Araştırma Makalesi
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EFL Learners’ Comprehension of Scalar Emotion Verbs

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 110 - 138, 08.12.2020

Öz

This study investigated EFL learners’ comprehension of scalar properties of three types of emotion verbs, namely, fear type, liking and disliking emotion verbs and compare their performance with instructors and native speakers of English. The participants were 38 non-native pre-service teachers from ELT department at a state university in Turkey, 11 ELT instructors at different universities and 10 native speakers from the USA and the UK. A scale construction task was administered, and data were collected via in person and e-mail according to participants’ judgements on scalar emotion verbs in terms of their relative order on a linear scale. The quantitative data were analysed using SPSS. The results revealed that in terms of constructing consistent scales with previously determined scales in literatutre, pre-service teachers performed poorly for fear-type and disliking emotion verbs, they were partly successful in constructing consistent scales for liking verbs. It was also found that similarly instructors performed poorly in constructing scales for fear-type and disliking verbs, but they were better than pre-service teachers. They were also successful in constructing scales for liking verbs. Native speakers were successful in fear-type and liking verbs; however, like non-native participants, they performed poorly in constructing consistent scales for disliking verbs. This means that there are cross-cultural differences among participants’ judgement of emotion verbs on a linear scale in terms of their intensity. This study provides valuable information for the studies on lexical resources (e.g., VerbNet, WordNet etc.) Previous studies (e.g. Fellbaum & Mathieu,2014; Sheinman, & Tokunaga, 2009) show a way to represent the scalar properties of emotion verbs in WordNet, and other possible extensions to additional verb families can cause a more subtle semantic analysis of emotion verbs in lexical databases with potential benefits for automatic inferencing, language pedagogy and translation. This study contributes to semantic analysis of emotion verbs in lexical databases. It also provides some implications for students, language teachers, and policy makers in terms of vocabulary learning and teaching.

Kaynakça

  • Baker, C. F., Fillmore, C. J., & Lowe, J. B. (1998). The Berkeley FrameNet project. In Proceedings of the COLING-ACL (86-90). Montreal, Canada.
  • Belletti, A., & Rizzi, L. (1988). Psych-verbs and θ- theory. Natural Language & Linguistic Theory, 6(3), 291-352.
  • Chklovski, T., & Pantel, P. (2004). Verbocean: Mining the web for fine-grained semantic verb relations. In Proceedings of the Conference on empirical methods in natural language processing (EMNLP-04), 33–40. Barcelona, Spain.
  • Davies, M. (2008). The Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA): 520 million words, 1990-present. BYE, Brigham Young University. Available online at http://corpus.byu.edu/coca/.
  • Faber, P., & Usón, R. M. (1997). The paradigmatic and syntagmatic structure of the lexical field of feeling. C. I. F., XXIII-XXIV (1997-1998), 35-60.
  • Ferguson, G., & Allen, J. F. (1998, July). TRIPS: An integrated intelligent problem-solving assistant. In Proceedings of the Fifteenth National Conference on AI (AAAI-gS), 567-573.
  • Fellbaum, C. (1990). English verbs as a semantic net. International Journal of Lexicography, 3(4), 278-301.
  • Fellbaum, C. (1998). WordNet: An electronic lexical database. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Fellbaum, C., Grabowski, J., & Land, S. (1997). Analysis of a hand-tagging task. In Tagging Text with Lexical Semantics: Why, What, and How? (34-40).
  • Fellbaum, C., Gross, D., and Miller., K. (1993). Adjectives in wordnet. In Five papers on WordNet. Princeton, USA.
  • Fellbaum, C., & Mathieu, Y. Y. (2012). Scalar properties of emotion verbs and their representation in WordNet. In GWC 2012 6th International Global Wordnet Conference (p. 105-112).
  • Fellbaum, C., & Mathieu, Y. Y. (2014). A corpus-based construction of emotion verb scales. In F. Baider, & G. Cislaru, (Eds.). Linguistic Approaches to Emotions in Context (99-112). Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
  • Fleischhauer, J. (2016). Degree gradation of verbs (Vol. 2). Düsseldorf: Düsseldorf University Press.
  • Horn, L. R. (1989). A natural history of negation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press
  • Jackson, J. C., Watts, J., Henry, T. R., List, J. M., Forkel, R., Mucha, P. J., ... & Lindquist, K. A. (2019). Emotion semantics show both cultural variation and universal structure. Science, 366(6472), 1517-1522.
  • Johnson-Laird, P. N., & Oatley, K. (1989). The language of emotions: An analysis of a semantic field. Cognition and emotion, 3(2), 81-123.
  • Kingsbury, P., & Palmer, M. (2002, May). From TreeBank to PropBank. In LREC (pp. 1989-1993). Las Palmas, Spain.
  • Kipper, K., Korhonen, A., Ryant, N., & Palmer, M. (2008). A large-scale classification of English verbs. Language Resources and Evaluation, 42(1), 21-40.
  • Kipper-Schuler, K. (2005). VerbNet: A Broad-Coverage, Comprehensive Verb Lexicon. Ph.D. thesis, University of Pennsylvania.
  • Lexico (2019). Oxford University Press (OUP). [online] Lexico.com. Available at: https://www.lexico.com/ [Accessed 25 Dec. 2019].
  • Levin, B. (1993). English verb classes and alternations: A preliminary investigation. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Levinson, S. C. (1983). Pragmatics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Lindstromberg, S. (1985). Schemata for ordering the teaching and learning of vocabulary. ELT Journal, 39(4), 235-243.
  • Longman (2019). Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English | LDOCE. [online] Ldoceonline.com. Available at: https://www.ldoceonline.com/ [Accessed 25 Dec. 2019]. Mathieu, Y. Y. (2006). A computational semantic lexicon of french verbs of emotion. In J. G. Shanahan, Y. Qu, & J. Wiebe, (Eds.). Computing attitude and affect in text: Theory and applications (109-124). Springer, Dordrecht.
  • Mathieu, Y. Y., & Fellbaum, C. (2010). Verbs of emotion in French and English. In The 5th International Conference of the Global WordNet Association.
  • Miller, G. (1995). WordNet: A Lexical Database for English. Communications of the ACM, 38(11), 39-41.
  • Ortony, A., Clore, G. L., & Collins, A. (1988). The cognitive structure of emotions. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Sheinman, V., Fellbaum, C., Julien, I., Schulam, P., & Tokunaga, T. (2013). Large, huge or gigantic? Identifying and encoding intensity relations among adjectives in WordNet. Language resources and evaluation, 47(3), 797-816.
  • Sheinman, V., & Tokunaga, T. (2009). Adjscales: Visualizing differences between adjectives for language learners. IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Information and Systems, 92(8), 1542-1550.
  • Sökmen, A. J. (1997). Current trends in teaching second language vocabulary. Readings in Methodology: A collection of articles on the teaching of English as a foreign language, (152-161).
  • Swift, M. (2005, February). Towards automatic verb acquisition from VerbNet for spoken dialog processing. In Proceedings of Interdisciplinary Workshop on the Identification and Representation of Verb Features and Verb Classes (pp. 115-120).
  • Tamm, A. (2012). Scalar verb classes: Scalarity, thematic roles, and arguments in the Estonian aspectual lexicon. Firenze: Firenze University Press. WordNet. (2010). Princeton University “About WordNet”. Princeton University.
Yıl 2020, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 110 - 138, 08.12.2020

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Baker, C. F., Fillmore, C. J., & Lowe, J. B. (1998). The Berkeley FrameNet project. In Proceedings of the COLING-ACL (86-90). Montreal, Canada.
  • Belletti, A., & Rizzi, L. (1988). Psych-verbs and θ- theory. Natural Language & Linguistic Theory, 6(3), 291-352.
  • Chklovski, T., & Pantel, P. (2004). Verbocean: Mining the web for fine-grained semantic verb relations. In Proceedings of the Conference on empirical methods in natural language processing (EMNLP-04), 33–40. Barcelona, Spain.
  • Davies, M. (2008). The Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA): 520 million words, 1990-present. BYE, Brigham Young University. Available online at http://corpus.byu.edu/coca/.
  • Faber, P., & Usón, R. M. (1997). The paradigmatic and syntagmatic structure of the lexical field of feeling. C. I. F., XXIII-XXIV (1997-1998), 35-60.
  • Ferguson, G., & Allen, J. F. (1998, July). TRIPS: An integrated intelligent problem-solving assistant. In Proceedings of the Fifteenth National Conference on AI (AAAI-gS), 567-573.
  • Fellbaum, C. (1990). English verbs as a semantic net. International Journal of Lexicography, 3(4), 278-301.
  • Fellbaum, C. (1998). WordNet: An electronic lexical database. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Fellbaum, C., Grabowski, J., & Land, S. (1997). Analysis of a hand-tagging task. In Tagging Text with Lexical Semantics: Why, What, and How? (34-40).
  • Fellbaum, C., Gross, D., and Miller., K. (1993). Adjectives in wordnet. In Five papers on WordNet. Princeton, USA.
  • Fellbaum, C., & Mathieu, Y. Y. (2012). Scalar properties of emotion verbs and their representation in WordNet. In GWC 2012 6th International Global Wordnet Conference (p. 105-112).
  • Fellbaum, C., & Mathieu, Y. Y. (2014). A corpus-based construction of emotion verb scales. In F. Baider, & G. Cislaru, (Eds.). Linguistic Approaches to Emotions in Context (99-112). Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
  • Fleischhauer, J. (2016). Degree gradation of verbs (Vol. 2). Düsseldorf: Düsseldorf University Press.
  • Horn, L. R. (1989). A natural history of negation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press
  • Jackson, J. C., Watts, J., Henry, T. R., List, J. M., Forkel, R., Mucha, P. J., ... & Lindquist, K. A. (2019). Emotion semantics show both cultural variation and universal structure. Science, 366(6472), 1517-1522.
  • Johnson-Laird, P. N., & Oatley, K. (1989). The language of emotions: An analysis of a semantic field. Cognition and emotion, 3(2), 81-123.
  • Kingsbury, P., & Palmer, M. (2002, May). From TreeBank to PropBank. In LREC (pp. 1989-1993). Las Palmas, Spain.
  • Kipper, K., Korhonen, A., Ryant, N., & Palmer, M. (2008). A large-scale classification of English verbs. Language Resources and Evaluation, 42(1), 21-40.
  • Kipper-Schuler, K. (2005). VerbNet: A Broad-Coverage, Comprehensive Verb Lexicon. Ph.D. thesis, University of Pennsylvania.
  • Lexico (2019). Oxford University Press (OUP). [online] Lexico.com. Available at: https://www.lexico.com/ [Accessed 25 Dec. 2019].
  • Levin, B. (1993). English verb classes and alternations: A preliminary investigation. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Levinson, S. C. (1983). Pragmatics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Lindstromberg, S. (1985). Schemata for ordering the teaching and learning of vocabulary. ELT Journal, 39(4), 235-243.
  • Longman (2019). Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English | LDOCE. [online] Ldoceonline.com. Available at: https://www.ldoceonline.com/ [Accessed 25 Dec. 2019]. Mathieu, Y. Y. (2006). A computational semantic lexicon of french verbs of emotion. In J. G. Shanahan, Y. Qu, & J. Wiebe, (Eds.). Computing attitude and affect in text: Theory and applications (109-124). Springer, Dordrecht.
  • Mathieu, Y. Y., & Fellbaum, C. (2010). Verbs of emotion in French and English. In The 5th International Conference of the Global WordNet Association.
  • Miller, G. (1995). WordNet: A Lexical Database for English. Communications of the ACM, 38(11), 39-41.
  • Ortony, A., Clore, G. L., & Collins, A. (1988). The cognitive structure of emotions. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Sheinman, V., Fellbaum, C., Julien, I., Schulam, P., & Tokunaga, T. (2013). Large, huge or gigantic? Identifying and encoding intensity relations among adjectives in WordNet. Language resources and evaluation, 47(3), 797-816.
  • Sheinman, V., & Tokunaga, T. (2009). Adjscales: Visualizing differences between adjectives for language learners. IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Information and Systems, 92(8), 1542-1550.
  • Sökmen, A. J. (1997). Current trends in teaching second language vocabulary. Readings in Methodology: A collection of articles on the teaching of English as a foreign language, (152-161).
  • Swift, M. (2005, February). Towards automatic verb acquisition from VerbNet for spoken dialog processing. In Proceedings of Interdisciplinary Workshop on the Identification and Representation of Verb Features and Verb Classes (pp. 115-120).
  • Tamm, A. (2012). Scalar verb classes: Scalarity, thematic roles, and arguments in the Estonian aspectual lexicon. Firenze: Firenze University Press. WordNet. (2010). Princeton University “About WordNet”. Princeton University.
Toplam 32 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Eğitim Üzerine Çalışmalar
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

İsmail Saka Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-2285-3130

Yayımlanma Tarihi 8 Aralık 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Saka, İ. (2020). EFL Learners’ Comprehension of Scalar Emotion Verbs. International Journal of Modern Education Studies, 4(2), 110-138.