Impact of Ultra-Capacitor Sizing Optimization on Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicle
Yıl 2015,
Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 151 - 159, 01.03.2015
İslem Lachhab
Lotfi Krıchen
Öz
Fuel Cell/Ultra-Capacitor vehicle is a hybrid system, where the two energy sources produce electricity to supply the traction motors. An accurate sizing is a key factor to achieve the driving performances and the economical viability. The Fuel Cell (FC) is the main energy source; it ought to be able to supply power during steady speed. The hydrogen tank is sized depending on the required autonomy. The Ultra-capacitor (UC), as a second energy source, assists the FC during fast power demand periods and recovers the braking energy. Two different methods for UC sizing are presented in this paper: (1) a full sizing where the UC is capable to deliver the total energy needed during the maximum acceleration and (2) an optimized sizing where the FC participates with the UC to realize the maximum acceleration. The FC/UC vehicle system is modelled and simulated using a random drive cycle. Simulation results obtained with the two sizing methods demonstrate a compromise between the UC size and the FC durability.
Kaynakça
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- Minimization of Hydrogen Consumption”, IEEE Trans Vehicular Technology 2009, 58(7):3168-3176.
- Piyush Bubna, Doug Brunner, John J. Gangloff Jr., Suresh G. Advani, Ajay K. Prasad, “Analysis, operation and maintenance of a fuel cell/battery series-hybrid bus for urban transit applications”, Journal of Power Sources 2010, 195: 3939–3949.
- Alireza Payman, Serge Pierfederici, Farid Meibody - Tabar, “Energy control of supercapacitor/fuel cell hybrid power source”, Energy Conversion and Management 2008, 49: 1637–1644.
- Bin Wang, Zhongping Yang, Fei Lin and Wei Zhao, “An Improved Genetic Algorithm for Optimal Stationary Energy Storage System Locating and Sizing”, doi:10.3390/en7106434. 2014, 7, 6434-6458;
- Bo Long, Shin Teak Lim, Zhi Feng Bai, Ji Hyoung Ryu, Kil To Chong, “Energy Management and Control of Electric Vehicles, Using Hybrid Power Source in Regenerative Braking Operation”, Energies 2014,7,4300-4315; doi:10.3390/en7074300
- Lei Zhang, Zhenpo Wang, Fengchun Sun, David G. Dorrell, Ultracapacitor Models Usin the Extended Kalman Filter”, doi:10.3390/en7053204.
- Identification of Energies 2014, 7, 3204-3217;
- Y. Eren, O. Erdinc, H. Gorgun, M. Uzunoglu, B. Vural, “A fuzzy logic based supervisory controller for an International jorrnal of hydrogen energy 34 (2009) 8681–8694. vehicular power system”,
- Alexandre Ravey, Nicolas Watrin, Benjamin Blunier, David Bouquain, Abdellatif Miraoui, “Energy-Source- Sizing Methodology for Hybrid Fuel Cell Vehicles Based on Statistical Description of Driving Cycles”, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Vol. 60, No. 9, November 2011.
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- Liangfei Xu, Minggao Ouyang, Jianqiu Li, Fuyuan Yang, Languang Lu, Jianfeng Hua, “Optimal sizing of plug-in fuel cell electric vehicles using models of vehicle performance and system cost”, Applied Energy 103 (2013) 477–487.
- Xiaolan Wu, Binggang Cao, Xueyan Li, Jun Xu, Xiaolong Ren, “Component sizing optimization of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles”, Applied Energy 88 (2011) 799–804.
- Nikolce Murgovski, Lars Johannesson, Jonas Sjöberg, Bo Egardt, “Component sizing of a plug-in hybrid electric Mechatronics 22 (2012) 106–120.
- Islem Lachhab, Lotfi Krichen, “An improved energy management strategy for FC/UC hybrid electric vehicles propelled by motor-wheels”, International journal of hydrogen energy 39 (2014) 571-581.
- Ying Wu, Hongwei Gao, ‘‘Optimization of Fuel Cell and Supercapacitor for Fuel-Cell Electric Vehicles’’, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Vol. 55, No. 6, November 2006.
- http://www.afhypac.org/, Association Française pour l'Hydrogène et les Piles à Combustible.
- www.eere.energy.gov
- Thomas G. Kreutz, Joan M. Ogden, “Assesment of hydrogen-fuled proton exchange membrane fuel cells for Proceedings of the 2000 U.S. DOE Hydrogen Program Review NREL/CP-570-28890.
- Farshid Mostofi, Hossein Shayeghi, “ Feasibility and Optimal Reliable Design of Renewable Hybrid Energy System for Rural Electrification in Iran”, International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, Vol.2, No.4, 2012
- Andrew Burke, “Ultracapacitor Technologies and Application in Hybrid and Electric Vehicles”, International Journal of Energy Research, July 2
Yıl 2015,
Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 151 - 159, 01.03.2015
İslem Lachhab
Lotfi Krıchen
Kaynakça
- Piyush Bubna, Doug Brunner, Suresh G. Advani, Ajay K. management in a fuel cell/battery plug-in hybrid vehicle”, Journal of Power Sources 2010, 195: 6699– 6708. optimal power
- Toufik Azib, Olivier Bethoux, Ghislain Remy, Claude Marchand , “Saturation Management of a Controlled Fuel-Cell/Ultracapacitor Hybrid Vehicle”, IEEE Trans Vehicular Technology 2011, 60(9):4127-4138.
- C.H. Zheng, C.E. Oh, Y.I. Park, S.W. Cha, ‘‘Fuel economy evaluation of fuel cell hybrid vehicles based on equivalent fuel consumption’’, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2012, 37: 1790-1979.
- O. Erdinc, B. Vural, M. Uzunoglu, Y. Ates, ‘‘Modeling and analysis of an FC/UC hybrid vehicular power system using a wavelet-fuzzy logic based load sharing and control algorithm’’, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2009, 34: 5223–5233.
- R. Govindarasu, R. Parthiban, P.K. Bhaba, “ Investigation of Flow Mal-distribution in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Stack”, International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, Vol.2, No.4, 2012.
- Savvas Tsotoulidis, Athanasios Safacas, “ Analysis of a Drive System in a Fuel Cell and Battery powered Electric Vehicle”, International Journal Of Renewable Energy Research, IJRER, Vol.1, No3, pp.31-42 ,2011. [7] Erik Schaltz, Alireza Khaligh, Peter Omand Rasmussen, “Influence of Battery/Ultracapacitor Energy-Storage Sizing on Battery Lifetime in a Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicle”, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Vol. 58, No. 8, October 2009.
- M.C. Kisacikoglu, M. Uzunoglu, M.S. Alam, “Load sharing using fuzzy logic control in a fuel cell/ultracapacitor hybrid vehicle”, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2009, 34: 1497–1507.
- M. Uzunoglu, M.S. Alam, “ Dynamic modeling, design and simulation of a PEM fuel cell/ultra-capacitor hybrid system for vehicular applications”, Energy Conversion and Management, 48 (2007) 1544–1553.
- Elham Hosseinzadeh, Masoud Rokni, Suresh G. Advani, Ajay K. Prasad, “Performance simulation and analysis of a fuel cell/battery hybrid forklift truck”, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2013, 38 (11):4241-4249.
- Phatiphat Thounthong, Stéphane Rael, Bernard Davat, ‘‘Analysis of Supercapacitor as Second Source Based on Fuel Cell Power Generation’’, IEEE Trans Energy Conversion 2009, 24(1): 247-255.
- Jérôme Bernard, Sebastien Delprat, Felix N. Büchi, and Thierry Marie Guerra, “Fuel-Cell Hybrid Powertrain: Toward
- Minimization of Hydrogen Consumption”, IEEE Trans Vehicular Technology 2009, 58(7):3168-3176.
- Piyush Bubna, Doug Brunner, John J. Gangloff Jr., Suresh G. Advani, Ajay K. Prasad, “Analysis, operation and maintenance of a fuel cell/battery series-hybrid bus for urban transit applications”, Journal of Power Sources 2010, 195: 3939–3949.
- Alireza Payman, Serge Pierfederici, Farid Meibody - Tabar, “Energy control of supercapacitor/fuel cell hybrid power source”, Energy Conversion and Management 2008, 49: 1637–1644.
- Bin Wang, Zhongping Yang, Fei Lin and Wei Zhao, “An Improved Genetic Algorithm for Optimal Stationary Energy Storage System Locating and Sizing”, doi:10.3390/en7106434. 2014, 7, 6434-6458;
- Bo Long, Shin Teak Lim, Zhi Feng Bai, Ji Hyoung Ryu, Kil To Chong, “Energy Management and Control of Electric Vehicles, Using Hybrid Power Source in Regenerative Braking Operation”, Energies 2014,7,4300-4315; doi:10.3390/en7074300
- Lei Zhang, Zhenpo Wang, Fengchun Sun, David G. Dorrell, Ultracapacitor Models Usin the Extended Kalman Filter”, doi:10.3390/en7053204.
- Identification of Energies 2014, 7, 3204-3217;
- Y. Eren, O. Erdinc, H. Gorgun, M. Uzunoglu, B. Vural, “A fuzzy logic based supervisory controller for an International jorrnal of hydrogen energy 34 (2009) 8681–8694. vehicular power system”,
- Alexandre Ravey, Nicolas Watrin, Benjamin Blunier, David Bouquain, Abdellatif Miraoui, “Energy-Source- Sizing Methodology for Hybrid Fuel Cell Vehicles Based on Statistical Description of Driving Cycles”, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Vol. 60, No. 9, November 2011.
- Q. Cai, D.J.L. Brett, D. Browning, N.P. Brandon, “A sizing-design methodology for hybrid fuel cell power systems and its application to an unmanned underwater vehicle”, Journal of Power Sources 195 (2010) 6559–6569.
- Liangfei Xu, Minggao Ouyang, Jianqiu Li, Fuyuan Yang, Languang Lu, Jianfeng Hua, “Optimal sizing of plug-in fuel cell electric vehicles using models of vehicle performance and system cost”, Applied Energy 103 (2013) 477–487.
- Xiaolan Wu, Binggang Cao, Xueyan Li, Jun Xu, Xiaolong Ren, “Component sizing optimization of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles”, Applied Energy 88 (2011) 799–804.
- Nikolce Murgovski, Lars Johannesson, Jonas Sjöberg, Bo Egardt, “Component sizing of a plug-in hybrid electric Mechatronics 22 (2012) 106–120.
- Islem Lachhab, Lotfi Krichen, “An improved energy management strategy for FC/UC hybrid electric vehicles propelled by motor-wheels”, International journal of hydrogen energy 39 (2014) 571-581.
- Ying Wu, Hongwei Gao, ‘‘Optimization of Fuel Cell and Supercapacitor for Fuel-Cell Electric Vehicles’’, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Vol. 55, No. 6, November 2006.
- http://www.afhypac.org/, Association Française pour l'Hydrogène et les Piles à Combustible.
- www.eere.energy.gov
- Thomas G. Kreutz, Joan M. Ogden, “Assesment of hydrogen-fuled proton exchange membrane fuel cells for Proceedings of the 2000 U.S. DOE Hydrogen Program Review NREL/CP-570-28890.
- Farshid Mostofi, Hossein Shayeghi, “ Feasibility and Optimal Reliable Design of Renewable Hybrid Energy System for Rural Electrification in Iran”, International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, Vol.2, No.4, 2012
- Andrew Burke, “Ultracapacitor Technologies and Application in Hybrid and Electric Vehicles”, International Journal of Energy Research, July 2