BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Energy Characteristics of Five Indigenous Tree Species at Kitulangalo Forest Reserve in Morogoro, Tanzania.

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 4, 1078 - 1084, 01.12.2014

Öz

This study presents the investigation of material composition and energy characteristics of B. spiciformis, B. boehmii, C. molle, P. maprouneifolia, and S. birrea indigenous tree species at kitulangalo forest reserve in Tanzania. The energy content of the individual species is largely dependent on its chemical composition (C, H and O) and it is negatively affected by the inclusion of inorganic elements and moisture. Biomass chemical composition was done by proximate and ultimate analyses. On the basis of elemental composition, P. maprouneifolia and C. molle exhibited high energy content of 18.62 and 18.30 MJ/Kg, respectively due to their higher H:C ratio and relatively low O:C ratio. Carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen were found to be highest in P. maprouneifolia with 46.71, 41.96, and 5.7%, respectively. In contrast, P. maprouneifolia had the lowest N:C ratio of 0.014, implying good efficiency for nitrogen use to fix carbon. On the other hand, ash, moisture, and volatiles were highest at 4, 55, and 85% for S. birrea, B. spiciformis, and S. birrea, correspondingly.The ratio of macronutrients to carbon for each species was also calculated. Results show that all species have high demand for nitrogen followed by potassium and calcium, in that order.  Finally, heating values have been shown to decrease with increasing moisture content. These experimental findings form a basis for ranking these materials for energy generation. They also provide vital biomass information equipment and process designers.

Kaynakça

  • Facts G. Scientific Facts on Forests and Energy 2010. Available from: http://www.greenfacts.org/.
  • National-Energy-Policy. Tanzania National Energy Policy. In: Minerals MoEa, editor. Dar es salaam2003.
  • Malimbwi R. E , Zahabu E, Kajembe G. C, Luoga E.J. Contribution of Charcoal Extraction to Deforestation: Experience from CHAPOSA Research Project. 2000.
  • Wilson L, Yang W, Blasiak W, John GR, Mhilu CF. Thermal characterization of tropical biomass feedstocks. Energy Conversion and Management. 2011;52(1):191-8.
  • Vassilev S.V, Baxter D, Andersen L.K, Vassileva C.G. An overview of the chemical composition of biomass. Fuel. 2010;89(5):913-33.
  • Msanya B, Kimaro D, Shayo-Ngowi A. Soils of Kitulangalo Forest reserve area, Morogoro District, Tanzania. SUA, Department of Soil Science. 1995.
  • Elifuraha E, Nöjd P, Mbwambo L. Short term growth of miombo tree species at Kitulangalo. Working Papers of the Finnish Forest Research Institute 98: 37–45. 2008.
  • Nduwamungu J. Tree and shrub diversity in Miombo woodland: A case study at SUA Kitulangalo Forest Reserve, Morogoro, Tanzania. Unpublished MSc Dissertation, Sokoine University of Agriculture. 1996.
  • Malimbwi R.E, Zahabu E, Monela G, Misana S, Jambiya G, Mchome B. Charcoal potential of Miombo woodlands at Kitulangalo, Tanzania. Journal of Tropical Forest Science. 2005:197-210.
  • Hammarstrand L, Särnberger A. Comparative evaluation of two forest systems under different management regimes in Miombo woodlands. Unpublished MSc Dissertation: Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.; 2013.
  • Motsara M, Roy RN. Guide to laboratory establishment for plant nutrient analysis: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome; 2008.
  • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Methodology for Thermal Efficiency and Energy Input Calculations and Analysis of Biomass Cogeneration Unit Characteristics In: Radiation OoAa, editor.: U.S Environmental Protection Agency; 2013.
  • Francescato V, Krajnc N. Wood fuels handbook: AIEL- Italian Agriforestry Energy Association; 2009.
  • Neves D, Thunman H, Matos A, Tarelho L, Gómez- Barea A. Characterization and prediction of biomass pyrolysis products. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science. 2011;37(5):611-30.
Yıl 2014, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 4, 1078 - 1084, 01.12.2014

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Facts G. Scientific Facts on Forests and Energy 2010. Available from: http://www.greenfacts.org/.
  • National-Energy-Policy. Tanzania National Energy Policy. In: Minerals MoEa, editor. Dar es salaam2003.
  • Malimbwi R. E , Zahabu E, Kajembe G. C, Luoga E.J. Contribution of Charcoal Extraction to Deforestation: Experience from CHAPOSA Research Project. 2000.
  • Wilson L, Yang W, Blasiak W, John GR, Mhilu CF. Thermal characterization of tropical biomass feedstocks. Energy Conversion and Management. 2011;52(1):191-8.
  • Vassilev S.V, Baxter D, Andersen L.K, Vassileva C.G. An overview of the chemical composition of biomass. Fuel. 2010;89(5):913-33.
  • Msanya B, Kimaro D, Shayo-Ngowi A. Soils of Kitulangalo Forest reserve area, Morogoro District, Tanzania. SUA, Department of Soil Science. 1995.
  • Elifuraha E, Nöjd P, Mbwambo L. Short term growth of miombo tree species at Kitulangalo. Working Papers of the Finnish Forest Research Institute 98: 37–45. 2008.
  • Nduwamungu J. Tree and shrub diversity in Miombo woodland: A case study at SUA Kitulangalo Forest Reserve, Morogoro, Tanzania. Unpublished MSc Dissertation, Sokoine University of Agriculture. 1996.
  • Malimbwi R.E, Zahabu E, Monela G, Misana S, Jambiya G, Mchome B. Charcoal potential of Miombo woodlands at Kitulangalo, Tanzania. Journal of Tropical Forest Science. 2005:197-210.
  • Hammarstrand L, Särnberger A. Comparative evaluation of two forest systems under different management regimes in Miombo woodlands. Unpublished MSc Dissertation: Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.; 2013.
  • Motsara M, Roy RN. Guide to laboratory establishment for plant nutrient analysis: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome; 2008.
  • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Methodology for Thermal Efficiency and Energy Input Calculations and Analysis of Biomass Cogeneration Unit Characteristics In: Radiation OoAa, editor.: U.S Environmental Protection Agency; 2013.
  • Francescato V, Krajnc N. Wood fuels handbook: AIEL- Italian Agriforestry Energy Association; 2009.
  • Neves D, Thunman H, Matos A, Tarelho L, Gómez- Barea A. Characterization and prediction of biomass pyrolysis products. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science. 2011;37(5):611-30.
Toplam 14 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Articles
Yazarlar

Christopher Thomas Warburg Bu kişi benim

Cecil Kithongo King'ondu Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Aralık 2014
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2014 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Warburg, C. T., & King'ondu, C. K. (2014). Energy Characteristics of Five Indigenous Tree Species at Kitulangalo Forest Reserve in Morogoro, Tanzania. International Journal Of Renewable Energy Research, 4(4), 1078-1084.
AMA Warburg CT, King'ondu CK. Energy Characteristics of Five Indigenous Tree Species at Kitulangalo Forest Reserve in Morogoro, Tanzania. International Journal Of Renewable Energy Research. Aralık 2014;4(4):1078-1084.
Chicago Warburg, Christopher Thomas, ve Cecil Kithongo King'ondu. “ Tanzania”. International Journal Of Renewable Energy Research 4, sy. 4 (Aralık 2014): 1078-84.
EndNote Warburg CT, King'ondu CK (01 Aralık 2014) Energy Characteristics of Five Indigenous Tree Species at Kitulangalo Forest Reserve in Morogoro, Tanzania. International Journal Of Renewable Energy Research 4 4 1078–1084.
IEEE C. T. Warburg ve C. K. King'ondu, “ Tanzania”., International Journal Of Renewable Energy Research, c. 4, sy. 4, ss. 1078–1084, 2014.
ISNAD Warburg, Christopher Thomas - King'ondu, Cecil Kithongo. “ Tanzania”. International Journal Of Renewable Energy Research 4/4 (Aralık 2014), 1078-1084.
JAMA Warburg CT, King'ondu CK. Energy Characteristics of Five Indigenous Tree Species at Kitulangalo Forest Reserve in Morogoro, Tanzania. International Journal Of Renewable Energy Research. 2014;4:1078–1084.
MLA Warburg, Christopher Thomas ve Cecil Kithongo King'ondu. “ Tanzania”. International Journal Of Renewable Energy Research, c. 4, sy. 4, 2014, ss. 1078-84.
Vancouver Warburg CT, King'ondu CK. Energy Characteristics of Five Indigenous Tree Species at Kitulangalo Forest Reserve in Morogoro, Tanzania. International Journal Of Renewable Energy Research. 2014;4(4):1078-84.