Araştırma Makalesi
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Yıl 2025, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 378 - 390, 31.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.46614/ijous.1816292

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Čeremisov, K. M. 1951. Buryat-mongolsko-russkiy slovar’ [Buryat-Mongolian-Russian dictionary]. Moskva: Gosudarstvennoe izdatel’stvo inostrannyx i nacionalnyx slovarej.
  • Eliade, Mircea 2018. Şamanizm. İlkel Esrime Teknikleri [Shamanism. Archaic Techniques of Ecstasy]. (translator: İsmet Birkan). İstanbul: İmge Kitabevi.
  • Fürer-Haimendorf von Christop 1964. The Sherpas of Nepal: Buddhist Highlanders. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California-Press.
  • Giles, Herbert A. 1912. A Chinese-English Dictionary. Second Edition, Revise & Enlarged. Shangai, China and London.
  • Goldstein, C. Melvyn, Ngawangthondup, Narkyid 1999. English-Tibetan Dictionary of Modern Tibetan. (3. edition). Dharamsala: Library of Tibetan Works & Archives.
  • Grønbech, Kaare, Krueger, John R. 1993. An Introduction to Classical (Literary) Mongolian. (third, corrected edition). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag.
  • Hirakawa, Akira, Hirai Shunei, Takahashi So, Hakamaya Noriaki, Yoshizu Geiei 1973. Index to the Abhidharmakośabhāṣya, Part One Sanskrit-Tibetan-Chinese. Tokyo: Daizo Shuppan Kabushikikaisha.
  • Hopkins, Jeffrey 2011. Tibetan-Sanskrit-English Dictionary. Digital Archive Section, Library and Information Center of Dharma Drum Buddhist College. Taipei: Dharma Drum Buddhist College.
  • Lessing, Ferdinand D. 1960. Mongolian-English Dictionary. Berkeley & Los Angeles: University of California Press.
  • Li, Xiujia 2019. The Interpretation of Bonismo Cham Dance Posture in the Ancient Books. (5th International Conference on Arts, Design and Contemporary Education (ICADCE 2019). Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research. Volume 341: 353-355.
  • Luvsandendev, A. 1957. Mongol’sko-russkiy slovar’ [Mongolian-Russian dictionary]. Moskva: Gosudarstvennoe Izdatel’stvo Inostrannıx i Natsional’nıx Slovarey.
  • Mackerras, Colin 1999. Tradition and Modernity in the Performing Arts of the Tibetans. International Journal of Social Economics 26 (1/2/3): 58-78.
  • Mathews, Robert Henry 1975. Mathews’ Chinese-English Dictionary. (A Chinese-English Dictionary compiled for the China Inland Mission by R.H. Mathews, Shanghai and Presbyterian Mission Press, 1931). Revised American Edition with Revised English Index, Massachusetts.
  • Malov, Sergey Yefimovič 1957. Yazık jyoltıh uygurov: slovar i grammatika [The language of Yellow Uyghurs: Dictionary and grammar]. Alma-Ata: Izdatel’stvo Akademii Nauk Kazaxskoy SSR.
  • Malov, Sergey Yefimovič 1967. Yazık jyoltıh uygurov: Teksti i perevodı [The language of Yellow Uyghurs: Texts and translations]. Moskva: Izdatel’stvo Nauka.
  • Mostaert, Antonie 1968. Dictionnaire Ordos [Ordos dictonary]. A-Ž Tables Alphatétiques, New York / London : Johnson Reprint Corporation.
  • Ramstedt, Gustaf John 1935. Kalmückisches Wörterbuch [Kalmuck dictionary]. Helsinki: Lexica Societatis Fenno-Ugricae 3.
  • Räsänen, Martti 1969. Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen [Attempt at an etymological dictionary of the Turkic languages]. Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura.
  • Róna-Tas A. 1962. Tibetan Loan-words in the Shera Yögur Language. Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae. Volume: 15, No: 1/3: 259-271.
  • Roos, Martina Erica 2000. The Western Yugur (Yellow Uygur) Language, Grammar, Text, Vocabulary. (Dissertation). Leiden: Rijks Üniversitesi.
  • Smedt, A. de, Mostaert, Antoine 1933. Le dialecte monguor parlé par les mongols du Kansou occidental, Dictionnaire Monguor-Français [The Monguor dialect spoken by the Mongols of Western Kansu, Monguor-French Dictionary]. Pei-pi’ng: Imprimerie de l'Université catholique.
  • Soothill, W. E., Hodous, L. 1937. A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms with Sanskrit and English Equivalents and a Sanskrit-Pali Index. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co.
  • Tenišev, E. Rahimovič 1976. Stroy sarıg-yugurskogo yazıka [The construction of Yellow Uyghur language]. Moskva: Izdatel’stvo Nauka.
  • Todaeva, B. X. 2001. Slovar’ yazıka oyratov Sin’tszyana [Dictionary of the Oirat language of Xinjiang]. Elista: Kalmıtskoe knijnoe izdatel’stvo.
  • Weidinger, Johannes T. 2002. Sacred buddhistic monuments in the Himalaya: indicators and protectors from mountainous hazards. Journal of Nepal Geological Society. Volume 26: 91-98.
  • Wilkens, Jens 2021. Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen, (Altuigurisch – Deutsch – Türkisch) / Eski Uygurcanın El Sözlüğü, (Eski Uygurca – Almanca – Türkçe) [Concise dictionary of Old Uyghur (Old Uyghur-German-Turkish)]. Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, Universitätsverlag Göttingen.

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 378 - 390, 31.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.46614/ijous.1816292

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Čeremisov, K. M. 1951. Buryat-mongolsko-russkiy slovar’ [Buryat-Mongolian-Russian dictionary]. Moskva: Gosudarstvennoe izdatel’stvo inostrannyx i nacionalnyx slovarej.
  • Eliade, Mircea 2018. Şamanizm. İlkel Esrime Teknikleri [Shamanism. Archaic Techniques of Ecstasy]. (translator: İsmet Birkan). İstanbul: İmge Kitabevi.
  • Fürer-Haimendorf von Christop 1964. The Sherpas of Nepal: Buddhist Highlanders. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California-Press.
  • Giles, Herbert A. 1912. A Chinese-English Dictionary. Second Edition, Revise & Enlarged. Shangai, China and London.
  • Goldstein, C. Melvyn, Ngawangthondup, Narkyid 1999. English-Tibetan Dictionary of Modern Tibetan. (3. edition). Dharamsala: Library of Tibetan Works & Archives.
  • Grønbech, Kaare, Krueger, John R. 1993. An Introduction to Classical (Literary) Mongolian. (third, corrected edition). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag.
  • Hirakawa, Akira, Hirai Shunei, Takahashi So, Hakamaya Noriaki, Yoshizu Geiei 1973. Index to the Abhidharmakośabhāṣya, Part One Sanskrit-Tibetan-Chinese. Tokyo: Daizo Shuppan Kabushikikaisha.
  • Hopkins, Jeffrey 2011. Tibetan-Sanskrit-English Dictionary. Digital Archive Section, Library and Information Center of Dharma Drum Buddhist College. Taipei: Dharma Drum Buddhist College.
  • Lessing, Ferdinand D. 1960. Mongolian-English Dictionary. Berkeley & Los Angeles: University of California Press.
  • Li, Xiujia 2019. The Interpretation of Bonismo Cham Dance Posture in the Ancient Books. (5th International Conference on Arts, Design and Contemporary Education (ICADCE 2019). Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research. Volume 341: 353-355.
  • Luvsandendev, A. 1957. Mongol’sko-russkiy slovar’ [Mongolian-Russian dictionary]. Moskva: Gosudarstvennoe Izdatel’stvo Inostrannıx i Natsional’nıx Slovarey.
  • Mackerras, Colin 1999. Tradition and Modernity in the Performing Arts of the Tibetans. International Journal of Social Economics 26 (1/2/3): 58-78.
  • Mathews, Robert Henry 1975. Mathews’ Chinese-English Dictionary. (A Chinese-English Dictionary compiled for the China Inland Mission by R.H. Mathews, Shanghai and Presbyterian Mission Press, 1931). Revised American Edition with Revised English Index, Massachusetts.
  • Malov, Sergey Yefimovič 1957. Yazık jyoltıh uygurov: slovar i grammatika [The language of Yellow Uyghurs: Dictionary and grammar]. Alma-Ata: Izdatel’stvo Akademii Nauk Kazaxskoy SSR.
  • Malov, Sergey Yefimovič 1967. Yazık jyoltıh uygurov: Teksti i perevodı [The language of Yellow Uyghurs: Texts and translations]. Moskva: Izdatel’stvo Nauka.
  • Mostaert, Antonie 1968. Dictionnaire Ordos [Ordos dictonary]. A-Ž Tables Alphatétiques, New York / London : Johnson Reprint Corporation.
  • Ramstedt, Gustaf John 1935. Kalmückisches Wörterbuch [Kalmuck dictionary]. Helsinki: Lexica Societatis Fenno-Ugricae 3.
  • Räsänen, Martti 1969. Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen [Attempt at an etymological dictionary of the Turkic languages]. Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura.
  • Róna-Tas A. 1962. Tibetan Loan-words in the Shera Yögur Language. Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae. Volume: 15, No: 1/3: 259-271.
  • Roos, Martina Erica 2000. The Western Yugur (Yellow Uygur) Language, Grammar, Text, Vocabulary. (Dissertation). Leiden: Rijks Üniversitesi.
  • Smedt, A. de, Mostaert, Antoine 1933. Le dialecte monguor parlé par les mongols du Kansou occidental, Dictionnaire Monguor-Français [The Monguor dialect spoken by the Mongols of Western Kansu, Monguor-French Dictionary]. Pei-pi’ng: Imprimerie de l'Université catholique.
  • Soothill, W. E., Hodous, L. 1937. A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms with Sanskrit and English Equivalents and a Sanskrit-Pali Index. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co.
  • Tenišev, E. Rahimovič 1976. Stroy sarıg-yugurskogo yazıka [The construction of Yellow Uyghur language]. Moskva: Izdatel’stvo Nauka.
  • Todaeva, B. X. 2001. Slovar’ yazıka oyratov Sin’tszyana [Dictionary of the Oirat language of Xinjiang]. Elista: Kalmıtskoe knijnoe izdatel’stvo.
  • Weidinger, Johannes T. 2002. Sacred buddhistic monuments in the Himalaya: indicators and protectors from mountainous hazards. Journal of Nepal Geological Society. Volume 26: 91-98.
  • Wilkens, Jens 2021. Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen, (Altuigurisch – Deutsch – Türkisch) / Eski Uygurcanın El Sözlüğü, (Eski Uygurca – Almanca – Türkçe) [Concise dictionary of Old Uyghur (Old Uyghur-German-Turkish)]. Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, Universitätsverlag Göttingen.

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 378 - 390, 31.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.46614/ijous.1816292

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Čeremisov, K. M. 1951. Buryat-mongolsko-russkiy slovar’ [Buryat-Mongolian-Russian dictionary]. Moskva: Gosudarstvennoe izdatel’stvo inostrannyx i nacionalnyx slovarej.
  • Eliade, Mircea 2018. Şamanizm. İlkel Esrime Teknikleri [Shamanism. Archaic Techniques of Ecstasy]. (translator: İsmet Birkan). İstanbul: İmge Kitabevi.
  • Fürer-Haimendorf von Christop 1964. The Sherpas of Nepal: Buddhist Highlanders. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California-Press.
  • Giles, Herbert A. 1912. A Chinese-English Dictionary. Second Edition, Revise & Enlarged. Shangai, China and London.
  • Goldstein, C. Melvyn, Ngawangthondup, Narkyid 1999. English-Tibetan Dictionary of Modern Tibetan. (3. edition). Dharamsala: Library of Tibetan Works & Archives.
  • Grønbech, Kaare, Krueger, John R. 1993. An Introduction to Classical (Literary) Mongolian. (third, corrected edition). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag.
  • Hirakawa, Akira, Hirai Shunei, Takahashi So, Hakamaya Noriaki, Yoshizu Geiei 1973. Index to the Abhidharmakośabhāṣya, Part One Sanskrit-Tibetan-Chinese. Tokyo: Daizo Shuppan Kabushikikaisha.
  • Hopkins, Jeffrey 2011. Tibetan-Sanskrit-English Dictionary. Digital Archive Section, Library and Information Center of Dharma Drum Buddhist College. Taipei: Dharma Drum Buddhist College.
  • Lessing, Ferdinand D. 1960. Mongolian-English Dictionary. Berkeley & Los Angeles: University of California Press.
  • Li, Xiujia 2019. The Interpretation of Bonismo Cham Dance Posture in the Ancient Books. (5th International Conference on Arts, Design and Contemporary Education (ICADCE 2019). Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research. Volume 341: 353-355.
  • Luvsandendev, A. 1957. Mongol’sko-russkiy slovar’ [Mongolian-Russian dictionary]. Moskva: Gosudarstvennoe Izdatel’stvo Inostrannıx i Natsional’nıx Slovarey.
  • Mackerras, Colin 1999. Tradition and Modernity in the Performing Arts of the Tibetans. International Journal of Social Economics 26 (1/2/3): 58-78.
  • Mathews, Robert Henry 1975. Mathews’ Chinese-English Dictionary. (A Chinese-English Dictionary compiled for the China Inland Mission by R.H. Mathews, Shanghai and Presbyterian Mission Press, 1931). Revised American Edition with Revised English Index, Massachusetts.
  • Malov, Sergey Yefimovič 1957. Yazık jyoltıh uygurov: slovar i grammatika [The language of Yellow Uyghurs: Dictionary and grammar]. Alma-Ata: Izdatel’stvo Akademii Nauk Kazaxskoy SSR.
  • Malov, Sergey Yefimovič 1967. Yazık jyoltıh uygurov: Teksti i perevodı [The language of Yellow Uyghurs: Texts and translations]. Moskva: Izdatel’stvo Nauka.
  • Mostaert, Antonie 1968. Dictionnaire Ordos [Ordos dictonary]. A-Ž Tables Alphatétiques, New York / London : Johnson Reprint Corporation.
  • Ramstedt, Gustaf John 1935. Kalmückisches Wörterbuch [Kalmuck dictionary]. Helsinki: Lexica Societatis Fenno-Ugricae 3.
  • Räsänen, Martti 1969. Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen [Attempt at an etymological dictionary of the Turkic languages]. Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura.
  • Róna-Tas A. 1962. Tibetan Loan-words in the Shera Yögur Language. Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae. Volume: 15, No: 1/3: 259-271.
  • Roos, Martina Erica 2000. The Western Yugur (Yellow Uygur) Language, Grammar, Text, Vocabulary. (Dissertation). Leiden: Rijks Üniversitesi.
  • Smedt, A. de, Mostaert, Antoine 1933. Le dialecte monguor parlé par les mongols du Kansou occidental, Dictionnaire Monguor-Français [The Monguor dialect spoken by the Mongols of Western Kansu, Monguor-French Dictionary]. Pei-pi’ng: Imprimerie de l'Université catholique.
  • Soothill, W. E., Hodous, L. 1937. A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms with Sanskrit and English Equivalents and a Sanskrit-Pali Index. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co.
  • Tenišev, E. Rahimovič 1976. Stroy sarıg-yugurskogo yazıka [The construction of Yellow Uyghur language]. Moskva: Izdatel’stvo Nauka.
  • Todaeva, B. X. 2001. Slovar’ yazıka oyratov Sin’tszyana [Dictionary of the Oirat language of Xinjiang]. Elista: Kalmıtskoe knijnoe izdatel’stvo.
  • Weidinger, Johannes T. 2002. Sacred buddhistic monuments in the Himalaya: indicators and protectors from mountainous hazards. Journal of Nepal Geological Society. Volume 26: 91-98.
  • Wilkens, Jens 2021. Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen, (Altuigurisch – Deutsch – Türkisch) / Eski Uygurcanın El Sözlüğü, (Eski Uygurca – Almanca – Türkçe) [Concise dictionary of Old Uyghur (Old Uyghur-German-Turkish)]. Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, Universitätsverlag Göttingen.

Two Religious Loanwords from Tibetan in Yellow Uyghur: čam and chöhrten

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 378 - 390, 31.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.46614/ijous.1816292

Öz

The words borrowed from Tibetan have an essential place in the vocabulary of the Yellow Uyghurs, who adopted Tibetan Buddhism (Lamaism) under the influence of their Tibetan neighbors and the Mongols. In particular, it is seen that the names of Buddhas, religious rituals, or ritual objects are borrowed from Tibetan. This study focuses on two Tibetan words in the Yellow Uyghur vocabulary: čam (< Tib. cham) and chöhrten (< Tib. mcod rten). The paper aims to contribute to the vocabulary of Yellow Uyghurs and the studies conducted on the subject. Some of the inferences obtained are as follows: 1. Čam means ‘religious ceremony, pantomime dance of monks’ in Yellow Uyghur. It forms a compound verb: čam pokïr- ‘to perform the cam dance, to participate in the religious Buddhist (cham) ceremony’. Čam is listed in Mongur, Kalmuck, Khalkha, Oyrot, Ordos, and Buryat Mongolian with meanings such as ‘masked dance of lamas, religious dance, pantomime of a monk; a religious celebration with dancing and masquerade; religious dance with mask’. The Chinese equivalent of the word cham is 跳神 tiàoshén. Tiàoshén means ‘to exorcise evil spirits, as when a child is very ill, with a view to save its life, to leap before the gods, to practice exorcism’. 2. Chöhrten means ‘stupa, place or object of worship, mausoleum; a large tomb decorated with art reliquary, pagoda’ in Yellow Uyghur. The Chinese equivalent of the Tibetan word chörten is 藪抖波 sŏu dŏu bō, which is the phonetic equivalent of the Sanskrit word stupa.

Kaynakça

  • Čeremisov, K. M. 1951. Buryat-mongolsko-russkiy slovar’ [Buryat-Mongolian-Russian dictionary]. Moskva: Gosudarstvennoe izdatel’stvo inostrannyx i nacionalnyx slovarej.
  • Eliade, Mircea 2018. Şamanizm. İlkel Esrime Teknikleri [Shamanism. Archaic Techniques of Ecstasy]. (translator: İsmet Birkan). İstanbul: İmge Kitabevi.
  • Fürer-Haimendorf von Christop 1964. The Sherpas of Nepal: Buddhist Highlanders. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California-Press.
  • Giles, Herbert A. 1912. A Chinese-English Dictionary. Second Edition, Revise & Enlarged. Shangai, China and London.
  • Goldstein, C. Melvyn, Ngawangthondup, Narkyid 1999. English-Tibetan Dictionary of Modern Tibetan. (3. edition). Dharamsala: Library of Tibetan Works & Archives.
  • Grønbech, Kaare, Krueger, John R. 1993. An Introduction to Classical (Literary) Mongolian. (third, corrected edition). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag.
  • Hirakawa, Akira, Hirai Shunei, Takahashi So, Hakamaya Noriaki, Yoshizu Geiei 1973. Index to the Abhidharmakośabhāṣya, Part One Sanskrit-Tibetan-Chinese. Tokyo: Daizo Shuppan Kabushikikaisha.
  • Hopkins, Jeffrey 2011. Tibetan-Sanskrit-English Dictionary. Digital Archive Section, Library and Information Center of Dharma Drum Buddhist College. Taipei: Dharma Drum Buddhist College.
  • Lessing, Ferdinand D. 1960. Mongolian-English Dictionary. Berkeley & Los Angeles: University of California Press.
  • Li, Xiujia 2019. The Interpretation of Bonismo Cham Dance Posture in the Ancient Books. (5th International Conference on Arts, Design and Contemporary Education (ICADCE 2019). Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research. Volume 341: 353-355.
  • Luvsandendev, A. 1957. Mongol’sko-russkiy slovar’ [Mongolian-Russian dictionary]. Moskva: Gosudarstvennoe Izdatel’stvo Inostrannıx i Natsional’nıx Slovarey.
  • Mackerras, Colin 1999. Tradition and Modernity in the Performing Arts of the Tibetans. International Journal of Social Economics 26 (1/2/3): 58-78.
  • Mathews, Robert Henry 1975. Mathews’ Chinese-English Dictionary. (A Chinese-English Dictionary compiled for the China Inland Mission by R.H. Mathews, Shanghai and Presbyterian Mission Press, 1931). Revised American Edition with Revised English Index, Massachusetts.
  • Malov, Sergey Yefimovič 1957. Yazık jyoltıh uygurov: slovar i grammatika [The language of Yellow Uyghurs: Dictionary and grammar]. Alma-Ata: Izdatel’stvo Akademii Nauk Kazaxskoy SSR.
  • Malov, Sergey Yefimovič 1967. Yazık jyoltıh uygurov: Teksti i perevodı [The language of Yellow Uyghurs: Texts and translations]. Moskva: Izdatel’stvo Nauka.
  • Mostaert, Antonie 1968. Dictionnaire Ordos [Ordos dictonary]. A-Ž Tables Alphatétiques, New York / London : Johnson Reprint Corporation.
  • Ramstedt, Gustaf John 1935. Kalmückisches Wörterbuch [Kalmuck dictionary]. Helsinki: Lexica Societatis Fenno-Ugricae 3.
  • Räsänen, Martti 1969. Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen [Attempt at an etymological dictionary of the Turkic languages]. Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura.
  • Róna-Tas A. 1962. Tibetan Loan-words in the Shera Yögur Language. Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae. Volume: 15, No: 1/3: 259-271.
  • Roos, Martina Erica 2000. The Western Yugur (Yellow Uygur) Language, Grammar, Text, Vocabulary. (Dissertation). Leiden: Rijks Üniversitesi.
  • Smedt, A. de, Mostaert, Antoine 1933. Le dialecte monguor parlé par les mongols du Kansou occidental, Dictionnaire Monguor-Français [The Monguor dialect spoken by the Mongols of Western Kansu, Monguor-French Dictionary]. Pei-pi’ng: Imprimerie de l'Université catholique.
  • Soothill, W. E., Hodous, L. 1937. A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms with Sanskrit and English Equivalents and a Sanskrit-Pali Index. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co.
  • Tenišev, E. Rahimovič 1976. Stroy sarıg-yugurskogo yazıka [The construction of Yellow Uyghur language]. Moskva: Izdatel’stvo Nauka.
  • Todaeva, B. X. 2001. Slovar’ yazıka oyratov Sin’tszyana [Dictionary of the Oirat language of Xinjiang]. Elista: Kalmıtskoe knijnoe izdatel’stvo.
  • Weidinger, Johannes T. 2002. Sacred buddhistic monuments in the Himalaya: indicators and protectors from mountainous hazards. Journal of Nepal Geological Society. Volume 26: 91-98.
  • Wilkens, Jens 2021. Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen, (Altuigurisch – Deutsch – Türkisch) / Eski Uygurcanın El Sözlüğü, (Eski Uygurca – Almanca – Türkçe) [Concise dictionary of Old Uyghur (Old Uyghur-German-Turkish)]. Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, Universitätsverlag Göttingen.

Sarı Uygurcada Tibetçeden Ödünçleme İki Dinî Terim: çam ve chöhrten

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 378 - 390, 31.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.46614/ijous.1816292

Öz

Tibet ve Moğol komşularının etkisiyle Tibet Budizmini benimseyen Sarı Uygurların söz varlığında Tibetçeden ödünçleme sözcükler önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Özellikle, Buda adlarının, dinî ritüellerin ve ritüel objelerin Tibetçeden ödünçleme olduğu görülmektedir. Bu çalışma, Sarı Uygurcanın söz varlığında görülen iki Tibetçe sözcük üzerine odaklanmaktadır. Makale, Sarı Uygurcanın söz varlığına ve konu ile ilgili yapılan çalışmalara katkı sağlamayı amaçlamaktadır. Elde edilen çıkarımlardan bazıları şunlardır: 1. Çam sözcüğü ‘dinî seremoni, keşişlerin pandomim dansı’ anlamına gelmektedir. Sözcük, birleşik bir fiil oluşturmaktadır: çam pokïr- ‘cam dansı yapmak, Budist cham seremonisine katılmak’. Sözcük; Mongur, Kalmuk, Halha, Oyrot ve Ordos Moğolcasında ‘lamaların maskeli dansı, dinî dans, keşişlerin pandomim dansı; danslı ve maskeli dinî bir kutlama’ anlamları ile tespit edilmiştir. Cham sözcüğünün Çince denkliği 跳神 tiàoshén’dir. Tiàoshén, ‘bir çocuğun çok hasta olması durumunda kötü ruhları kovmak, Tanrıların önünde atlamak, kötü ruhlardan arınmak için uygulama yapmak’ anlamlarına gelmektedir. 2. Chöhrten ‘ibadet yeri veya nesnesi, sanatla süslenmiş büyük türbe, mozole, pagoda’ anlamlarına gelmektedir. Tibetçe chörten sözcüğünün Çince denkliği 藪抖波 sŏu dŏu bō’dur. Çince sŏu dŏu bō ise Sanskrit dilindeki stupa sözcüğünün fonetik denkliğidir.

Kaynakça

  • Čeremisov, K. M. 1951. Buryat-mongolsko-russkiy slovar’ [Buryat-Mongolian-Russian dictionary]. Moskva: Gosudarstvennoe izdatel’stvo inostrannyx i nacionalnyx slovarej.
  • Eliade, Mircea 2018. Şamanizm. İlkel Esrime Teknikleri [Shamanism. Archaic Techniques of Ecstasy]. (translator: İsmet Birkan). İstanbul: İmge Kitabevi.
  • Fürer-Haimendorf von Christop 1964. The Sherpas of Nepal: Buddhist Highlanders. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California-Press.
  • Giles, Herbert A. 1912. A Chinese-English Dictionary. Second Edition, Revise & Enlarged. Shangai, China and London.
  • Goldstein, C. Melvyn, Ngawangthondup, Narkyid 1999. English-Tibetan Dictionary of Modern Tibetan. (3. edition). Dharamsala: Library of Tibetan Works & Archives.
  • Grønbech, Kaare, Krueger, John R. 1993. An Introduction to Classical (Literary) Mongolian. (third, corrected edition). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag.
  • Hirakawa, Akira, Hirai Shunei, Takahashi So, Hakamaya Noriaki, Yoshizu Geiei 1973. Index to the Abhidharmakośabhāṣya, Part One Sanskrit-Tibetan-Chinese. Tokyo: Daizo Shuppan Kabushikikaisha.
  • Hopkins, Jeffrey 2011. Tibetan-Sanskrit-English Dictionary. Digital Archive Section, Library and Information Center of Dharma Drum Buddhist College. Taipei: Dharma Drum Buddhist College.
  • Lessing, Ferdinand D. 1960. Mongolian-English Dictionary. Berkeley & Los Angeles: University of California Press.
  • Li, Xiujia 2019. The Interpretation of Bonismo Cham Dance Posture in the Ancient Books. (5th International Conference on Arts, Design and Contemporary Education (ICADCE 2019). Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research. Volume 341: 353-355.
  • Luvsandendev, A. 1957. Mongol’sko-russkiy slovar’ [Mongolian-Russian dictionary]. Moskva: Gosudarstvennoe Izdatel’stvo Inostrannıx i Natsional’nıx Slovarey.
  • Mackerras, Colin 1999. Tradition and Modernity in the Performing Arts of the Tibetans. International Journal of Social Economics 26 (1/2/3): 58-78.
  • Mathews, Robert Henry 1975. Mathews’ Chinese-English Dictionary. (A Chinese-English Dictionary compiled for the China Inland Mission by R.H. Mathews, Shanghai and Presbyterian Mission Press, 1931). Revised American Edition with Revised English Index, Massachusetts.
  • Malov, Sergey Yefimovič 1957. Yazık jyoltıh uygurov: slovar i grammatika [The language of Yellow Uyghurs: Dictionary and grammar]. Alma-Ata: Izdatel’stvo Akademii Nauk Kazaxskoy SSR.
  • Malov, Sergey Yefimovič 1967. Yazık jyoltıh uygurov: Teksti i perevodı [The language of Yellow Uyghurs: Texts and translations]. Moskva: Izdatel’stvo Nauka.
  • Mostaert, Antonie 1968. Dictionnaire Ordos [Ordos dictonary]. A-Ž Tables Alphatétiques, New York / London : Johnson Reprint Corporation.
  • Ramstedt, Gustaf John 1935. Kalmückisches Wörterbuch [Kalmuck dictionary]. Helsinki: Lexica Societatis Fenno-Ugricae 3.
  • Räsänen, Martti 1969. Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen [Attempt at an etymological dictionary of the Turkic languages]. Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura.
  • Róna-Tas A. 1962. Tibetan Loan-words in the Shera Yögur Language. Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae. Volume: 15, No: 1/3: 259-271.
  • Roos, Martina Erica 2000. The Western Yugur (Yellow Uygur) Language, Grammar, Text, Vocabulary. (Dissertation). Leiden: Rijks Üniversitesi.
  • Smedt, A. de, Mostaert, Antoine 1933. Le dialecte monguor parlé par les mongols du Kansou occidental, Dictionnaire Monguor-Français [The Monguor dialect spoken by the Mongols of Western Kansu, Monguor-French Dictionary]. Pei-pi’ng: Imprimerie de l'Université catholique.
  • Soothill, W. E., Hodous, L. 1937. A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms with Sanskrit and English Equivalents and a Sanskrit-Pali Index. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co.
  • Tenišev, E. Rahimovič 1976. Stroy sarıg-yugurskogo yazıka [The construction of Yellow Uyghur language]. Moskva: Izdatel’stvo Nauka.
  • Todaeva, B. X. 2001. Slovar’ yazıka oyratov Sin’tszyana [Dictionary of the Oirat language of Xinjiang]. Elista: Kalmıtskoe knijnoe izdatel’stvo.
  • Weidinger, Johannes T. 2002. Sacred buddhistic monuments in the Himalaya: indicators and protectors from mountainous hazards. Journal of Nepal Geological Society. Volume 26: 91-98.
  • Wilkens, Jens 2021. Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen, (Altuigurisch – Deutsch – Türkisch) / Eski Uygurcanın El Sözlüğü, (Eski Uygurca – Almanca – Türkçe) [Concise dictionary of Old Uyghur (Old Uyghur-German-Turkish)]. Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, Universitätsverlag Göttingen.
Toplam 26 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Kuzey-Doğu (Altay, Hakas, Tuva, Saha/Yakut) Türk Lehçeleri ve Edebiyatları
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Özlem Ayazlı

Gönderilme Tarihi 3 Kasım 2025
Kabul Tarihi 17 Aralık 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Ayazlı, Ö. (2025). Two Religious Loanwords from Tibetan in Yellow Uyghur: čam and chöhrten. International Journal of Old Uyghur Studies, 7(2), 378-390. https://doi.org/10.46614/ijous.1816292
AMA Ayazlı Ö. Two Religious Loanwords from Tibetan in Yellow Uyghur: čam and chöhrten. International Journal of Old Uyghur Studies. Aralık 2025;7(2):378-390. doi:10.46614/ijous.1816292
Chicago Ayazlı, Özlem. “Two Religious Loanwords from Tibetan in Yellow Uyghur: čam and chöhrten”. International Journal of Old Uyghur Studies 7, sy. 2 (Aralık 2025): 378-90. https://doi.org/10.46614/ijous.1816292.
EndNote Ayazlı Ö (01 Aralık 2025) Two Religious Loanwords from Tibetan in Yellow Uyghur: čam and chöhrten. International Journal of Old Uyghur Studies 7 2 378–390.
IEEE Ö. Ayazlı, “Two Religious Loanwords from Tibetan in Yellow Uyghur: čam and chöhrten”, International Journal of Old Uyghur Studies, c. 7, sy. 2, ss. 378–390, 2025, doi: 10.46614/ijous.1816292.
ISNAD Ayazlı, Özlem. “Two Religious Loanwords from Tibetan in Yellow Uyghur: čam and chöhrten”. International Journal of Old Uyghur Studies 7/2 (Aralık2025), 378-390. https://doi.org/10.46614/ijous.1816292.
JAMA Ayazlı Ö. Two Religious Loanwords from Tibetan in Yellow Uyghur: čam and chöhrten. International Journal of Old Uyghur Studies. 2025;7:378–390.
MLA Ayazlı, Özlem. “Two Religious Loanwords from Tibetan in Yellow Uyghur: čam and chöhrten”. International Journal of Old Uyghur Studies, c. 7, sy. 2, 2025, ss. 378-90, doi:10.46614/ijous.1816292.
Vancouver Ayazlı Ö. Two Religious Loanwords from Tibetan in Yellow Uyghur: čam and chöhrten. International Journal of Old Uyghur Studies. 2025;7(2):378-90.