Optimization of Parameters for Purification of Jatropha Curcas Based Biodiesel using Organic Adsorbents

Abstract

This paper discusses purification of biodiesel by using organic adsorbents instead of traditional water washing technique. The efficiency of different organic adsorbents under different conditions was compared with each other as well as traditional water washed biodiesel for the purification of Jatropha Curcas based transesterified biodiesel. The proposed methodologies were based on the use of Amberlite BD10 DRY, Purolite PD 206and Tulison T-45BD as adsorbents. The response of each adsorbent was measured through the determination of all the potential impurities like, free alkali, residual alcohol, moisture content, soap content and free and bonded glycerol; present in the biodiesel as per ASTM/EN Standard test method. As a result, it is observed that increasing the temperature from room temperature to 65° C decreases the time of contact as well as the amount of adsorbent required for the removal of impurities. On comparing the results of conventional acid water washing with that of organic adsorbents (at 3% (w/w) concentration with stirring time 25 min at 65°C), these matrices are found to be equally appropriate for the removal of contaminant species from biodiesel. The values for free potassium, residual methanol and free and bonded glycerol are found within the EN 14214 maximum limits.

Keywords

• biodiesel; dry wash; Amberlite BD-10 Dry; Purolite PD-206; Tulison T-45BD

Kaynakça

1. K. Pramanik, "Properties and use of Jatropha curcas oil and diesel fuel blends in compression ignition engine", Renewable Energy, 2: 239-248, 2003.
2. S. Shah, A. Sharma and MN. Guptha, "Extraction of oil from Jatropha curcas L. seed kernels by enzyme assisted three phase partitioning", Industrial Crops and Products, 20: 275-279, 2004.
3. A.K. Tiwari, A. Kumar and H. Raheman, "Biodiesel production from Jatropha oil (Jatropha curcas) with high free fatty acids: An optimized process", Biomass Bioenergy, 31: 569-575, 2007.
4. H.J. Berchmans and S. Hirata, "Biodiesel production from crude Jatropha curcas L. seed oil with a high content of free fatty acids", Bioresource Technology, 99: 1716-1721. 2008
5. E. Akbar, Z. Yaakob, S.K. Kamarudin, M. Ismail and J. Salimon, "Characteristic and Composition of Jatropha Curcas Oil seed from Malaysia and its potential as biodiesel feedstock", European Journal of Scientific Research, 29: 396-403, 2009.
6. E. Crabbe, C.N. Nolasco Hipolito, G. Kobayashi, K. Sonomoto and A. Ishizaki, "Biodiesel production from crude palm oil and evaluation of butanol extraction and fuel properties", Process Biochemistry, 37: 65-71, 2001.
7. B. Freedman, E.H. Pryde and T.L. Mounts, "Variables affecting the yields of fatty acid esters from transesterifred vegetable oils", Journal of American Oil Chemical Society, 61: 1638-1643, 1984.
8. M. Mittelbach, B. Pokits and A. Silberholz, "Diesel fuel derived from vegetable oils, IV: Production and fuel properties of fatty acid methyl esters from used frying oil. Liquid fuels from renewable resources", Proceedings of the alternative energy conference, Michigan (USA): American Society of Agricultural Engineers, pp. 74, 1994.

9. L. Yingying, L. Houfang and L. Bin., "Effect of water on the pre esterification of Jatropha curcas L. Oil for biodiesel production", Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy, 3: 342-347, 2009.
10. J.Y. Park, Z.M. Wang, D.K. Kim and J.S. Lee, "Effects of water on the esterification of free fatty acids by acid catalysts", Renewable Energy, 35:614-618, 2010.
11. J.C. Yori, S.A. D'Ippolito, C.L. Pieck and C.R. Vera, "Deglycerolization of biodiesel streams by adsorption over silica beds", Energy Fuels, 21:347-353, 2007.
12. P. Bondioli, and L.D. Bella, "An alternative spectrophotometric method for the determination of free glycerol in biodiesel", European Journal of Lipid Science Technology, 107:153-157, 2005.
13. M. Mittelbach, "Diesel fuel derived from vegetable oils, VI: Specifications and quality control of biodiesel", Bioresource Technology, 56:7-11, 1996.
14. Z.J. Predojevic, "The production of biodiesel from waste frying oils: A comparison of different purification steps", Fuel, 87: 3522-3528, 2008.
15. M. Hajimahmoodi, Y.V. Heyden, N. Sadeghi, B. Jannat, M.R. Oveisi and S. Shahbazian, "Gas- chromatographic fatty-acid fingerprints and partial least squares modeling as a basis for the simultaneous determination of edible oil mixtures", Talanta, 66:1108-1116, 2005
16. R.M. Joshi and M.J. Pegg, "Flow properties of biodiesel fuel blends at low temperatures", .Fuel, 86:143-151, 2007.
17. W.Y. Zhou and D.G.B. Boocock, "Phase behavior of the base catalyzed transesterification of soybean oil", Journal of American Oil Chemical Society, 83:1041-1045, 2006.
18. Maria M. Bubble, Washing biodiesel and dealing with wash problems, http://www.biodieselcommunity.org
19. T. Bryan, Biodiesel Magazine http://www.biodiesel magazine.com
20. B.S. Cooke, C. Abrams and B. Bertram, Purification of biodiesel with adsorbent materials, US Patent 0509959P, 2003.
21. K.T. Kucek, M.A.T. César-Oliveira, M.H. Wilhelm and L. Ramos, "Ethanolysis of Refined soybean oil assisted by sodium and potassium hydroxides", Journal of American Oil Chemical Society, 84: 385-392, 2007.
22. F. Karaosmanoglu, K.B. Cigizoglu, M. Tuter and S. Ertekin, Investigation of the refining step of biodiesel production, Energy Fuels, 10: 890-895, 1996.
23. J. Wall and J.V. Grepen, Comparison of methods for the purification of Biodiesel. Thesis Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of science, University of Idaho, 2009.
24. C.S. Faccini. "Dry washing in biodiesel purification: A comparative study of adsorbents", Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 22: 558-563, 2011.