Muzîk, Çanda Devkî û Ji Nû Ve Hilberandina Bîra Kolektîf di Nav Kurdên Kafkasyaya Başûr de

Öz

Ev lêkolîn rola muzîkê di parastin û ji nû ve hilberandina bîra kolektîf û nasnameya çandî de, di nav çanda devkî ya civakên Kurd ên dijîn li Kafkasyaya Başûr de vedikole. Her çend lêkolînên li ser çanda devkî ya Kurdan bi piranî tenê li ser ziman, folklor, dîrok an jî muzîkê hatine kirin, bandora tomar û weşanên Radyoya Erîvanê ya serdema Sovyetê li ser kevneşopiya muzîka devkî û avakirina bîra kolektîf di çarçoveya Kafkasyaya Başûr de bi awayekî sîstematîk û navdisîplînî heta niha bi têra xwe nehatiye lêkolînkirin. Ev lêkolîn armanc dike ku vê valahiyê bi nêrînekî yekgirtî li ser muzîk, çanda devkî û lêkolînên bîrê dagire. Di vê lêkolînê de rêbaza lêkolîna kalîteyî hatiye bikaranîn. Di pêvajoya berhevkirina daneyan de tomarên arşîvê yên Radyoya Erîvanê ya serdema Sovyetê hatine vekolîn; vegotinên dengbêjan, belgeyên dîrokî û literatûra têkildar a etnomuzîkolojiyê û Kurdnasiyê di çarçoveya analîza belgeyan de hatine nirxandin. Daneyên ku hatine berhevkirin, li gorî teoriya çanda devkî, nêrîna bîra kolektîf û perspektîfa etnomuzîkolojiyê bi rêbaza analîza şirovekar hatine çareserkirin. Encamên lêkolînê nîşan didin ku muzîk di çanda devkî ya Kurdên Kafkasyaya Başûr de ne tenê awayekî îfadeya estetîk e; lê di veguhastina ezmûnên dîrokî, parastina bîra kolektîf û ji nû ve hilberandina nasnameya çandî di nav nifşan de rolek bingehîn dilîze. Her weha encamên lêkolînê diyar dikin ku weşanên Radyoya Erîvanê ya serdema Sovyetê di tomarkirina repertûara devkî ya Kurdî, belavbûna wê û piştgirîkirina domdariya çandî ya di diasporayê de rolek navendî lîstine. Wekî din, avahiya makamî, rêxistina rîtmîk, teknîkên bidestxistina awarte (improvisation) û cihêrengiya amûrên muzîkê, ji aliyekî ve domdariya mîrasa muzîkî ya Kurdan nîşan didin, ji aliyê din ve jî behsa avahiyek muzîkî ya piralî dikin ku di bin bandora kevneşopiyên muzîkî yên Azerbaycanî, Ermenî û Gurcî û her weha siyasetên çandî yên Sovyetê de pêk hatiye. Di encamê de ev lêkolîn diyar dike ku muzîka Kurdên Kafkasyaya Başûr ne tenê mîrasek folklorîk e, lê pergalek çandî ya zindî ye ku di nav wê de bîra dîrokî, nasnameya çandî û bîra civakî bi rêya performansê têne parastin û ji nû ve têne hilberandin. Ev lêkolîn, bi nirxandina yekgirtî ya arşîvên Radyoya Erîvanê di çarçoveya çanda devkî, bîra kolektîf û etnomuzîkolojiyê de, ji bo kevneşopiya muzîka Kurdên Kafkasyaya Başûr çarçoveyek analîtîk a berfireh pêşkêş dike. Her weha, wekî lêkolînek maseyî ya berfireh ku daneyên dîrokî û muzîkî yên belavbûyî bi awayekî sîstematîk li hev tîne, ji bo lêkolînên qada ku dê di pêşerojê de bêne kirin bingehek teorîk û metodolojîk ava dike û di warên Kurdnasî, etnomuzîkolojî, çanda devkî û lêkolînên bîrê de beşdariyekî resen û navdisîplînî pêşkêş dike.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kurden Kafkasyaya Başur,
• muzika Kurdi,
• Radyoya Erivane,
• dengbej,
• çanda devki,
• bira kolektif,

Destekleyen Kurum

Bu çalışma için herhangi bir kamu kurumu, özel kuruluş veya kâr amacı gütmeyen bir organizasyondan mali destek alınmamıştır.

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma, yalnızca arşiv kayıtları, yazılı belgeler ve yayımlanmış kaynakların doküman incelemesine dayalı olarak yürütülmüştür. Araştırma kapsamında insan katılımcılardan veri toplanmamış, görüşme, anket veya gözlem gibi etik kurul onayı gerektiren herhangi bir yöntem kullanılmamıştır. Bu nedenle çalışma için etik kurul izni alınması gerekmemektedir. Araştırmanın tüm aşamalarında bilimsel araştırma ve yayın etiği ilkelerine uyulmuş; yararlanılan tüm kaynaklara akademik kurallar çerçevesinde atıf yapılmıştır. Bu metin, Türkiye'deki birçok akademik dergi ile birlikte Kurdish Studies gibi uluslararası dergilerin etik beyan beklentilerine de uygundur.

Teşekkür

Bu araştırmada yararlanılan Erivan Kafkas arşiv materyallerini benimle paylaşarak çalışmaya değerli katkılar sunan, Anadolu Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Rus Dili ve Edebiyatı Bölümü emekli öğretim elemanı Sayın Tekin Koçkar'a içten teşekkür ederim.

Music, Oral Culture, and the Reproduction of Collective Memory among the Kurds of the South Caucasus

Öz

This study examines the function of music in the oral culture of Kurdish communities living in the South Caucasus in preserving collective memory and reproducing cultural identity. While research on Kurdish oral culture has generally been limited to one of the fields of language, folklore, history, or music, the impact of Soviet-era Yerevan Radio recordings on the oral musical tradition and the formation of collective memory has not been sufficiently addressed in the context of the South Caucasus. This research aims to evaluate this gap within the framework of music, oral culture, and memory studies. A qualitative research method was adopted in the study. During the data collection process, Soviet-era Yerevan Radio archival recordings were examined; dengbêj narratives, historical documents, and the literature on ethnomusicology and Kurdish studies were evaluated through document analysis. The data obtained were analyzed through an interpretive analysis method based on oral culture theory, the collective memory approach, and an ethnomusicological perspective. The findings indicate that music in the oral culture of South Caucasus Kurds plays a fundamental role in transmitting historical experiences, preserving collective memory, and reproducing cultural identity across generations. The findings also reveal that Soviet-era Yerevan Radio broadcasts played an important role in recording, circulating, and supporting the cultural continuity of the Kurdish oral repertoire. Modal structures, rhythmic organization, improvisational techniques, and instrumental diversity point to a multilayered musical structure shaped by Azerbaijani, Armenian, and Georgian musical traditions, as well as Soviet cultural policies. Consequently, the study demonstrates that South Caucasian Kurdish music is a dynamic cultural system through which historical memory, cultural identity, and social memory are reproduced through performance.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• South Caucasus
• Kurdish Music
• Yerevan Radio
• Oral Culture
• Collective Memory

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