Yeast as a Viable and Prolonged Feedstock for Biodiesel Production

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 126 - 131, 01.03.2013

Hardik Gohel Sandipkumar Ghosh Vincent J Braganza

Öz

Demand of alternative fuels is increasing day by day due to the present crisis of petroleum based fuels. Biodiesel is one of the most demanding alternative fuel, which is produced either by animal or plant based feedstock. Both types of feedstocks are facing problem of constant availability in sufficient quantity for prolonged time period. This problem could be solved, if a source having higher lipid content is found in sufficient quantity. One probable solution is to use microorganisms; especially oleaginous species, because of their higher lipid content and almost similar composition as plant/animal lipid. For this experiment, yeast was selected because of several reasons like easy availability, rapid growth rate, higher lipid accumulation capacity, capable to grow on a variety of media etc. In this experiment, yeast was adapted to accumulate maximum quantity of lipids by providing metabolic stress condition, which was later converted into biodiesel by acid transesterification. Elimination of lipid extraction step has made the process much faster and easier as compared to traditional methods. Presence of fatty acid methyl esters were confirmed by high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) and gas chromatography (GC). Fatty acids composition was determined by gas chromatography (GC) by comparing with standards.

Anahtar Kelimeler

renewable energy, biomass energy, economic production of biodiesel, single step transesterification method, prolonged feedstock

Kaynakça

• F. Ataya, M. A. Dube, and M. Ternen, “Acid- CatalyzedTransesterification of Canola Oil to Biodiesel under Single- and Two-Phase Reaction Conditions,” Energy & Fuels, vol. 21, pp. 2450-2459, 2007.
• D. Bajpai and V. K. Tyagi, “Biodiesel: Source, Production, Composition, Properties and Its Benefits,” Journal of Oleo Science, vol. 55, no. 10, pp. 487-502, A. Demirbas, “Comparison of transesterification methods for production of biodiesel from vegetable oils and fats,” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 49, pp. 125- , 2008.
• E. Lotero, Y. Liu, D. E. Lopez, K. Suwannakarn, D. A. Bruce, and J. G. Goodwin, “Synthesis of Biodiesel via Acid Catalysis,” Industrial Engineering Chemistry Research, vol. 44, pp. 5353-5363, 2005.
• P. T. Vasudevan and M. Briggs, “Biodiesel production - current state of the art and challenges,” Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2008.
• M. Canakci and M. Sanli, “Biodiesel production from various feedstocks and their effects on the fuel properties,” Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, vol. 35, pp. 431-441, 2008.
• D. K. Bhattacharyya, “Biodiesel from minor vegetable oils like karanja oil and nahor oil,” Fett/Lipid, vol. 101, no. 10, pp. 404-406, 1999.
• A. C. Pinto, L. L. N. Guarieiro, M. J. C. Rezende, N. M. Ribeiro, and A. Ednildo, “Biodiesel : An Overview,” Journal of Brazilean Chemical Society, vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 1330, 2005.
• R. Kalscheuer, T. Stolting, and A. Steinbu, “Microdiesel : Escherichia coli engineered for fuel production,” Microbiology, vol. 152, pp. 2529-2536, 2006.
• M. Aresta, A. Dibenedetto, M. Carone, T. Colonna, and C. Fragale, “Production of biodiesel from macroalgae by supercritical CO 2 extraction and thermochemical liquefaction,” Environmental Chemistry Letters, vol. 3, pp. 136-139, 2005. Y. Chisti, “Biodiesel
• Biotechnology Advances, vol. 25, pp. 294-306, 2007. from microalgae,”
• Y. Wang, S. Ou, P. Liu, and Z. Zhang, “Preparation of biodiesel from waste cooking oil via two-step catalyzed process,” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 48, pp. 184-188, 2007.
• Q. Li, W. Du, and D. Liu, “Perspectives of microbial oils for biodiesel production,” Applied Microbiology and Biotechnolgy, vol. 80, pp. 749-756, D. Antoni, V. V. Zverlov, and W. H. Schwarz, “Biofuels from microbes,” Applied Microbiology and Biotechnolgy, vol. 77, pp. 23-35, 2007.
• B. Blagovi, J. Rup, M. Mesari, K. Georgi, and V. Mari, “Lipid Composition of Brewer ’ s Yeast,” Food Technology and Biotechnology, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 175- , 2001.
• C. O. Gill, M. J. Hall, and C. Ratledge, “Lipid Accumulation in an Oleaginous Yeast ( Candida 107 ) Growing on Glucose in Single-Stage Continuous Culture,” Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol. , no. 2, pp. 231-239, 1977.
• M. J. Hall and C. Ratledge, “Lipid Accumulation in an Oleaginous Yeast ( Candida 107 ) Growing on Glucose Under Various Conditions in a One- and Two- Stage Continuous Culture,” Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 577-584, 1977.
• X. Zhao, X. Kong, Y. Hua, B. Feng, and Z. K. Zhao, “Medium optimization for lipid production through co- fermentation of glucose and xylose by the oleaginous yeast Lipomycesstarkeyi,” European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, vol. 110, pp. 405-412, 2008.
• H. Müllner and G. Daum, “Dynamics of neutral lipid storage in yeast *.,” ActaBiochimicaPolonica, vol. , no. 2, pp. 323-347, 2004.
• C. Ratledge, “Regulation of lipid accumulation in oleaginous oleaginicityRole of malic enzyme ( ME ) in,” Biochemical Society Transactions, vol. 30, no. 6, pp. 1050, 2002. Biochemistry of
• E. . Blight and W. . Dyer, “A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification,” Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology, vol. 37, pp. 911-917, 1959.
• J. V. O. Fallon, J. R. Busboom, M. L. Nelson, and C. T. Gaskins, “A direct method for fatty acid methyl ester synthesis : Application to wet meat tissues , oils , and feedstuffs,” Journal of Animal Science, vol. 85, pp. 1521, 2007.
• C. M. Bump and L. J. Kunz, “Routine Identification of Yeasts with the Aid of Molyb- date-Agar Medium,” Applied Microbiology, vol. 16, no. 10, pp. 1503-1506,
• Rale and Vakil, “A note on an improved molyhdate agar for the selective isolation of yeasts from tropical fruits,” Journal Of Applied Bacteriology, vol. 56, pp. 413, 1984.
• A. Z. Mahmoudabadi and D. B. Drucker, “Comparison of polar lipids from yeast and mycelial forms of Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis,” Mycoses, vol. 49, pp. 18-22, 2006.
• J. J. Guarneri, T. J. Combs, and M. A. Pisano, “Lipid Composition of Candida stellatoidea as Affected by Culture Age and Medium Aeration,” Annals New York Academy of Sciecnes, vol. 435, pp. 595-597, 1984.
• S. Ruggieri, “Seperation of the methyl esters of fatty acids by thin layer chromatography,” Nature, vol. 193, pp. 1282-1283, 1962.
• C. P. and Freeman and D. West, “Complete seperation of lipid classes on a single thin layer plate,” Journal Of Lipid Research, vol. 7, pp. 324-327, 1966.
• S. Chun, J. Lee, M. Radosevich, D. C. White, and R. Geyer, “Influence of Agricultural antibiotics and 17- estradiol on the Microbial Community of Soil,” Journal of environmental science and Health Part B(San Francisco), vol. 41, pp. 923-935, 2006.
• E. Tvrzická, M. Vecka, B. Staˇ, and A. Žák, “Analysis of fatty acids in plasma lipoproteins by gas chromatography - flame ionization detection Quantitative aspects,” Analytic ChimicaActa, vol. 465, pp. 337-350, C. Brown and A. Rose, “Fatty-Acid Composition of Candida utilis as Affected by Growth Temperature and Dissolved- Oxygen Tension,” Journal of Bacteriology, vol. 99, no. 2, pp. 371-378, 1969.