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Evaluation of Developments in Afghanistan in the Context of Foreign Policy and Security Issues

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 3, 135 - 158, 13.05.2020

Hasan Acar Mustafa Pekcandanoğlu

Öz

Güvenlik kavramı, günümüzde devletlerin en önemli sorun alanlarından biri haline gelmiştir. Devletler huzur ortamında yaşamak için, kendi güvenliklerini sağlamanın yanında, bölgesel ve küresel güvenliğin sağlandığından da emin olmak isteyeceklerdir. Bu noktada, dünya üzerinde güvenliği diğerlerine göre daha hassas, daha kırılgan bazı coğrafyalar karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu coğrafyalardan biri kuşkusuz Afganistan’dır. Afganistan, uzun bir süredir iç ve dış politik gelişmelere karşı hassas bir ülke haline gelmiştir. Politik istikrarsızlığın uzun sürmesi nedeniyle, başta ABD olmak üzere uluslararası örgütler söz konusu bölgede güvenliğin yeniden tesis edilmesi amacıyla bir takım faaliyetler yürütmektedir. Bu süreçte Afganistan halkının dünya üzerinde refah içerisinde yaşayan diğer halklar kadar şanslı olduğunu söylemek mümkün gözükmemektedir. Yaşanan gelişmeler nedeniyle birçok olumsuz durumla karşı karşıya kalan Afganistan halkının, yakın gelecekte refaha kavuşması, ancak birçok faktörün iyi idare edilmesi ile gerçekleşebilecektir. Güvenlik ve istikrarın yeniden sağlanmasında rol oynamaya çalışan tüm unsurların varlığı değerlendirildiğinde, bu durumun hiç kolay olmadığı anlaşılacaktır. Bu makale, Ortadoğu’da güvenlik açısından kritik bir coğrafyada var olma mücadelesi veren Afganistan’ın, iç ve dış politik gelişmeler kapsamında karşılaştığı önemli durumları izah etme amacı taşımaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Güvenlik Politikaları Afganistan Dış Politikası Kuzey Atlantik Antlaşması Örgütü Uluslararası Politika Uluslararası Güvenlik Destek Gücü

Kaynakça

  • Amadeo, Kimberly. “Afghanistan War Cost, Timeline, and Economic Impact, The Ongoing Costs of the Afghanistan War”. The Balance. April 08, 2020, https://www.thebalance.com/cost-of-afghanistan-war-timeline-economic-impact-4122493 (02.05.2020).
  • BBC News, “Uluslararası Güvenlik Destek Gücü: ISAF” August 12, 2009. https://www.bbc.com/turkce/ozeldosyalar/2009/08/090812_afghanistan_isaf (02.05.2020).
  • BBC News, “Obama to Send 30,000 More US Troops to Afghanistan” December 02, 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8388939.stm (02.05.2020).
  • Collins, Joseph J. Understanding War in Afghanistan. Washington D.C.: National Defense University Press, 2011.
  • Council Foreign Relations, “The U.S. War in Afghanistan 1999-2020”, Timeline, 2001, https://www.cfr.org/timeline/us-war-afghanistan (02.05.2020).
  • Dupree, Louis. Afghanistan. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1980.
  • Embassy of India Kabul Bilateral Brief, https://eoi.gov.in/kabul/?pdf0354?000 (02.05.2020).
  • Emma Graham-Harrison, “Afghan Taliban Send Delegation to Iran”. The Guardian, 2013. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/03/afghan-taliban-send-delegation- iran (02.05.2020).
  • Erman, Kubilayhan. “Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti Dış Politikasında Afganistan”. Karadeniz Uluslararası Bilimsel Dergi 42, (Summer-2019): 154-176.
  • Ewans, Martin. Afghanistan: A Short History of Its People and Politics. New York: Harper Perennial, 2002.
  • Euronews, “Putin: "Nato Afganistan'da bizim yerimize savaşıyor" August 2, 2012 https://tr.euronews.com/2012/08/02/putin-nato-afganistanda-bizim-yerimize-savasiyor- (02.05.2020).
  • Geçiş Sürecinde Afganistan, Afganistan ve Ötesi için Yansımalar. Panel. SETA, October 10, 2019. https://www.setav.org/etkinlikler/panel-gecis-surecinde-afganistan- afganistan-ve-otesi-icin-yansimalar/ (02,05.2020).
  • Goodhand, Jonathan and Sedra, Mark. Bargains for Peace? Aid Conditionalities and Reconstruction in Afghanistan. The Hague: Clingendael Institute, 2006.
  • Hamdam, Mohammad Shafiq. “Afganistan'ın Yanında Olmak: Stratejik Seçim”. NATO Rewiev, May 4, 2016, https://www.nato.int/docu/review/tr/articles/2016/05/04/afganistan-in-yaninda-olmak-stratejik-secim/index.html (02.05.2020).
  • Hanna, Henry Bathurst. The Second Afghan War 1878-79-80: Its Causes, Its Conduct and Its Consequences. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2019.
  • History.com editors, “U.S.-led Attack on Afghanistan Begins” A&E Television Networks, 2010. https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/u-s-led-attack-on-afghanistan- begins (02.05.2020).
  • Hollifield, Tim. “History of Afghanistan”, Defense Intelligence Agency U.S., Report. Washington D.C.: Directorate for Human Capital, 2013.
  • Katzman, Kenneth and Thomas, Clayton. “Afghanistan: Post-Taliban Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy”, Report. Congressional Research Service, RL30588, 2017.
  • Khattak, Masood Ur Rehman and Babar, Summar Iqbal. “A Critical Analysis of the Security Situation in Afghanıstan: A Way Forward”. Central Asia Journal 82. (Summer 2018): 67-88.
  • Lewis, Bernard. Ortadoğu İki Bin Yıllık Ortadoğu Tarihi. Ankara: Arkadaş, 2005.
  • Library of Congress - Federal Research Division, “Country Profile: Afghanistan”, Country Studies, 2008, https://www.loc.gov/rr/frd/cs/profiles/Afghanistan.pdf (02.05.2020).
  • Maizland, Lindsay and Laub, Zachary. “The Taliban in Afghanistan” Council on Foreign Relations, 2020. https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/taliban-afghanistan (02.05.2020).
  • Marcus, Jonathan. “Trump'ın Afganistan stratejisi ne anlama geliyor?”. BBC News. August 22, 2017, https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-dunya-41010290 (02.05.2020).
  • Rubin, Barnett R. The Fragmentation of Afghanistan, State Formation and Collapse in the International System. Lahore: Vanguard Books, 1996.
  • Rubin, Barnett R. “An Ailing America Must Not Abandon Afghanistan”. Foreignpolicy. March 26, 2020, https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/03/26/afghanistan-aid-taliban-ailing- america-must-not-abandon/ (02.05.2020).
  • Seren, Merve “NATO’nun Afganistan Gerçeğiyle Yüzleşme Zamanı”. SETA. April 29, 2017, https://www.setav.org/natonun-afganistan-gercegiyle-yuzlesme-zamani/ (02.05.2020).
  • Seren, Merve. “Trump Afganistan’da Neyi Hedefliyor?”. SETA, August 25, 2017. https://www.setav.org/trump-afganistanda-neyi-hedefliyor/ (02.05.2020).
  • Simon, Steven. “Review: Can the Right War Be Won? Defining American Interests in Afghanistan”. Foreign Affairs 88. no. 4 (July/August 2009): 130-137.
  • Son dakika haberi: Afganistan'da seçim sonuçları açıklandı. Hürriyet. February 18, 2020, https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/dunya/son-dakika-haberi-afganistanda-secim- sonuclari-aciklandi-41450152 (02.05.2020).
  • Sopko, John F. “Assessing the Capabilities and Effectiveness of the Afghan National Defense and Security Forces”. Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction (SIGAR). February 12, 2016, https://www.sigar.mil/pdf/testimony/SIGAR-16-17-TY.pdf (02.05.2020).
  • Terun, Barış. “Nükleer Özellik Taşımayan Fakat Atıldığında Ortalığı Toz Duman Eden 'Bombaların Annesi': MOAB”, Webtekno. 2017, https://www.webtekno.com/nukleer-ozellik- tasimayan-bombalarin-annesi-ortaligi-kavurdu-h27861.html (02.05.2020).
  • The 9/11 Commission Report, “Final Report of the National Commission on Terrorist attacks upon the United States”. New York and London: WW Norton and Company, 2004.
  • Volkov, Y. Gevorkyan, K. Mikhailenko, M. Polonsky, A. M. and Svetozarov, A. The Truth About Afghansitan: Documents, Facts, and Eyewitness Reports. Moscow: Novosti Press, 1980. Weinbaum, Marvin G. “Afghanistan and Its Neighbors An Ever Dangerous Neighborhood”. Special Report 162. United States Institute of Peace, June 2006. Yegin, Abdullah. “Afganistan Siyasetini Anlama Kılavuzu”. Rapor. İstanbul: SETA, 2015.

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 3, 135 - 158, 13.05.2020

Hasan Acar Mustafa Pekcandanoğlu

Öz

The concept of security has become one of the most important problem areas of states today. States will want to ensure their regional and global security as well as ensuring their own security in order to live in peace. At this point, we encounter some more sensitive and more fragile geographies in the world. One of these geographies is undoubtedly Afghanistan. Afghanistan has long been a sensitive country to domestic and foreign political developments. Due to the long political instability, international organizations, especially the USA, are carrying out some activities to restore security in the region. In this process, it does not seem possible to say that the people of Afghanistan are as lucky as other peoples living in the world. The Afghan people, who are faced with many negative situations due to the developments, will have prosperity in the near future, but it can only be achieved through good management of many factors. Considering the existence of all the elements trying to play a role in restoring security and stability, it will be understood that this situation is not easy at all. This article aims to explain the important situations faced by Afghanistan, which struggles to exist in a security-critical geography in the Middle East, within the context of domestic and foreign political developments.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Security Policies Afghanistan Foreign Policy North Atlantic Treaty Organization International Policy International Security Assistance Force

Kaynakça

  • Amadeo, Kimberly. “Afghanistan War Cost, Timeline, and Economic Impact, The Ongoing Costs of the Afghanistan War”. The Balance. April 08, 2020, https://www.thebalance.com/cost-of-afghanistan-war-timeline-economic-impact-4122493 (02.05.2020).
  • BBC News, “Uluslararası Güvenlik Destek Gücü: ISAF” August 12, 2009. https://www.bbc.com/turkce/ozeldosyalar/2009/08/090812_afghanistan_isaf (02.05.2020).
  • BBC News, “Obama to Send 30,000 More US Troops to Afghanistan” December 02, 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8388939.stm (02.05.2020).
  • Collins, Joseph J. Understanding War in Afghanistan. Washington D.C.: National Defense University Press, 2011.
  • Council Foreign Relations, “The U.S. War in Afghanistan 1999-2020”, Timeline, 2001, https://www.cfr.org/timeline/us-war-afghanistan (02.05.2020).
  • Dupree, Louis. Afghanistan. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1980.
  • Embassy of India Kabul Bilateral Brief, https://eoi.gov.in/kabul/?pdf0354?000 (02.05.2020).
  • Emma Graham-Harrison, “Afghan Taliban Send Delegation to Iran”. The Guardian, 2013. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/03/afghan-taliban-send-delegation- iran (02.05.2020).
  • Erman, Kubilayhan. “Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti Dış Politikasında Afganistan”. Karadeniz Uluslararası Bilimsel Dergi 42, (Summer-2019): 154-176.
  • Ewans, Martin. Afghanistan: A Short History of Its People and Politics. New York: Harper Perennial, 2002.
  • Euronews, “Putin: "Nato Afganistan'da bizim yerimize savaşıyor" August 2, 2012 https://tr.euronews.com/2012/08/02/putin-nato-afganistanda-bizim-yerimize-savasiyor- (02.05.2020).
  • Geçiş Sürecinde Afganistan, Afganistan ve Ötesi için Yansımalar. Panel. SETA, October 10, 2019. https://www.setav.org/etkinlikler/panel-gecis-surecinde-afganistan- afganistan-ve-otesi-icin-yansimalar/ (02,05.2020).
  • Goodhand, Jonathan and Sedra, Mark. Bargains for Peace? Aid Conditionalities and Reconstruction in Afghanistan. The Hague: Clingendael Institute, 2006.
  • Hamdam, Mohammad Shafiq. “Afganistan'ın Yanında Olmak: Stratejik Seçim”. NATO Rewiev, May 4, 2016, https://www.nato.int/docu/review/tr/articles/2016/05/04/afganistan-in-yaninda-olmak-stratejik-secim/index.html (02.05.2020).
  • Hanna, Henry Bathurst. The Second Afghan War 1878-79-80: Its Causes, Its Conduct and Its Consequences. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2019.
  • History.com editors, “U.S.-led Attack on Afghanistan Begins” A&E Television Networks, 2010. https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/u-s-led-attack-on-afghanistan- begins (02.05.2020).
  • Hollifield, Tim. “History of Afghanistan”, Defense Intelligence Agency U.S., Report. Washington D.C.: Directorate for Human Capital, 2013.
  • Katzman, Kenneth and Thomas, Clayton. “Afghanistan: Post-Taliban Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy”, Report. Congressional Research Service, RL30588, 2017.
  • Khattak, Masood Ur Rehman and Babar, Summar Iqbal. “A Critical Analysis of the Security Situation in Afghanıstan: A Way Forward”. Central Asia Journal 82. (Summer 2018): 67-88.
  • Lewis, Bernard. Ortadoğu İki Bin Yıllık Ortadoğu Tarihi. Ankara: Arkadaş, 2005.
  • Library of Congress - Federal Research Division, “Country Profile: Afghanistan”, Country Studies, 2008, https://www.loc.gov/rr/frd/cs/profiles/Afghanistan.pdf (02.05.2020).
  • Maizland, Lindsay and Laub, Zachary. “The Taliban in Afghanistan” Council on Foreign Relations, 2020. https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/taliban-afghanistan (02.05.2020).
  • Marcus, Jonathan. “Trump'ın Afganistan stratejisi ne anlama geliyor?”. BBC News. August 22, 2017, https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-dunya-41010290 (02.05.2020).
  • Rubin, Barnett R. The Fragmentation of Afghanistan, State Formation and Collapse in the International System. Lahore: Vanguard Books, 1996.
  • Rubin, Barnett R. “An Ailing America Must Not Abandon Afghanistan”. Foreignpolicy. March 26, 2020, https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/03/26/afghanistan-aid-taliban-ailing- america-must-not-abandon/ (02.05.2020).
  • Seren, Merve “NATO’nun Afganistan Gerçeğiyle Yüzleşme Zamanı”. SETA. April 29, 2017, https://www.setav.org/natonun-afganistan-gercegiyle-yuzlesme-zamani/ (02.05.2020).
  • Seren, Merve. “Trump Afganistan’da Neyi Hedefliyor?”. SETA, August 25, 2017. https://www.setav.org/trump-afganistanda-neyi-hedefliyor/ (02.05.2020).
  • Simon, Steven. “Review: Can the Right War Be Won? Defining American Interests in Afghanistan”. Foreign Affairs 88. no. 4 (July/August 2009): 130-137.
  • Son dakika haberi: Afganistan'da seçim sonuçları açıklandı. Hürriyet. February 18, 2020, https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/dunya/son-dakika-haberi-afganistanda-secim- sonuclari-aciklandi-41450152 (02.05.2020).
  • Sopko, John F. “Assessing the Capabilities and Effectiveness of the Afghan National Defense and Security Forces”. Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction (SIGAR). February 12, 2016, https://www.sigar.mil/pdf/testimony/SIGAR-16-17-TY.pdf (02.05.2020).
  • Terun, Barış. “Nükleer Özellik Taşımayan Fakat Atıldığında Ortalığı Toz Duman Eden 'Bombaların Annesi': MOAB”, Webtekno. 2017, https://www.webtekno.com/nukleer-ozellik- tasimayan-bombalarin-annesi-ortaligi-kavurdu-h27861.html (02.05.2020).
  • The 9/11 Commission Report, “Final Report of the National Commission on Terrorist attacks upon the United States”. New York and London: WW Norton and Company, 2004.
  • Volkov, Y. Gevorkyan, K. Mikhailenko, M. Polonsky, A. M. and Svetozarov, A. The Truth About Afghansitan: Documents, Facts, and Eyewitness Reports. Moscow: Novosti Press, 1980. Weinbaum, Marvin G. “Afghanistan and Its Neighbors An Ever Dangerous Neighborhood”. Special Report 162. United States Institute of Peace, June 2006. Yegin, Abdullah. “Afganistan Siyasetini Anlama Kılavuzu”. Rapor. İstanbul: SETA, 2015.
Toplam 33 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Siyaset Bilimi, Uluslararası İlişkiler
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Hasan Acar 0000-0001-8956-7836

Mustafa Pekcandanoğlu Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-1776-6673

Yayımlanma Tarihi 13 Mayıs 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 2 Mayıs 2020
Kabul Tarihi 7 Mayıs 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

Chicago Acar, Hasan, ve Mustafa Pekcandanoğlu. “Evaluation of Developments in Afghanistan in the Context of Foreign Policy and Security Issues”. International Journal of Politics and Security 2, sy. 3 (Mayıs 2020): 135-58.
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