Investigation of Pectin Production by Ohmic Heating Assisted Extraction Method Using Different Types of Acids from Lemon Peel Powder

Abstract

Depending on the developing technology, people's use of alternative heating methods is increasing. In the present study, a solution of lemon peel powder prepared with 3 different acids (sulphuric, hydrochloric, and nitric acid) was heated from 20 °C to 80 °C at a constant pH of 1.5, solid: liquid ratio (1:40), and a voltage gradient of 10 V/cm. It is aimed to investigate the change of electrical conductivity value and the effect of acid type on pectin yield at the end of 10 minutes of processing time at 80 °C extraction temperature. As a result of the experiments, the heating times of the samples in the ohmic heating-assisted extraction system varied between 199 and 252 s, and the electrical conductivity values varied between 0.89 and 2.10 S/m. In addition, the electrical conductivity value increased in 3 different acid types as the temperature value increased. Also, pectin yield values for 3 different acid types varied between 8.88% and 10.72%, and the highest pectin yield was obtained in the extraction process obtained from the solution prepared with sulfuric acid. It was determined that the use of different acid types had a significant effect on the heating time, electrical conductivity, and pectin yield (p<0.05) but did not have a significant effect on the heating energy and total consumed energy (p>0.05). According to the results, it has been determined that pectin extraction can be done successfully using the ohmic heating-assisted extraction system. It is expected that the data obtained from the use of current heating methods in the extraction of such products will make a serious contribution to the literature.

Keywords

• extraction
• electrical conductivity
• hydrochloric acid
• nitric acid
• sulphuric acid

Limon Kabuğu Tozundan Farklı Asit Türleri Kullanılarak Ohmik Isıtma Destekli Ekstraksiyon Yöntemi ile Pektin Üretiminin İncelenmesi

Abstract

Gelişen teknolojik durumlara bağlı olarak, insanların alternatif ısıtma yöntemleri kullanma eğilimleri artmaktadır. Mevcut çalışmada, limon kabuğu tozundan, 3 farklı asit türü (sülfirik, hidroklorik ve nitrik asit) kullanılarak ayarlanmış sabit pH 1.5 değerinde, sabit katı:sıvı oranında (1:40) ve 10 V/cm voltaj gradyanında 20 °C den 80 °C ye kadar ısıtılması ve 80 °C ekstraksiyon sıcaklığında 10 dakikalık işlem süresi sonunda elektriksel iletkenlik değerinin değişimini ve asit türünün pektin verimi üzerine etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yapılan değerlendirme sonucunda, örneklerin ohmik ısıtma destekli ekstraksiyon sisteminde ısınma sürelerinin 199 ile 252 s arasında değiştiği, elektriksel iletkenlik değerinin ise 0.89 ile 2.10 S/m arasında değiştiği belirlenmiştir. Ek olarak, sıcaklık değeri arttıkça 3 farklı asit türü içinde elektriksel iletkenlik değerinin artış gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra ohmik ısıtma destekli ekstraksiyon işlemi kullanılarak 3 farklı asit türü için % pektin verimi değerlerinin %8.88 ile %10.72 arasında değiştiği ve en yüksek pektin veriminin sülfürik asit çözeltisi kullanılarak gerçekleştirilen ekstraksiyon işleminde elde edilmiştir. Farklı asit türü kullanımının ısınma süresi, elektriksel iletkenlik ve pektin verimi üzerine anlamlı bir etkiye sahip olduğu (p<0.05), ancak ısınma enerjisi ve toplam harcanan enerji değerleri üzerine ise anlamlı bir etkiye sahip olmadığı belirlenmiştir (p>0.05). Elde edilen bulgular sonucunda ohmik ısıtma destekli ekstraksiyon sistemi kullanılarak pektin ekstraksiyon işleminin başarılı bir şekilde yapılabileceği tespit edilmiştir. Güncel ısıtma yöntemlerinin bu tarz ürünlerin ekstraksiyonunda kullanılmasının literatüre ciddi katkı sağlaması beklenmektedir.

Keywords

• ekstraksiyon
• elektriksel iletkenlik
• hidroklorik asit
• nitrik asit
• sülfirik asit

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