Dynamic Demand Balancing Using DSM Techniques in a Grid-Connected Hybrid System

Abstract

This paper confers the control strategies in balancing the dynamic demand (DD) considering a grid connected hybrid system using Demand side management (DSM) techniques. Power generation and energy needs of consumers will always be uneven; there exists a mismatch between two terms. The hybrid energy system (HES) that carries the best features of both conventional and non conventional energy resources supplies unstable power. This instability is due to the renewable energy system (RES) penetration which is highly intermittent and non reliable. This instability also causes phase shift in voltage and current waveforms causing reactive power penetration to the electric grid leading to voltage/frequency imbalance. By means of DSM control strategies the power in the grid is made reliable with improved quality. Using proper switching tactics with Power electronic controllers for Synchronizing devices, the lead lag active and reactive power is controlled with variable connected load. The entire creature of control is integrated with the smart meters. Modeling and simulations were done in MATLAB/Simulink. The simulations were presented to evaluate the dynamic performance of the hybrid system under proposed demand balancing methodology.

Keywords

• Demand side management (DSM); Dynamic demand; Demand Response; Grid connected Hybrid system; Battery energy storage (BES); Renewable energy system (RES).

Kaynakça

1. Seul Ki Kim, Jin Hong Jeon, Chang Hee Cho, Jong Bo Ahn, and Sae Hyuk Kwon, “Dynamic Modeling and control of a Grid- connected Hybrid generation system with versatile power transfer,” IEEE transactions on industrial electronics, vol. 55, no. 4, April 2008.
2. Francois Giraudand Zyiad M. Salameh, “Steady- State Performance of a Grid-connected rooftop hybrid wind- photovoltaic power system with battery storage,” IEEE transactions on energy conversion, vol. 16, no. 1, March 2001.
3. Jaya Krishnan R. Pillai, Kai Heussen, Poul Alberg Ostergaard, “Comparative analysis of hourly and dynamic power balancing models for validating future energy scenarios,” Energy 36 (2011), pp. 3233-3243.
4. Onur Elma, Ugur Savas Selamogullari, “A comparative sizing analysis of a renewable energy supplied stand- alone house considering both demand side and source side dynamics,” Applied Energy 96 (2012),pp. 400–408.
5. D. Yamegueu, Y. Azoumah, X. Py, N. Zongo, “Experimental study of electricity generation by Solar PV/diesel hybrid systems without battery storage for off- grid areas,” Renewable Energy 36 (2011) 1780-1787.
6. Maria Stefania Carmeli , Francesco Castelli-Dezza, Marco Mauri, Gabriele Marchegiani, Daniele Rosati, “Control strategies and configurations of hybrid distributed generation systems,” Renewable Energy 41 (2012),pp. 294-305.
7. M. Kalantar, S.M. Mousavi G., “Dynamic behavior of a stand-alone hybrid power generation system of wind turbine, Micro turbine, solar array and battery storage,” Applied Energy 87 (2010),pp. 3051–3064.
8. L.C.M. Blasques, J.T. Pinho, “Metering systems and demand-side management models applied to hybrid renewable energy systems in micro-grid configuration,” Energy Policy 45 (2012),pp. 721–729.

9. S. Diaf, G. Notton, M. Belhamel, M. Haddadi, A.Louche, “Design and techno-economical optimization for hybrid PV/wind system under various meteorological conditions,” Applied Energy 85 (2008),pp. 968–987.
10. M. Uzunoglu, O.C. Onar, M.S. Alam, “Modeling, control and simulation of a PV/FC/UC based hybrid power generation system for stand-alone applications,” Renewable Energy 34 (2009),pp. 509–520.
11. Shafiqur Rehman, Md. Mahbub Alam, J.P. Meyer, Luai M. Al-Hadhrami, “Feasibility study of a wind-pv-diesel hybrid power system for a village,” Renewable Energy 38 (2012),pp. 258-268.
12. B. Sedaghat, A. Jalilvand, R. Noroozian, “Design of a multilevel control strategy for integration of stand-alone wind/diesel system,” Electrical Power and Energy Systems 35 (2012),pp. 123–137.
13. Amin Hajizadeh, Masoud Aliakbar Golkar, “Control of hybrid fuel cell/energy storage distributed generation system against voltage sag,” Electrical Power and Energy Systems 32 (2010),pp. 488–497.
14. Ali Al-Alawi, S.M Islam, “Demand side management for remote area power supply systems incorporating solar irradiance model,” Renewable Energy 29 (2004), pp. 2027–2036.
15. A.N. Celik, “Effect of different load profiles on the loss- of-load probability of stand-alone photovoltaic systems,” Renewable Energy 32 (2007),pp. 2096–2115.
16. Hussein. A. Attia, “Mathematical Formulation of the Demand Side Management (DSM) Problem and its Optimal Solution,” Proceedings of the 14th MEPCON’10, Cairo University, Egypt, December 19-21, 2010, Paper ID 314.