euphrates and Beyond. Ed. O.M.C. Haex, H.H.Curves. 275-2
  • Schwartz, G. M. (1995). “Pastoral Nomadism in Ancient Western Asia”. Civilizations of The Ancient Near East 1, 249 – 258.
  • Shendge, M. J. (1997). The Language of the Harappans: From Akkadian to Sanskrit. Abhinav Publications.
  • Sicker, M. (2000). The Pre-Islamic Middle East. Greenwood Publishing.
  • Simmons, A. H. (2007). The Neolithic Revolution in the Near East: Transforming the Human Landscape. University of Arizona Press.
  • Singer, I. (1991). "A Concise History of Amurru" Alinguistic Study, 2, 134-195.
  • Srinivasan, L. (2011). Desi Words Speak of the Past. Author House Press.
  • Thompson, T. L. (2000). Early History of the Israelite People: From the Written & Archaeological Sources. Brill Press.
  • Ünal, A. (1998). Hittite and Hurrian cuneiform tablets from Ortaköy (Çorum), central Turkey: with two excursuses on the "Man of the Storm God" and a full edition of KBo 23.27. Simurg Press.
  • Ünal, A. (2006). “Hitit İmparatorluğu’nun Yıkılışından Bizans Döneminin Sonuna Kadar Adana ve Çukurova Tarihi”. Ç.Ü. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi. 15, 67–102
  • Ünal, A. ve Girginer, K. S. (2007). Kilikya-Çukurova: İlk Çağlardan Osmanlılar Dönemi'ne Kadar Kilikya'da Tarihi Coğrafya, Tarih ve Arkeoloji. Homer Kitabevi.
  • Wachsmann, S. (1998). Seagoing Ships and Seamanship in the Bronze Age Levant. Texas A&M University Press.
  • Wallenfels, R. (2000). The Ancient Near East. Scribner Publishing.
  • Wilhelm, G. ve Stein, D. L. (1989). The Hurrians. Aris & Phillips Press.
  • Woodard, R. D. (2008). The Ancient Languages of Asia Minor. Cambridge University Press.
  • Woolley, S. L. (1955). Alalakh: an account of the excavations at Tell Atchana in the Hatay, 1937-1949. Society of Antiquaries Press.
  • Yakar, J. (2000). Ethnoarchaeology of Anatolia: rural socio-economy in the Bronze and Iron Ages. Emery and Claire Yass Publications.
  • Yamada, S. (2000). The Construction of the Assyrian Empire: A Historical Study of the Inscriptions of Shalmanesar III Relating to His Campaigns in the West. Brill Press.
  • Yiğit, T. (2000). “Akkadlar Devrinde Anadolu’nun Siyasal Yapısı” Ankara Üniversitesi, Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi, 40, 13-28
  • Yoffee, N. ve Cowgill, G. L. (2003). The Collapse of Ancient States and Civilizations. University of Arizona Press.
  • Yosef, O. B. ve Appel, J. P. (2008). The Neolithic Demographic Transition and its Consequences. Springer Press.
  • Zadok, R. “ Elements of Aramaean pre-history ”. Studies in Assyrian History and Ancient Near Eastern Historiography Presented to Hayim Tadmor, ed. M. Cogan & I. Eph’al, Scr Hieros 33, 104–117. Zohar, M. ve Issar, A.S. (2010). Climate Change: Environment and History of the Near East. Springer Press.
  • HARİTA ve RESİM LİSTESİ Harita 1 Roaf 1996.
  • Harita 2 Tarafımdan çizilmiştir. Harita 3 Tarafımdan çizilmiştir. Harita 4 http://www.istanbul.edu.tr/edebiyat/eskicag/files/mezopotamya%20harita2.jpg Resim 1 http://wysinger.homestead.com/seapeople.html Harita – 1 Huri - Mitanni Krallığı
Toplam 109 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Ercüment Yıldırım Bu kişi benim

Okay Pekşen Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 22 Mart 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2013 Cilt: 2013 Sayı: 13

Kaynak Göster

APA Yıldırım, E., & Pekşen, O. (2016). ÜÇÜNCÜ ARAMİ GÖÇÜ’NÜN ANADOLU’NUN GÜNEYDOĞUSUNA YAPTIĞI ETNİK VE SİYASİ ETKİLER. International Journal Of Eurasia Social Sciences, 2013(13), 31-55.
AMA Yıldırım E, Pekşen O. ÜÇÜNCÜ ARAMİ GÖÇÜ’NÜN ANADOLU’NUN GÜNEYDOĞUSUNA YAPTIĞI ETNİK VE SİYASİ ETKİLER. International Journal Of Eurasia Social Sciences. Mart 2016;2013(13):31-55.
Chicago Yıldırım, Ercüment, ve Okay Pekşen. “ÜÇÜNCÜ ARAMİ GÖÇÜ’NÜN ANADOLU’NUN GÜNEYDOĞUSUNA YAPTIĞI ETNİK VE SİYASİ ETKİLER”. International Journal Of Eurasia Social Sciences 2013, sy. 13 (Mart 2016): 31-55.
EndNote Yıldırım E, Pekşen O (01 Mart 2016) ÜÇÜNCÜ ARAMİ GÖÇÜ’NÜN ANADOLU’NUN GÜNEYDOĞUSUNA YAPTIĞI ETNİK VE SİYASİ ETKİLER. International Journal Of Eurasia Social Sciences 2013 13 31–55.
IEEE E. Yıldırım ve O. Pekşen, “ÜÇÜNCÜ ARAMİ GÖÇÜ’NÜN ANADOLU’NUN GÜNEYDOĞUSUNA YAPTIĞI ETNİK VE SİYASİ ETKİLER”, International Journal Of Eurasia Social Sciences, c. 2013, sy. 13, ss. 31–55, 2016.
ISNAD Yıldırım, Ercüment - Pekşen, Okay. “ÜÇÜNCÜ ARAMİ GÖÇÜ’NÜN ANADOLU’NUN GÜNEYDOĞUSUNA YAPTIĞI ETNİK VE SİYASİ ETKİLER”. International Journal Of Eurasia Social Sciences 2013/13 (Mart 2016), 31-55.
JAMA Yıldırım E, Pekşen O. ÜÇÜNCÜ ARAMİ GÖÇÜ’NÜN ANADOLU’NUN GÜNEYDOĞUSUNA YAPTIĞI ETNİK VE SİYASİ ETKİLER. International Journal Of Eurasia Social Sciences. 2016;2013:31–55.
MLA Yıldırım, Ercüment ve Okay Pekşen. “ÜÇÜNCÜ ARAMİ GÖÇÜ’NÜN ANADOLU’NUN GÜNEYDOĞUSUNA YAPTIĞI ETNİK VE SİYASİ ETKİLER”. International Journal Of Eurasia Social Sciences, c. 2013, sy. 13, 2016, ss. 31-55.
Vancouver Yıldırım E, Pekşen O. ÜÇÜNCÜ ARAMİ GÖÇÜ’NÜN ANADOLU’NUN GÜNEYDOĞUSUNA YAPTIĞI ETNİK VE SİYASİ ETKİLER. International Journal Of Eurasia Social Sciences. 2016;2013(13):31-55.