BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Bioethanol Potential from Oil Palm Sap in Ghana

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 54 - 60, 01.03.2014

Öz

Ghana has a competitive geographical location for oil palm development when compared with its immediate neighbours and other global producers. In 2010, a total of 336,000 hectares of oil palm plantation was cultivated in Ghana and this is expected to increase as part of the roadmap stipulated in the introduction of ‘Master Plan Study on the Oil Palm industry in Ghana’ in July 2012. In cognizance with the improvement of oil palm development, Ghana can develop biofuel plan and its implementation through the production of ethanol from palm sap.  In this study, four leading cultivators of oil palm were examined for the potential palm sap that can be derived. An estimated amount of 447.5 million litres of bioethanol can be obtained from these four producers which could be used to support E10 and E20 as stipulated in the Strategic National Energy Plan (SNEP) (2006-2020).

Kaynakça

  • Drapcho, M.C, Nhuan, P.N. and Walker, H.T. Biofuels Engineering Companies, McGraw-Hill Professional – United States of America 2008 Technology, McGraw-Hill
  • IEA. World energy Outlook – 2007. International Energy Agency (IEA). 2007
  • Afrane G. Examining the potential for liquid fuels production and usage in Ghana. Energy Policy 2012;40:444-51.
  • Osei G, Arthur R, Afrane G, Agyemang E. O. Potential feedstocks for bioethanol production as a substitute for gasoline in Ghana. Renewable Energy 2013;55:12-17.
  • MOFA. Government outdoors two documents – Oil Palm Master Plan and Tree Crops Policy to Boost Production. Ministry of Food and Agriculture, Ghana; 2012 (www.mofa.gov.gh). Assessed: 29th October, 2012.
  • WRM. Oil Palm in Africa: Oil Palm in Ghana. World Rainforest http://oilpalminafrica.wordpress.com/2010/08/06/oil- palm-in-ghana/. Accessed on 14th april, 2013 2010 in Sub-Saharan Africa: Ghana’s
  • Franklin Cudjoe, (2012). Ghana's Economic Future in the Palm of Its Hands, A feature article published by myjoyonline.com. http://opinion.myjoyonline.com/pages/feature/201207/90 777.php. Accessed on 28th October, 2012
  • MOFA. Master Plan Study on Oil Palm Industry in Ghana, Ministry of Food and Agriculture (MOFA), Ghana; 2012 (www.mofa.gov.gh). Assessed: 29th October, 2012.
  • Parbey J. Technical and Financial Analysis of Vegetable Oil Utilization in a 5MW thermal power plant on KNUST campus, An MSC thesis, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Mechanical Engineering Department, Kumasi, Ghana; 2012.
  • FAO. Better Farming Series: Palm Oil. An FAO corporate document repository document produced by Agriculture and Consumer protection, Food and Agriculture (www.fao.org/docrep). Assessed: 3rd November, 2012 (FAO); 2012.
  • GSOPP, 2009. Economic Development, Golden Star Oil Palm http://www.gsr.com/Social_Responsibility/PapersDocum ents/GSOPPBrochure200812.pdf.Assessed: 14thNovember, 2012 (GSOPP).
  • Dalibard C, 1996. Potential of Tapping Palm Trees for Animal Production, Livestock Feed Resources within Integrated www.fao.org/ag/aga/frg/conf96.htm/dalibard.htm. Assessed: 14th November, 2012. Systems,
  • Pinoy bisnes ideas (2013). How to make toddy and palm wine. to-make-toddy-palm-wine/#.UWyQsNfKRFY, Accessed on 15th November, 2012
  • Chandrasekhar K., Sreevani Pramodhakumari J. A Review on palm wine, International Journal of Research in Biological Sciences; 2012, ISSN 2249–9687 S., Seshapani P.,
  • Walker, M.G., (2010). Bioethanol: Science and Technology of fuel alcohol, Graeme M. Walker & Ventus Publishing www.bookboon.com ISBN 978-87-7681-681-0.
  • Ghana Energy Commission. 2011 Energy (Supply and Demand) Outlook for Ghana; April 2011. Available at: http://new.energycom.gov.gh/downloads/2011Energy%2 0Outlook.pdf Assessed: 18th November, 2012
  • IMF, World Economic Outlook Database, International Monetary Fund (IMF), October 2012
  • Ghana Energy Commission. National Energy Statistics (2000-2010); (http://new.energycom.gov.gh/downloads/STATISTICS. pdf) Assessed: 19th November, 2012 2011.
  • Strategic National Energy Plan (SNEP). 2006-2020 and Ghana energy polic, Ghana: Ghana Energy Commission; 2006.
  • Mhango, Y. Economics Ghana: Annual economic outlook, The eve of oil production, Standard Bank April 2010, http://www.amchamghana.org/chamber/downloads/Ghan a-Economic-Outlook-by-Standard-Bank.pdf,Assessed: 23rd November, 2012
  • Ghana Energy Commission. 2010 Energy (Supply and Demand) http://new.energycom.gov.gh/downloads/2010Energy_O utlook.pdf , Assessed 24th November, 2012 2010,
  • Yamaguchi N. Divided Under the Sun: Sub-Saharan Refining. Hydrocarbon Engineering; August 2012, 17(8): 12-23
  • CIA, 2011; The World Factbook 2011, Washington D.C. Central https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world- factbook/rankorder/2178rank.html, November, 2012 Agency, 2011, Assessed 24th
  • Energy, Oil and Gas: Powering the Nation, Ghana and UNESCO Annual Magazine - 2nd Edition- 2 0 0 9 / 2 0 1 0, pg. 210-214
  • NPA. National Consumption 1999 - 2009. National Petroleum http://www.npa.gov.gh/npa_new/index.php, 25rd November 2012 Authority (NPA), Assessed J B. Internal Fundamentals. International Edition. McGraw Hill, New York; 1988 Combustion Engine
  • GTZ (2009). Jatropha Reality Check- A field Assessment of the Agronomic and Economic Viability of Jatropha and other oilseeds in Kenya, German Technical Cooperation (GTZ).
  • Duku M.H., Gu S.,Hagan E.B., A comprehensive review of biomass resources and biofuels potential in Ghana, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews; 2011, 15(1): 404-415
  • Udom, D.S. Economics of oil palm wine tapping, Nigerian Journal of Palms and Oil Seeds; 1987, VIII (1): 56-77.
  • Valdes C. Ethanol Demand Driving the Expansion of Brazil’s Sugar Industry, Sugar Journal; December 2007, Pg. http://www.sugarjournal.com/articles/sample.pdf, Assessed: 28th November 2012. 9-10,
  • Gyasi EA. Emergence of a new oil palm belt in Ghana, Royal Dutch Society; 2008; 83(1):39–49.
Yıl 2014, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 54 - 60, 01.03.2014

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Drapcho, M.C, Nhuan, P.N. and Walker, H.T. Biofuels Engineering Companies, McGraw-Hill Professional – United States of America 2008 Technology, McGraw-Hill
  • IEA. World energy Outlook – 2007. International Energy Agency (IEA). 2007
  • Afrane G. Examining the potential for liquid fuels production and usage in Ghana. Energy Policy 2012;40:444-51.
  • Osei G, Arthur R, Afrane G, Agyemang E. O. Potential feedstocks for bioethanol production as a substitute for gasoline in Ghana. Renewable Energy 2013;55:12-17.
  • MOFA. Government outdoors two documents – Oil Palm Master Plan and Tree Crops Policy to Boost Production. Ministry of Food and Agriculture, Ghana; 2012 (www.mofa.gov.gh). Assessed: 29th October, 2012.
  • WRM. Oil Palm in Africa: Oil Palm in Ghana. World Rainforest http://oilpalminafrica.wordpress.com/2010/08/06/oil- palm-in-ghana/. Accessed on 14th april, 2013 2010 in Sub-Saharan Africa: Ghana’s
  • Franklin Cudjoe, (2012). Ghana's Economic Future in the Palm of Its Hands, A feature article published by myjoyonline.com. http://opinion.myjoyonline.com/pages/feature/201207/90 777.php. Accessed on 28th October, 2012
  • MOFA. Master Plan Study on Oil Palm Industry in Ghana, Ministry of Food and Agriculture (MOFA), Ghana; 2012 (www.mofa.gov.gh). Assessed: 29th October, 2012.
  • Parbey J. Technical and Financial Analysis of Vegetable Oil Utilization in a 5MW thermal power plant on KNUST campus, An MSC thesis, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Mechanical Engineering Department, Kumasi, Ghana; 2012.
  • FAO. Better Farming Series: Palm Oil. An FAO corporate document repository document produced by Agriculture and Consumer protection, Food and Agriculture (www.fao.org/docrep). Assessed: 3rd November, 2012 (FAO); 2012.
  • GSOPP, 2009. Economic Development, Golden Star Oil Palm http://www.gsr.com/Social_Responsibility/PapersDocum ents/GSOPPBrochure200812.pdf.Assessed: 14thNovember, 2012 (GSOPP).
  • Dalibard C, 1996. Potential of Tapping Palm Trees for Animal Production, Livestock Feed Resources within Integrated www.fao.org/ag/aga/frg/conf96.htm/dalibard.htm. Assessed: 14th November, 2012. Systems,
  • Pinoy bisnes ideas (2013). How to make toddy and palm wine. to-make-toddy-palm-wine/#.UWyQsNfKRFY, Accessed on 15th November, 2012
  • Chandrasekhar K., Sreevani Pramodhakumari J. A Review on palm wine, International Journal of Research in Biological Sciences; 2012, ISSN 2249–9687 S., Seshapani P.,
  • Walker, M.G., (2010). Bioethanol: Science and Technology of fuel alcohol, Graeme M. Walker & Ventus Publishing www.bookboon.com ISBN 978-87-7681-681-0.
  • Ghana Energy Commission. 2011 Energy (Supply and Demand) Outlook for Ghana; April 2011. Available at: http://new.energycom.gov.gh/downloads/2011Energy%2 0Outlook.pdf Assessed: 18th November, 2012
  • IMF, World Economic Outlook Database, International Monetary Fund (IMF), October 2012
  • Ghana Energy Commission. National Energy Statistics (2000-2010); (http://new.energycom.gov.gh/downloads/STATISTICS. pdf) Assessed: 19th November, 2012 2011.
  • Strategic National Energy Plan (SNEP). 2006-2020 and Ghana energy polic, Ghana: Ghana Energy Commission; 2006.
  • Mhango, Y. Economics Ghana: Annual economic outlook, The eve of oil production, Standard Bank April 2010, http://www.amchamghana.org/chamber/downloads/Ghan a-Economic-Outlook-by-Standard-Bank.pdf,Assessed: 23rd November, 2012
  • Ghana Energy Commission. 2010 Energy (Supply and Demand) http://new.energycom.gov.gh/downloads/2010Energy_O utlook.pdf , Assessed 24th November, 2012 2010,
  • Yamaguchi N. Divided Under the Sun: Sub-Saharan Refining. Hydrocarbon Engineering; August 2012, 17(8): 12-23
  • CIA, 2011; The World Factbook 2011, Washington D.C. Central https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world- factbook/rankorder/2178rank.html, November, 2012 Agency, 2011, Assessed 24th
  • Energy, Oil and Gas: Powering the Nation, Ghana and UNESCO Annual Magazine - 2nd Edition- 2 0 0 9 / 2 0 1 0, pg. 210-214
  • NPA. National Consumption 1999 - 2009. National Petroleum http://www.npa.gov.gh/npa_new/index.php, 25rd November 2012 Authority (NPA), Assessed J B. Internal Fundamentals. International Edition. McGraw Hill, New York; 1988 Combustion Engine
  • GTZ (2009). Jatropha Reality Check- A field Assessment of the Agronomic and Economic Viability of Jatropha and other oilseeds in Kenya, German Technical Cooperation (GTZ).
  • Duku M.H., Gu S.,Hagan E.B., A comprehensive review of biomass resources and biofuels potential in Ghana, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews; 2011, 15(1): 404-415
  • Udom, D.S. Economics of oil palm wine tapping, Nigerian Journal of Palms and Oil Seeds; 1987, VIII (1): 56-77.
  • Valdes C. Ethanol Demand Driving the Expansion of Brazil’s Sugar Industry, Sugar Journal; December 2007, Pg. http://www.sugarjournal.com/articles/sample.pdf, Assessed: 28th November 2012. 9-10,
  • Gyasi EA. Emergence of a new oil palm belt in Ghana, Royal Dutch Society; 2008; 83(1):39–49.
Toplam 30 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Articles
Yazarlar

Joseph Parbey Bu kişi benim

Gabriel Osei Bu kişi benim

Richard Arthur Bu kişi benim

Godwin Ayetor Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Mart 2014
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2014 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Parbey, J., Osei, G., Arthur, R., Ayetor, G. (2014). Bioethanol Potential from Oil Palm Sap in Ghana. International Journal Of Renewable Energy Research, 4(1), 54-60.
AMA Parbey J, Osei G, Arthur R, Ayetor G. Bioethanol Potential from Oil Palm Sap in Ghana. International Journal Of Renewable Energy Research. Mart 2014;4(1):54-60.
Chicago Parbey, Joseph, Gabriel Osei, Richard Arthur, ve Godwin Ayetor. “Bioethanol Potential from Oil Palm Sap in Ghana”. International Journal Of Renewable Energy Research 4, sy. 1 (Mart 2014): 54-60.
EndNote Parbey J, Osei G, Arthur R, Ayetor G (01 Mart 2014) Bioethanol Potential from Oil Palm Sap in Ghana. International Journal Of Renewable Energy Research 4 1 54–60.
IEEE J. Parbey, G. Osei, R. Arthur, ve G. Ayetor, “Bioethanol Potential from Oil Palm Sap in Ghana”, International Journal Of Renewable Energy Research, c. 4, sy. 1, ss. 54–60, 2014.
ISNAD Parbey, Joseph vd. “Bioethanol Potential from Oil Palm Sap in Ghana”. International Journal Of Renewable Energy Research 4/1 (Mart 2014), 54-60.
JAMA Parbey J, Osei G, Arthur R, Ayetor G. Bioethanol Potential from Oil Palm Sap in Ghana. International Journal Of Renewable Energy Research. 2014;4:54–60.
MLA Parbey, Joseph vd. “Bioethanol Potential from Oil Palm Sap in Ghana”. International Journal Of Renewable Energy Research, c. 4, sy. 1, 2014, ss. 54-60.
Vancouver Parbey J, Osei G, Arthur R, Ayetor G. Bioethanol Potential from Oil Palm Sap in Ghana. International Journal Of Renewable Energy Research. 2014;4(1):54-60.