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Navigating through Turbulent Times: U.S. Secondary Teachers Share Their Experiences as Online Learners during the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Implications for Their Teaching Practice

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 245 - 279, 31.12.2021

Öz

This participatory action research was a collaborative endeavor designed to identify the challenges secondary in-service teachers confront as learners in a virtual context and the implications their participation in graduate synchronous remote coursework had for them as middle and secondary classroom teachers teaching online. This article highlights the obstacles schools have been facing amid the coronavirus pandemic, presents the fears consuming teachers, parents, and students, describes the frustration with remote learning, and summarizes the pre- and post-coronavirus teacher stress, burnout, and attrition occurrences. This article also outlines preventative measures to make schools safe and secure, and discuss how supporting teacher self-care, promotes student wellbeing. We share lessons learned from identifying teacher stresses in the online virtual learning context and redesigning our graduate courses for our participants by modeling best practices for coping with technostress, incorporating technology tools, modifying pedagogical procedures, and integrating various resources to enhance virtual instruction. Using thematic analysis, we identified the following themes which impact the e-teaching-learning experience: a) juggling multiple demands in the home environment while learning online is distracting; (b) balancing work-life responsibilities is challenging; (c) teaching and learning in a virtual context is isolating; (d) dealing with technostress is overwhelming, and (e) practicing self-care allows teachers to support student wellbeing. We summarize the findings from this project where the teachers reflect on their personal experiences while enrolled in online graduate courses and describe how the teachers’ experiences as learners informed their teaching practice.

Kaynakça

  • American Federation of Teachers (AFT) (2017). 2017 Educator quality of work life survey. Retrieved from https://www.aft.org/sites/default/files/2017_eqwl_survey_web.pdf
  • Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
  • Brivio, E., Gaudioso, F., Vergine, I., Mirizzi, C. R., Reina, C., Stellari, A., & Galimberti, C. (2018). Preventing technostress through positive technology. Frontiers in Psychology, 9. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02569
  • Camera, L. (2020, June 29). New Estimate to Reopen Schools After Coronavirus: $116.5 Billion. Retrieved September 1, 2020, from https://www.usnews.com/news/education-news/articles/2020-06-09/new-estimate-to-reopen-schools-after-coronavirus-1165-billion
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). Preparing K-12 School Administrators for a Safe Return to School in Fall 2020. Retrieved September 1, 2020, from https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/schools-childcare/prepare-safe-return.html
  • Chiappetta, M. (2017). The Technostress: Definition, symptoms and risk prevention. Senses & Sciences. doi:10.14616/sands-2017-1-358361
  • Claxton, G, Levitt, L., Garfield, R., Kamal, R., Neuman, T., Kates, J., Michaud, J., Koma, W., & Rae, M. (2020). How many teachers are at risk of serious illness if infected with coronavirus? Retrieved from https://www.kff.org/coronavirus-covid-19/issue-brief/how-many-teachers-are-at-risk-of-serious-illness-if-infected-with-coronavirus/
  • Couzin-Frankel, J., Vogel, G., & Weiland, M. (2020, July 7). School openings across globe suggest ways to keep coronavirus at bay, despite outbreaks. American Association for the Advancement of Science. doi:10.1126/science.abd7107
  • Covey, S. R. (1989). The 7 habits of highly effective people: Powerful lessons in personal change. New York, NY: Free Press
  • Devaki, N., Syed Rejina Parveen, M., Priyanka, M., & Athilakshmi, A. (2019). A Vibrant Ray of Hope: Staff Well Being is Key to Students Well Being. International Journal of Education, 7(3), 34-40. doi: https://doi.org/10.34293/ education.v7i3.459
  • Education Week. (2021, February 8). The Coronavirus Spring: The Historic Closing of U.S. Schools (A Timeline). Education Week. https://www.edweek.org/leadership/the-coronavirus-spring-the-historic-closing-of-u-s-schools-a-timeline/2020/07.
  • Efilti, E., & Coklar, A. N. (2019). Teachers‟ technostress levels as an indicator of their psychological capital levels. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 7 (2) 413-421. DOI: 10.13189/ujer.2019.070214
  • Eyal, M., Bauer, T., Playfair, E. & McCarthy, C. J. (2019). Mind-body group for teacher stress: A trauma-informed intervention program, The Journal for Specialists in Group Work, 44 (3), 204-221. DOI: 10.1080/01933922.2019.1634779
  • Fleming, N. (2020, April 25). Why Are Some Kids Thriving During Remote Learning? Edutopia. https://www.edutopia.org/article/why-are-some-kids-thriving-during-remote-learning.Gay, L., Mills, G. E., & Airasian, P. (2009). Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Applications. Upper Saddle River: Pearson
  • Guthrie, B. L., Tordoff, D. M., Meisner, J., Tolentino, L., Jiang, W., Fuller, S., Green, D., Louden, D., & Ross, J. M. (2020). Summary of school re-opening models and implementation approaches during the COVID 19 pandemic. Retrieved from https://globalhealth.washington.edu/sites/default/files/COVID-19%20Schools%20Summary%20%28updated%29.pdf
  • Hansen, B., & Gray, E. (2018). Creating Boundaries Within the Ubiquitous Online Classroom. Journal of Educators Online, 15(3). doi:10.9743/jeo.2018.15.3.2
  • Hudson, H. (2020, April 28). Kids (and Teachers) Don't Need to Spend 8 Hours a Day on School Work Right Now. Retrieved October 09, 2020, from https://www.weareteachers.com/virtual-learning-schedule/
  • Johnstone, M. (1989). Stress in teaching: An overview of research. Edinburgh: Scottish Council for Research in Education (SCRE).
  • Kennedy, M. (2020, June 10). Reopening means an additional $1.8 million in costs for average- sized school district, administrators estimate. Retrieved September, 2020, from https://www.asumag.com/covid-19/article/21133640/reopening-means-an-additional-18-million-in-costs-for-averagesized-school-district-administrators-estimate
  • Khullar, D. (2021, May 25). The Beginning of the End of the American Pandemic. The New Yorker. https://www.newyorker.com/science/medical-dispatch/the-beginning-of-the-end-of-the-american-pandemic?utm_source=pocket-newtab.
  • Kuhfeld, M. & Tarasawa, B. (2020). The COVID-19 slide: What summer learning loss can tell us about the potential impact of school closures on student academic achievement. NWEA. https://www.nwea.org/content/uploads/2020/05/Collaborative-Brief_Covid19-Slide-APR20.pdf
  • Lorelli S. Nowell, J. M. N. (2017). Thematic Analysis: Striving to Meet the Trustworthiness Criteria - Lorelli S. Nowell, Jill M. Norris, Deborah E. White, Nancy J. Moules, 2017. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1609406917733847.
  • MacDonald, C. (2012). Understanding Participatory Action Research: A Qualitative Research Methodology Option. The Canadian Journal of Action Research, 13(2), 35-40. McClintock, E. (2020, September 22). 10 Mental Health Tips for Teachers During COVID-19. Retrieved September 30, 2020, from https://everfi.com/blog/k-12/10-ways-educators-can-support-their-mental-health/
  • McFarland, K. P., & Stansell, J. C. (1995). Historical perspectives. In 955568284 744347443 L. Patterson (Author), Teachers are researchers: Reflection and action. Newark, DE: International Reading Association.
  • McKinnon, R., & Aspegren, E. (2020, July 09). 'Scared for my life' but needing a salary: Teachers weigh risks of COVID-19. Retrieved October 07, 2020, from https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/education/2020/07/09/covid-school-reopening-teachers-health/5403160002/
  • Mertler, C. A. (2014). Action research: Improving schools and empowering educators (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.
  • Mills, G. E. (2006). Action Research: A Guide for the Teacher Researcher. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc.
  • Nania, R. (2020, July 23). 1 in 4 Teachers at Risk of Severe COVID-19. AARP. https://www.aarp.org/work/working-at-50-plus/info-2020/teachers-coronavirus-risk.html.
  • Noonoo, S. (2020, May 4). How Long Should a Remote School Day Be? There's No Consensus - EdSurge News. EdSurge. https://www.edsurge.com/news/2020-05-04-how-long-should-a-remote-school-day-be-there-s-no-consensus.
  • O’Brien, B. & Whitcomb, D. (2020). U.S. teachers protest school reopening, coronavirus cases down in South, West. Reuters. Retrieved from https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-usa/u-s-teachers-protest-school-reopenings-coronavirus-cases-down-in-south-west-idUSKCN24Z292
  • Roy, M. & Boboc, M. (2016). Professional development needs of online teachers, Journal of Online Learning Research, 2 (3), 283-302.
  • Seton, H. (2019). The elephant in the classroom. Educational Leadership, (77) 2, 77-80.
  • Shapiro, E. (2020, August 13). How Trump's Push to Reopen Schools Backfired. Retrieved September 1, 2020, from https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/13/us/trump-schools-reopen.html
  • Stiglbauer, B., & Zuber, J. (2018). Challenge and challenge and stress among schoolteachers. Psychology in the Schools, 55(6). doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.22135
  • Strauss, V. (2020, July 21). Perspective | The case for treating teachers around the world as essential front-line workers. Retrieved September 1, 2020, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/education/2020/07/21/case-treating-teachers-around-world-essential-front-line-workers/
  • Tarafdar, M., Tu, Q., Ragu-Nathan, T. S., & Ragu-Nathan, B. S. (2011). Crossing to the dark side. Communications of the ACM, 54(9), 113-120. doi:10.1145/1995376.1995403
  • Umayam, C. (2020, July 16). How to Prevent Zoom Fatigue for Students Enrolled in Online Learning Classes: MarketScale. Retrieved October 09, 2020, from https://marketscale.com/industries/education-technology/students-teachers-prevent-zoom-fatigue/
  • Wan, W. (2020, May 07). The coronavirus pandemic is pushing America into a mental-health crisis. Retrieved September 1, 2020, from https://www.pharmacist.com/article/coronavirus-pandemic-pushing-america-mental-health-crisis
  • Walker, R. (2016, March 24). 'Build the plane while you're flying it'. Retrieved September 1, 2020, from https://www.csmonitor.com/The-Culture/The-Home-Forum/2016/0324/Build-the-plane-while-you-re-flying-it
  • Welch Brasfield, M., Lancaster, C. & Xu, Y.J. (2019). Wellness as a mitigating factor for teacher burnout. Journal of Education, 199 (3), 166-178.
  • Westwood, S. (2020, August 21). White House formally declaring teachers essential workers. Retrieved September 1, 2020, from https://www.cnn.com/2020/08/20/politics/white-house-teachers-essential-workers/index.html
  • Zhu, Y. (2019). Can participatory action research empower participants in adult education studies? The Canadian Journal for the Study of Adult Education, 31 (1), 63–73. https://doi.org/ISSN1925-993X
  • Zielezinski, M. B. (2017). Promising practices for education technology. American Educator, Summer, pgs. 38-43.
Yıl 2021, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 245 - 279, 31.12.2021

Öz

Kaynakça

  • American Federation of Teachers (AFT) (2017). 2017 Educator quality of work life survey. Retrieved from https://www.aft.org/sites/default/files/2017_eqwl_survey_web.pdf
  • Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
  • Brivio, E., Gaudioso, F., Vergine, I., Mirizzi, C. R., Reina, C., Stellari, A., & Galimberti, C. (2018). Preventing technostress through positive technology. Frontiers in Psychology, 9. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02569
  • Camera, L. (2020, June 29). New Estimate to Reopen Schools After Coronavirus: $116.5 Billion. Retrieved September 1, 2020, from https://www.usnews.com/news/education-news/articles/2020-06-09/new-estimate-to-reopen-schools-after-coronavirus-1165-billion
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). Preparing K-12 School Administrators for a Safe Return to School in Fall 2020. Retrieved September 1, 2020, from https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/schools-childcare/prepare-safe-return.html
  • Chiappetta, M. (2017). The Technostress: Definition, symptoms and risk prevention. Senses & Sciences. doi:10.14616/sands-2017-1-358361
  • Claxton, G, Levitt, L., Garfield, R., Kamal, R., Neuman, T., Kates, J., Michaud, J., Koma, W., & Rae, M. (2020). How many teachers are at risk of serious illness if infected with coronavirus? Retrieved from https://www.kff.org/coronavirus-covid-19/issue-brief/how-many-teachers-are-at-risk-of-serious-illness-if-infected-with-coronavirus/
  • Couzin-Frankel, J., Vogel, G., & Weiland, M. (2020, July 7). School openings across globe suggest ways to keep coronavirus at bay, despite outbreaks. American Association for the Advancement of Science. doi:10.1126/science.abd7107
  • Covey, S. R. (1989). The 7 habits of highly effective people: Powerful lessons in personal change. New York, NY: Free Press
  • Devaki, N., Syed Rejina Parveen, M., Priyanka, M., & Athilakshmi, A. (2019). A Vibrant Ray of Hope: Staff Well Being is Key to Students Well Being. International Journal of Education, 7(3), 34-40. doi: https://doi.org/10.34293/ education.v7i3.459
  • Education Week. (2021, February 8). The Coronavirus Spring: The Historic Closing of U.S. Schools (A Timeline). Education Week. https://www.edweek.org/leadership/the-coronavirus-spring-the-historic-closing-of-u-s-schools-a-timeline/2020/07.
  • Efilti, E., & Coklar, A. N. (2019). Teachers‟ technostress levels as an indicator of their psychological capital levels. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 7 (2) 413-421. DOI: 10.13189/ujer.2019.070214
  • Eyal, M., Bauer, T., Playfair, E. & McCarthy, C. J. (2019). Mind-body group for teacher stress: A trauma-informed intervention program, The Journal for Specialists in Group Work, 44 (3), 204-221. DOI: 10.1080/01933922.2019.1634779
  • Fleming, N. (2020, April 25). Why Are Some Kids Thriving During Remote Learning? Edutopia. https://www.edutopia.org/article/why-are-some-kids-thriving-during-remote-learning.Gay, L., Mills, G. E., & Airasian, P. (2009). Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Applications. Upper Saddle River: Pearson
  • Guthrie, B. L., Tordoff, D. M., Meisner, J., Tolentino, L., Jiang, W., Fuller, S., Green, D., Louden, D., & Ross, J. M. (2020). Summary of school re-opening models and implementation approaches during the COVID 19 pandemic. Retrieved from https://globalhealth.washington.edu/sites/default/files/COVID-19%20Schools%20Summary%20%28updated%29.pdf
  • Hansen, B., & Gray, E. (2018). Creating Boundaries Within the Ubiquitous Online Classroom. Journal of Educators Online, 15(3). doi:10.9743/jeo.2018.15.3.2
  • Hudson, H. (2020, April 28). Kids (and Teachers) Don't Need to Spend 8 Hours a Day on School Work Right Now. Retrieved October 09, 2020, from https://www.weareteachers.com/virtual-learning-schedule/
  • Johnstone, M. (1989). Stress in teaching: An overview of research. Edinburgh: Scottish Council for Research in Education (SCRE).
  • Kennedy, M. (2020, June 10). Reopening means an additional $1.8 million in costs for average- sized school district, administrators estimate. Retrieved September, 2020, from https://www.asumag.com/covid-19/article/21133640/reopening-means-an-additional-18-million-in-costs-for-averagesized-school-district-administrators-estimate
  • Khullar, D. (2021, May 25). The Beginning of the End of the American Pandemic. The New Yorker. https://www.newyorker.com/science/medical-dispatch/the-beginning-of-the-end-of-the-american-pandemic?utm_source=pocket-newtab.
  • Kuhfeld, M. & Tarasawa, B. (2020). The COVID-19 slide: What summer learning loss can tell us about the potential impact of school closures on student academic achievement. NWEA. https://www.nwea.org/content/uploads/2020/05/Collaborative-Brief_Covid19-Slide-APR20.pdf
  • Lorelli S. Nowell, J. M. N. (2017). Thematic Analysis: Striving to Meet the Trustworthiness Criteria - Lorelli S. Nowell, Jill M. Norris, Deborah E. White, Nancy J. Moules, 2017. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1609406917733847.
  • MacDonald, C. (2012). Understanding Participatory Action Research: A Qualitative Research Methodology Option. The Canadian Journal of Action Research, 13(2), 35-40. McClintock, E. (2020, September 22). 10 Mental Health Tips for Teachers During COVID-19. Retrieved September 30, 2020, from https://everfi.com/blog/k-12/10-ways-educators-can-support-their-mental-health/
  • McFarland, K. P., & Stansell, J. C. (1995). Historical perspectives. In 955568284 744347443 L. Patterson (Author), Teachers are researchers: Reflection and action. Newark, DE: International Reading Association.
  • McKinnon, R., & Aspegren, E. (2020, July 09). 'Scared for my life' but needing a salary: Teachers weigh risks of COVID-19. Retrieved October 07, 2020, from https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/education/2020/07/09/covid-school-reopening-teachers-health/5403160002/
  • Mertler, C. A. (2014). Action research: Improving schools and empowering educators (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.
  • Mills, G. E. (2006). Action Research: A Guide for the Teacher Researcher. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc.
  • Nania, R. (2020, July 23). 1 in 4 Teachers at Risk of Severe COVID-19. AARP. https://www.aarp.org/work/working-at-50-plus/info-2020/teachers-coronavirus-risk.html.
  • Noonoo, S. (2020, May 4). How Long Should a Remote School Day Be? There's No Consensus - EdSurge News. EdSurge. https://www.edsurge.com/news/2020-05-04-how-long-should-a-remote-school-day-be-there-s-no-consensus.
  • O’Brien, B. & Whitcomb, D. (2020). U.S. teachers protest school reopening, coronavirus cases down in South, West. Reuters. Retrieved from https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-usa/u-s-teachers-protest-school-reopenings-coronavirus-cases-down-in-south-west-idUSKCN24Z292
  • Roy, M. & Boboc, M. (2016). Professional development needs of online teachers, Journal of Online Learning Research, 2 (3), 283-302.
  • Seton, H. (2019). The elephant in the classroom. Educational Leadership, (77) 2, 77-80.
  • Shapiro, E. (2020, August 13). How Trump's Push to Reopen Schools Backfired. Retrieved September 1, 2020, from https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/13/us/trump-schools-reopen.html
  • Stiglbauer, B., & Zuber, J. (2018). Challenge and challenge and stress among schoolteachers. Psychology in the Schools, 55(6). doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.22135
  • Strauss, V. (2020, July 21). Perspective | The case for treating teachers around the world as essential front-line workers. Retrieved September 1, 2020, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/education/2020/07/21/case-treating-teachers-around-world-essential-front-line-workers/
  • Tarafdar, M., Tu, Q., Ragu-Nathan, T. S., & Ragu-Nathan, B. S. (2011). Crossing to the dark side. Communications of the ACM, 54(9), 113-120. doi:10.1145/1995376.1995403
  • Umayam, C. (2020, July 16). How to Prevent Zoom Fatigue for Students Enrolled in Online Learning Classes: MarketScale. Retrieved October 09, 2020, from https://marketscale.com/industries/education-technology/students-teachers-prevent-zoom-fatigue/
  • Wan, W. (2020, May 07). The coronavirus pandemic is pushing America into a mental-health crisis. Retrieved September 1, 2020, from https://www.pharmacist.com/article/coronavirus-pandemic-pushing-america-mental-health-crisis
  • Walker, R. (2016, March 24). 'Build the plane while you're flying it'. Retrieved September 1, 2020, from https://www.csmonitor.com/The-Culture/The-Home-Forum/2016/0324/Build-the-plane-while-you-re-flying-it
  • Welch Brasfield, M., Lancaster, C. & Xu, Y.J. (2019). Wellness as a mitigating factor for teacher burnout. Journal of Education, 199 (3), 166-178.
  • Westwood, S. (2020, August 21). White House formally declaring teachers essential workers. Retrieved September 1, 2020, from https://www.cnn.com/2020/08/20/politics/white-house-teachers-essential-workers/index.html
  • Zhu, Y. (2019). Can participatory action research empower participants in adult education studies? The Canadian Journal for the Study of Adult Education, 31 (1), 63–73. https://doi.org/ISSN1925-993X
  • Zielezinski, M. B. (2017). Promising practices for education technology. American Educator, Summer, pgs. 38-43.
Toplam 43 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Eğitim Üzerine Çalışmalar
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Jioanna Carjuzaa Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-1929-6644

Kayce Williams Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Carjuzaa, J., & Williams, K. (2021). Navigating through Turbulent Times: U.S. Secondary Teachers Share Their Experiences as Online Learners during the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Implications for Their Teaching Practice. International Journal of Modern Education Studies, 5(2), 245-279.