The Place of Dengbéjî in Modern Singing Techniques

Abstract

The dengbêji bards who usually sing usually unaccompanied are the cornerstone of Kurdish traditional classical performance. They have sought to preserve the purity of their singing style and technique from the past to the present; and, they have maintained an existence that has been independent of modernization or foreign interchange. On the other hand, in the West especially from the start of the 20th century, classical music has changed in character reflecting cultural, political and technological developments. Opera singers, performance artists who undergo classical voice training have benefited by these technological developments, and are held in high esteem especially in regard to their voice production. Surprisingly, their modern singing techniques have a great deal in common with the age-old techniques of the Kurdish dengbêji. The present study examines both the commonalities and the differences.

Keywords

• Modern Singing Techniques
• Dengbêj Tradition
• Opera
• Traditional Kurdish Music

The Place of Dengbéjî in Modern Singing Techniques

Öz

The dengbêji bards who usually sing unaccompanied are the cornerstone of Kurdish traditional classical performance. They have sought to preserve the purity of their singing style and technique from the past to the present; and, they have maintained an existence that has been independent of modernization or foreign interchange. On the other hand, in the West especially from the start of the 20th century, classical music has changed in character reflecting cultural, political and technological developments. Opera singers, performance artists who undergo classical voice training have benefited by these technological developments, and are held in high esteem especially in regard to their voice production. Surprisingly, their modern singing techniques have a great deal in common with the age-old techniques of the Kurdish dengbêji. The present study examines both the commonalities and the differences.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Modern Singing Techniques
• Dengbêj Tradition
• Opera
• Traditional Kurdish Music

Kaynakça

1. Allen, R.,Cohen, D., Hager, N., Taylor, J. (2014). Music: Its Language, History and Culture, Conservatory of Music at Brooklyn College of the City University of New York.
2. Birol, B., (2002). Toplumsal Yapılanmayla Kültürel ve Müziksel Gelişim Arasındaki İlişki, Türkiye’de Müzik Sempozyumu, Sevda Cenap And Vakfı Yayınları, Ankara.
3. Cope, D, H. (1984). New Directions in Music, C. Brown Company Publishers, Richmond, TX, A.B.D.
4. Çifçi, T. (2015). "Di Çarçoveya Çanda Devkî de DinavCivaka Kurdan de Dengbêj û Saziya Dengbêjiyê", International Journal of Kurdish Studies, C.1, S.1; ss. 110-124.
5. Çifçi, T. (2017). Kilam û Jin, 2. baskı, Nûbihar Yayınları, İstanbul.
6. Gencel A, Ö. (2016). Flüt Öğretiminde Çokseslendirme Teknikleri, NWSA, ISSN: 1308 7290.
7. Gümgüm, A. “Kürt Folkloru ve Reso’nunStranlarında Kürt Folklor Unsurları”. Kovarabir.com. Erişim tarihi: 12.04.2020, http://www.kovarabir.com/abdurrahmangumgum-kurt-folkloru-ve-resonun-stranlarinda-kurt-folklor-unsurlari-1/
8. Kaplan, A. (2005). Kültürel Müzikoloji. İstanbul: Bağlam Yayıncılık.

9. Karacan, H. & Basar, R. (2015). ‘Di Kilamên Evdalê Zeynikê de Hezkirina Jiyanê û Daxwaza Mirinê’. International Journal of Kurdish Studies 1 (2), ss. 56 –69.
10. Kennedy, M. (2006). The Oxford Dictionary of Music, Oxford University Press, England.
11. Keskin, N. (2006). Mardin ve Çevresinde Bir Anlatı Biçimi Olarak Mıtrıplık. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara: Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
12. Murdoch, G. M. (2011). Composing With Vocal Physiology: Extended Vocal Technique Categoriesand Berio’s Sequenza III, Doktora Tezi, University of Utah.
13. Mutlu, E. (1996). ‘Kürt Müziği Üzerine’. Kürt Müziği (1. Baskı). İstanbul: Avesta Yayınları.
14. Schaub, G. (1989).Transformational Process, Harmonic Fields, and Fitch Hierarchy in Luciano Berio’s Sequenza I Through Sequenza X, Doktora Tezi, University of Southern California.
15. Schwartz, E., Godfrey, D. (1993). Music Since 1945, Macmillan Publishing Company, New York, A.B.D.
16. Tek, A. (2015). Osmanlı Edebiyatında Mem Û Zîn Mesnevisi ve Yayılımı, Yayımlanmış Doktora Tezi, Ankara: İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent Üniversitesi Ekonomi ve Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
17. Topbaş, B. (2013). Uluslararası Sanat Müziği Bestecileri Üzerine Yapılan Lisansüstü Çalışmalar, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, Sayı 31,
18. Ötken, Tamer. Angelfire kaba zurna ile ilgili makalesi. Erişim tarihi: 29.04.2020, http://www.angelfire.com/art2/otken/tanimiveyapisi.htm
19. Uşen, Ş. (2013) Postmodern Müzik Kavramı Bağlamında Luciano Berio’nun Sequenza Adlı Eseri ve Bu Eserde Kullanılan Çağdaş Flüt Teknikleri, Doktora Tezi, Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi.
20. Uzun, M. (2012). Dengbêjlerim. İstanbul: İthaki Yayınları.
21. Watkins, G. (1988). Soundings, Schirmer Books, New York, A.B.D.